新型固相微萃取技术研究
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摘要
固相微萃取技术(SPME)是一种无溶剂的样品前处理技术,作为SPME技术发展的一种类型,固态萃取搅拌棒技术(SBSE)由于其萃取相的体积比SPME的大50-250倍,在萃取过程中自身进行搅拌,提高了目标组分的富集倍数约10~2,降低了分析检测下限,适合痕量有机污染物的萃取分析。
设计了SBSE专用热解析器,解析器内衬管为石英管,用气相色谱进样口对样品传输线进行加热,使解析下来的样品无损失全部转移到色谱柱中,利用分析柱头固定相的溶质聚焦技术和程序升温,使色谱峰形对称,没有出现额外的峰展宽现象。而且解析完全,没有残留,使用寿命长,成本低,适配于各种类型的气样色谱进样口和检测器。
采用溶胶凝胶技术(Sol-gel)合成了SBSE萃取相,由于萃取相本身与其载体玻璃之间通过化学键结合,获得了耐高温和耐溶剂的特点,耐温达300oC,使用寿命大于50次。表面多孔结构增加了样品与萃取相之间的接触面积,加速传质过程,提高萃取效率。一次涂层可以获得30μm的涂层厚度,多次涂渍可以使涂层厚度加倍。合成的萃取相适合于多环芳烃和有机农药类物质的分析,与气相色谱(GC)配合检测限达到ng/L级。建立了复杂样品分析前处理方法——有机溶剂提取与SBSE相结合的方法。
利用Sol-gel包埋技术对不含溶胶凝胶活性的乙烯基二甲基聚硅氧烷进行包埋,合成Fiber-SPME萃取相,提出了Sol-gel包埋理论即在高温老化阶段乙烯基聚合成网与溶胶网络相互嵌套,使制得萃取相最高耐温达300oC,使用寿命在100次以上。
针对海量样品前处理所遇到的困难,提出了固态样品瓶萃取技术(VSPME),实现了海量样本的多点同时采集,同时并行处理,避免了样品采集后和运输过程中所引起的变化。实现了处理时间和过程与样品数量无关的技术。
Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a simple and effective adsorption and desorption technique, which eliminates the need for solvents. As a new type of SPME, stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) has about 50-250 times more extraction phase than that of conventional SPME, resulting increase of enrichment factor up to 102. The stir bar coated with extraction phase is also used to stir samples during extraction. The SBSE technique is suitable for extraction of trace amount of organic compounds in food and environmental samples.
A thermal desorption system (TDS), consist of a quartz liner and heaters, gas flow controllers, temperature control units, and a sample transfer line to the GC, was designed and evaluated. A 90 mm long stainless steel cylinder of 6.7mm I.D. and 12mm O.D. was used to hold the desorption liner and the transfer line. The transfer line was inserted directly through the injector septum into the GC pre-column about 20 cm deep. Desorption is complete and no carry-over is found. The device is compatible to all GC, and is robust and low cost.
A sol-gel coating method for the preparation of bars used in sorptive microextraction was described. The extraction phase poly(dimethysiloane) (PDMS) was partially crosslinked with the sol-gel network, and the most part was entangled within the network. The thickness of coating layer is about 30μm by one coating process. Thicker coating layer can be realized by multi-coating process. The improved coating technology shows good thermal stability up to 300°C.
Organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) in vegetables were determined by stir
设计了SBSE专用热解析器,解析器内衬管为石英管,用气相色谱进样口对样品传输线进行加热,使解析下来的样品无损失全部转移到色谱柱中,利用分析柱头固定相的溶质聚焦技术和程序升温,使色谱峰形对称,没有出现额外的峰展宽现象。而且解析完全,没有残留,使用寿命长,成本低,适配于各种类型的气样色谱进样口和检测器。
采用溶胶凝胶技术(Sol-gel)合成了SBSE萃取相,由于萃取相本身与其载体玻璃之间通过化学键结合,获得了耐高温和耐溶剂的特点,耐温达300oC,使用寿命大于50次。表面多孔结构增加了样品与萃取相之间的接触面积,加速传质过程,提高萃取效率。一次涂层可以获得30μm的涂层厚度,多次涂渍可以使涂层厚度加倍。合成的萃取相适合于多环芳烃和有机农药类物质的分析,与气相色谱(GC)配合检测限达到ng/L级。建立了复杂样品分析前处理方法——有机溶剂提取与SBSE相结合的方法。
利用Sol-gel包埋技术对不含溶胶凝胶活性的乙烯基二甲基聚硅氧烷进行包埋,合成Fiber-SPME萃取相,提出了Sol-gel包埋理论即在高温老化阶段乙烯基聚合成网与溶胶网络相互嵌套,使制得萃取相最高耐温达300oC,使用寿命在100次以上。
针对海量样品前处理所遇到的困难,提出了固态样品瓶萃取技术(VSPME),实现了海量样本的多点同时采集,同时并行处理,避免了样品采集后和运输过程中所引起的变化。实现了处理时间和过程与样品数量无关的技术。
Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a simple and effective adsorption and desorption technique, which eliminates the need for solvents. As a new type of SPME, stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) has about 50-250 times more extraction phase than that of conventional SPME, resulting increase of enrichment factor up to 102. The stir bar coated with extraction phase is also used to stir samples during extraction. The SBSE technique is suitable for extraction of trace amount of organic compounds in food and environmental samples.
A thermal desorption system (TDS), consist of a quartz liner and heaters, gas flow controllers, temperature control units, and a sample transfer line to the GC, was designed and evaluated. A 90 mm long stainless steel cylinder of 6.7mm I.D. and 12mm O.D. was used to hold the desorption liner and the transfer line. The transfer line was inserted directly through the injector septum into the GC pre-column about 20 cm deep. Desorption is complete and no carry-over is found. The device is compatible to all GC, and is robust and low cost.
A sol-gel coating method for the preparation of bars used in sorptive microextraction was described. The extraction phase poly(dimethysiloane) (PDMS) was partially crosslinked with the sol-gel network, and the most part was entangled within the network. The thickness of coating layer is about 30μm by one coating process. Thicker coating layer can be realized by multi-coating process. The improved coating technology shows good thermal stability up to 300°C.
Organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) in vegetables were determined by stir
引文
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101 Y. Fan, Y. Feng, S. Da, Z. Wang, In-tube solid-phase microextraction using a –cyclodextrin coated capillary coupled to high performance liquid chromatography for determination of no-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in urine samples, Talanta, 2005, 65:111-117.
102 H. Bagheri, A. Es-haghi, M. Rouini, Sol-gel-based solid-phasemicroextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry determination of dextromethorphan and dextrorphan in human plasma, J Chromatogr B, 2005, 818:147-157.
103 B. L. Wittkamp, Determination of BTEX Compounds in Water by Solid-Phase Microextraction and Raman Spectroscopy, Anal Chem 1995, 67:600-605.
104 C. R. Jia. Solid phase microextraction combined with HPLC for determination of metal ions using crown ether as selective extracting reagent, J Micro Sep, 1998, 10:167-173.
105 K. Det , Optimization of solid-phase microextraction conditions for determination of phenols, Anal Chem, 1994, 66:160-167.
106 M. Chai, Determination of volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons in air and water with solid-phase microextraction, Analyst, 1993,118:1501-1505.
107 J. Y. Horng, Determination of the semi-volatile compounds nitrobenzene, isophorone, 2,4-dinitrotoluene and 2,6-dinitrotoluene in water using solid-phase microextraction with a polydimethylsiloxane- coated fibre, J Chromatogr A, 1994, 678:313-318.
108 R. Eisert, Element-selective detection of pesticides by gas chromatography—atomic emission detection and solid-phase microextraction, J Chromatogr A, 1994, 683:175-183.
109 Y. Cai, Determination of methylmercury in fish and river water samples using in situ sodium tetraethylborate derivatization following by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J Chromatogr A, 1995, 696:113-122.
110 C. Rivassseau, Comparsion of on-line SPE-HPLC and SPME-GC for the analysis of micro-contaminates in water, Chromatographia, 1995, 41:462-470.
