南阳文化旅游发展研究
摘要
当前旅游业的发展已经进入了新的阶段,文化旅游由于自身深厚的文化内涵能够满足旅游者日益增长的文化需求和审美需求,已成为旅游业发展的一种潮流。由于文化旅游有利于弘扬传统文化,能促进旅游业经济效益的提高,在旅游业中发挥的作用越来越重要。因此,加强对文化旅游的研究是十分必要的。南阳市拥有丰富的文化旅游资源,这为南阳发展文化旅游提供了先天优势,但在实际发展中,这些文化旅游资源却没有被充分利用。作为一个文化旅游资源大市,南阳的文化旅游发展相对落后,在河南省不属于前列。如何更好地利用文化旅游资源,进一步发展南阳文化旅游是当前南阳旅游业发展的一个重要问题。本文的在学习、借鉴前人研究的基础上,运用实地调查法、文献综合分析法、旅游人类学、旅游体验、可持续发展理论等客观分析南阳文化旅游资源、南阳文化旅游的发展状况及其存在的问题,提出合理的发展对策和发展方向,为今后南阳文化旅游的发展提供帮助。
本文在分析南阳自然地理特征和历史文化背景下,分类介绍南阳若干代表性文化旅游资源,并总结南阳文化旅游资源的特点。文章认为南阳文化旅游资源不仅种类丰富,包含有楚文化资源、汉文化资源、三国文化资源、衙门文化资源、淮源文化资源、玉文化资源、地方曲艺文化资源、医药文化资源、红色文化资源、科教文化资源等十类文化旅游资源,而且部分文化旅游资源特色明显,在国内首屈一指,具有不可替代性,这是南阳发展文化旅游的一个优势。此外,南阳的文化旅游资源与自然旅游资源相互融合,众多文化景区都处于自然环境优美的地区。
接着,本文从南阳文化旅游资源开发状况、各县镇文化旅游发展状况、提供的文化旅游线路、相关文化产业发展状况和政府管理等几方面分析南阳文化旅游的发展现状,肯定南阳文化旅游发展取得一定成果,同时也提出南阳文化旅游发展中存在的若干问题,像文化旅游专线少、文化旅游资源开发缺少统一规划、部分景区可进入性差、游客多集中在黄金周、旅游服务质量低、文化旅游产品宣传力度不够、部分文化旅游产品文化内涵挖掘不足、相关产业发育程度低等,这些问题都影响了南阳文化旅游今后的进一步发展。
为了南阳文化旅游的可持续发展,南阳应当开发多条文化旅游专线(汉文化旅游专线、恐龙蛋化石之旅、三国文化旅游专线、衙署文化旅游专线、玉文化旅游专线、楚长城遗址科考游、医药文化旅游专线、红色旅游专线、南水北调思源之旅、淮源文化专线等)；深入挖掘南阳文化旅游资源的文化底蕴,提升景区的文化品位,增强旅游产品的吸引力；通过多种渠道,加大南阳文化旅游的宣传营销力度,提高南阳文化旅游的知名度；加强和周边地区的文化旅游合作,实现“无障碍旅游”,建立文化旅游互动推介和互送客源机制,共同推进南阳文化旅游发展；探索发展相关旅游产业,完善南阳文化旅游产品体系；完善南阳旅游服务体系和旅游基础设施建设,提升南阳文化旅游服务质量。
此外,南阳文化旅游应当实施品牌战略,建立知名文化旅游品牌作为南阳文化旅游的龙头,拉动南阳文化旅游发展。在品牌战略实施过程中,南阳要有计划、有步骤地进行,从培育发展“南阳品牌”、“河南品牌”、“中国品牌”依次推进。南阳应当把本地的文化旅游资源整合起来,实施区域一体化战略,发挥文化旅游资源的整体优势,增强南阳文化旅游的市场吸引力和核心竞争力。
The development of tourism industry has entered a new stage, cultural tourism by its deep cultural connotation meets the tourists'growing cultural needs and the aesthetic demand, it has become a trend of the development of tourism. In addition, cultural tourism is also conducive to carry forward the traditional culture, and it could promote to improve the economic benefits of the tourism industry, it plays an increasingly important role in tourism. Therefore, to enhance the study of cultural tourism is very necessary. Nanyang has rich cultural tourism resources, it provides the development of cultural tourism in Nanyang a congenital advantage, but in reality, these cultural tourism resources have not been fully utilized. As a rich cultural tourism resources city, Nanyang cultural tourism development is relatively backward, in Henan Province it does not belong to the front row. How to make better use of their cultural tourism resources is an important question for the current development of Nanyang tourism. In this paper, it has learned on the basis of the former research, it has used the field survey method, the literature comprehensive analysis, tourism anthropology, travel experience and the sustainable development theory to analyse the Nanyang cultural tourism resources, the Nanyang cultural tourism's development situation and its problems, this paper puts forward the reasonable development strategies and the direction of development. This provides help for the future development of cultural tourism in Nanyang.
Based on the analysis of the Nanyang natural geographical features and the historical background, it makes classification and introduces several Nanyang representative cultural tourism resources, it sums up the characteristics of the cultural tourism resources. Nanyang cultural tourism resources have rich varieties, it contains the Chu culture resources, Han culture resources, the Three Kingdoms culture resources, local folk culture resources, medicine culture resources, red culture resources and other cultural tourism resources. Some cultural tourism resources have clear characteristic, there can't be irreplaceable, this is the advantage in the development of cultural tourism. In addition, the Nanyang cultural tourism resources are in a beautiful natural landscape area.
Then, this paper analyzed the development condition of Nanyang cultural tourism resources, the cultural tourism development in the towns, the Nanyang cultural tours, related cultural industry development and the government management status. While affirming the cultural tourism development in Nanyang to obtain some achievements, it also puts forward several problems in the Nanyang cultural tourism development, like lack the cultural travel lanes, lack the unified planning in the cultural tourism development, bad accessibility, the visitors in the golden week, the low service quality, lack publicity and so on. These problems have influenced the further development of Nanyang cultural tourism.
For the sustainable development of Nanyang cultural tourism, Nanyang should develop more cultural tourism hotlines (Han cultural tourism line, dinosaur egg fossil trip, three kingdoms cultural tourism line, Chu Great Wall Ruins expedition travel, medicine cultural tourism line, etc.); Tapping the Nanyang cultural tourism resources, promote the culture grade of scenic spot, and enhance the attractiveness of the tourism products; Through a variety of channels to increase the Nanyang cultural tourism promotion and marketing efforts, improve the visibility of Nanyang cultural tourism; Strengthen cultural tourism cooperation with the surrounding areas, to achieve "barrier-free tourism", establish the cultural tourism interactive recommendation and send each other the source mechanism, to jointly promote the development of Nanyang cultural tourism; Explore the development of the related tourism industry, perfect the Nanyang cultural tourist products'system; Perfect the service system and tourist infrastructure construction, to enhance the Nanyang cultural tourism service quality.
In addition, the Nanyang cultural tourism should implement the brand strategy, establish the well-known cultural tourist brand as Nanyang cultural tourism's bibcock, to stimulate the development of Nanyang cultural tourism. In the implementation of brand strategy, Nanyang must have the plan, step by step, from nurturing the development of the "Nanyang brand""Henan brand","China brand" in tune. Nanyang also should be to integrate the local cultural tourism resources, implement the strategy of regional integration, to play the whole advantages of the cultural tourism resources, to enhance the attraction to market and the core competitive power of the Nanyang cultural tourism.
本文在分析南阳自然地理特征和历史文化背景下,分类介绍南阳若干代表性文化旅游资源,并总结南阳文化旅游资源的特点。文章认为南阳文化旅游资源不仅种类丰富,包含有楚文化资源、汉文化资源、三国文化资源、衙门文化资源、淮源文化资源、玉文化资源、地方曲艺文化资源、医药文化资源、红色文化资源、科教文化资源等十类文化旅游资源,而且部分文化旅游资源特色明显,在国内首屈一指,具有不可替代性,这是南阳发展文化旅游的一个优势。此外,南阳的文化旅游资源与自然旅游资源相互融合,众多文化景区都处于自然环境优美的地区。
接着,本文从南阳文化旅游资源开发状况、各县镇文化旅游发展状况、提供的文化旅游线路、相关文化产业发展状况和政府管理等几方面分析南阳文化旅游的发展现状,肯定南阳文化旅游发展取得一定成果,同时也提出南阳文化旅游发展中存在的若干问题,像文化旅游专线少、文化旅游资源开发缺少统一规划、部分景区可进入性差、游客多集中在黄金周、旅游服务质量低、文化旅游产品宣传力度不够、部分文化旅游产品文化内涵挖掘不足、相关产业发育程度低等,这些问题都影响了南阳文化旅游今后的进一步发展。
为了南阳文化旅游的可持续发展,南阳应当开发多条文化旅游专线(汉文化旅游专线、恐龙蛋化石之旅、三国文化旅游专线、衙署文化旅游专线、玉文化旅游专线、楚长城遗址科考游、医药文化旅游专线、红色旅游专线、南水北调思源之旅、淮源文化专线等)；深入挖掘南阳文化旅游资源的文化底蕴,提升景区的文化品位,增强旅游产品的吸引力；通过多种渠道,加大南阳文化旅游的宣传营销力度,提高南阳文化旅游的知名度；加强和周边地区的文化旅游合作,实现“无障碍旅游”,建立文化旅游互动推介和互送客源机制,共同推进南阳文化旅游发展；探索发展相关旅游产业,完善南阳文化旅游产品体系；完善南阳旅游服务体系和旅游基础设施建设,提升南阳文化旅游服务质量。
此外,南阳文化旅游应当实施品牌战略,建立知名文化旅游品牌作为南阳文化旅游的龙头,拉动南阳文化旅游发展。在品牌战略实施过程中,南阳要有计划、有步骤地进行,从培育发展“南阳品牌”、“河南品牌”、“中国品牌”依次推进。南阳应当把本地的文化旅游资源整合起来,实施区域一体化战略,发挥文化旅游资源的整体优势,增强南阳文化旅游的市场吸引力和核心竞争力。
The development of tourism industry has entered a new stage, cultural tourism by its deep cultural connotation meets the tourists'growing cultural needs and the aesthetic demand, it has become a trend of the development of tourism. In addition, cultural tourism is also conducive to carry forward the traditional culture, and it could promote to improve the economic benefits of the tourism industry, it plays an increasingly important role in tourism. Therefore, to enhance the study of cultural tourism is very necessary. Nanyang has rich cultural tourism resources, it provides the development of cultural tourism in Nanyang a congenital advantage, but in reality, these cultural tourism resources have not been fully utilized. As a rich cultural tourism resources city, Nanyang cultural tourism development is relatively backward, in Henan Province it does not belong to the front row. How to make better use of their cultural tourism resources is an important question for the current development of Nanyang tourism. In this paper, it has learned on the basis of the former research, it has used the field survey method, the literature comprehensive analysis, tourism anthropology, travel experience and the sustainable development theory to analyse the Nanyang cultural tourism resources, the Nanyang cultural tourism's development situation and its problems, this paper puts forward the reasonable development strategies and the direction of development. This provides help for the future development of cultural tourism in Nanyang.
Based on the analysis of the Nanyang natural geographical features and the historical background, it makes classification and introduces several Nanyang representative cultural tourism resources, it sums up the characteristics of the cultural tourism resources. Nanyang cultural tourism resources have rich varieties, it contains the Chu culture resources, Han culture resources, the Three Kingdoms culture resources, local folk culture resources, medicine culture resources, red culture resources and other cultural tourism resources. Some cultural tourism resources have clear characteristic, there can't be irreplaceable, this is the advantage in the development of cultural tourism. In addition, the Nanyang cultural tourism resources are in a beautiful natural landscape area.
Then, this paper analyzed the development condition of Nanyang cultural tourism resources, the cultural tourism development in the towns, the Nanyang cultural tours, related cultural industry development and the government management status. While affirming the cultural tourism development in Nanyang to obtain some achievements, it also puts forward several problems in the Nanyang cultural tourism development, like lack the cultural travel lanes, lack the unified planning in the cultural tourism development, bad accessibility, the visitors in the golden week, the low service quality, lack publicity and so on. These problems have influenced the further development of Nanyang cultural tourism.
For the sustainable development of Nanyang cultural tourism, Nanyang should develop more cultural tourism hotlines (Han cultural tourism line, dinosaur egg fossil trip, three kingdoms cultural tourism line, Chu Great Wall Ruins expedition travel, medicine cultural tourism line, etc.); Tapping the Nanyang cultural tourism resources, promote the culture grade of scenic spot, and enhance the attractiveness of the tourism products; Through a variety of channels to increase the Nanyang cultural tourism promotion and marketing efforts, improve the visibility of Nanyang cultural tourism; Strengthen cultural tourism cooperation with the surrounding areas, to achieve "barrier-free tourism", establish the cultural tourism interactive recommendation and send each other the source mechanism, to jointly promote the development of Nanyang cultural tourism; Explore the development of the related tourism industry, perfect the Nanyang cultural tourist products'system; Perfect the service system and tourist infrastructure construction, to enhance the Nanyang cultural tourism service quality.
In addition, the Nanyang cultural tourism should implement the brand strategy, establish the well-known cultural tourist brand as Nanyang cultural tourism's bibcock, to stimulate the development of Nanyang cultural tourism. In the implementation of brand strategy, Nanyang must have the plan, step by step, from nurturing the development of the "Nanyang brand""Henan brand","China brand" in tune. Nanyang also should be to integrate the local cultural tourism resources, implement the strategy of regional integration, to play the whole advantages of the cultural tourism resources, to enhance the attraction to market and the core competitive power of the Nanyang cultural tourism.
引文
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② Reisinger Y.Tourist-Host Contact as Part of Cultural Tourism [J].World Leisure and Recreation.1994,36(Summer).
③ Jamieson W. The Challenge of Cultural Tourism[J]. Canadian Tourism Bulletin,1994(3).
④ Ted Silberberg. Cultural tourism and business opportunities for museums and heritage site[J]. Tourism Managemt,1995,16(5):361-365.
⑤ Wiendua Nuryanti. Heritage and postmodern tourism[J]. Annals of Tourism Research,1996,23(2):249-260.
⑥ Richards. Cultural Tourism in Europe[M].1996:110.
⑦ Yvonne Payne Daniel. Tourism dance performances authenticity an creativity [J].Annals of Tourism Research,1996,23 (4):780-797.
⑧蒙吉军,崔凤军.北京市文化旅游开发研究[J].北京联合大学学报,2001,15(1)：140.
⑨郭丽华.略论“文化旅游”[J].北京第二外国语学院学报,1999,(4)：42-45.
⑩李巧玲.文化旅游及其资源开发刍议[J].湛江师范学院学报,2004,24(2)：87-90.
11李瑞,刘长运.南阳市旅游业发展研究[J].南阳师范学院学报(自然科学版),2003,2(12)：65-68.
12许韶立,浅论南阳旅游开发之方略[J].地域研究与开发,2008,27(6)：53-56.
13雷化雨.对发展南阳文化旅游业的思考[J].南阳师范学院学报,2009,8(12)：67-70.
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15谢彦君.基础旅游学[M].中国旅游出版社,2004,204.
16南阳——百度百科http://baike.baidu.com/view/3000.htm
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② Reisinger Y.Tourist-Host Contact as Part of Cultural Tourism [J].World Leisure and Recreation.1994,36(Summer).
③ Jamieson W. The Challenge of Cultural Tourism[J]. Canadian Tourism Bulletin,1994(3).
④ Ted Silberberg. Cultural tourism and business opportunities for museums and heritage site[J]. Tourism Managemt,1995,16(5):361-365.
⑤ Wiendua Nuryanti. Heritage and postmodern tourism[J]. Annals of Tourism Research,1996,23(2):249-260.
⑥ Richards. Cultural Tourism in Europe[M].1996:110.
⑦ Yvonne Payne Daniel. Tourism dance performances authenticity an creativity [J].Annals of Tourism Research,1996,23 (4):780-797.
⑧蒙吉军,崔凤军.北京市文化旅游开发研究[J].北京联合大学学报,2001,15(1)：140.
⑨郭丽华.略论“文化旅游”[J].北京第二外国语学院学报,1999,(4)：42-45.
⑩李巧玲.文化旅游及其资源开发刍议[J].湛江师范学院学报,2004,24(2)：87-90.
11李瑞,刘长运.南阳市旅游业发展研究[J].南阳师范学院学报(自然科学版),2003,2(12)：65-68.
12许韶立,浅论南阳旅游开发之方略[J].地域研究与开发,2008,27(6)：53-56.
13雷化雨.对发展南阳文化旅游业的思考[J].南阳师范学院学报,2009,8(12)：67-70.
14刘长运,徐敏,薛宝琪.基于SWOT分析的南阳旅游可持续发展研究[J].地域研究与开发,2009,28(2)：77-81.
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16南阳——百度百科http://baike.baidu.com/view/3000.htm
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