111 A. A. Boydboland, Solid-phase microextraction of nitrogen-containing herbicides, J Chromatogr A, 1995, 704:163-172.
112 T. Gorecki, Determination of Tetraethyllead and Inorganic Lead in Water by Solid Phase Microextraction/Gas Chromatography, Anal Chem, 1996, 68:3008-3014.
113 A. A. Boydboland, Solid-Phase Microextraction Coupled with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography for the Determination of Alkylphenol Ethoxylate Surfactants in Water, Anal Chem, 1996, 68:1521-1529.
114 R. C. Hale, Determination of coal tar and creosote constituents in the aquatic environment, J Chromatogr A, 1997, 774:79-95.
115 A. L. Nguyen, Separation and Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Solid Phase Microextraction/Cyclodextrin-Modified Capillary Electrophoresis, Anal Chem, 1997, 69:1726-1731.
116 L. Pan, Derivatization/Solid-Phase Microextraction: New Approach to Polar Analytes, Anal Chem, 1997, 69:196-205.
117 S. Abarshick, Trace Analysis of Explosives in Seawater Using Solid-Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography/Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry, Anal Chem, 1998, 70:3015-3020.
118 M. Llompart, Solid-Phase Microextraction and Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction for the Determination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Water Samples, Anal Chem, 1998, 70:2510-2515.
119 Z. Y. Zhang, Analysis of organic compounds in environmental samples by headspace solid phase microextraction, HRC-Journal of high resolution chromatography , 1993, 16:689-692.
120 P. Popp, Application of solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography with electron-capture and mass spectrometric detection for the determination of hexachlorocyclohexanes in soil solutions, J Chromatogr A, 1994, 687:133-140.
121 K. G. Furtone, A simple, inexpensive, rapid, sensitive and solventless technique for the analysis of accelerants in fire debris based on SPME, HRC-Journal of high resolution chromatography, 1995,18:625-629.
122 C. M. Barshick, Elemental and Organometallic Analyses of Soil Using Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, Rap Communi Mass Spectr. 1996, 10:341-346.
123 A. A. Boydboland, Simultaneous determination of 60 pesticides in water using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, Aanalyst, 1996, 121:929-937.
124 K. J.Hageman, Coupled Subcritical Water Extraction with Solid-Phase Microextraction for Determining Semivolatile Organics in Environmental Solids, Anal Chem, 1996, 68:3892-3898.
125 K. J. Hangeman, Coupled Subcritical Water Extraction with Solid-Phase Microextraction for Determining Semivolatile Organics in Environmental Solids, Anal Chem, 1997, 69:801-801.
126 F. J. Santos, Analysis of chlorobenzenes in soils by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry, J Chromatogr A, 1997, 771:181-189.
117 M. Moder, Characterization of water-soluble components of slurries using solid-phase microextraction coupled to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, J Micro Sep, 1998, 10:225-234.
128 M. R. Lee. Solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for determining chlorophenols from landfill leaches and soil, J Chromatogr A, 1998, 806:317-324.
129 T. J. Clark. Quantitative Determination of Phenols in Mainstream Smoke with Solid-Phase Microextraction–Gas Chromatography–Selected Ion Monitoring Mass Spectrometry , J Chromatographic Sci, 1996, 34:272-275.
130 M. Chai, Determination of volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons in air and water with solid-phase microextraction, Analyst, 1993, 118:1501-1505.
131 D. Gorlo, Calibration procedure for solid phase microextraction—gas chromatographic analysis of organic vapours in air, Talanta, 1997, 44:1543-1550.
132 M. Emccomb, Microextraction of volatile organic compounds using the inside needle capillary adsorption trap (INCAT) device, Talanta, 1997, 44:2137-2143.
133 P. Popp, Solid phase microextraction of volatile organic compounds using Carboxen-polydimethylsiloxane fibers, Chromatographia, 1997, 46:419-424.
134 P. Amartos. Estimation of Air/Coating Distribution Coefficients for Solid Phase Microextraction Using Retention Indexes from Linear Temperature-Programmed Capillary Gas Chromatography. Application to theSampling and Analysis of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Air, Anal Chem, 1997, 69:402-408.
135 L. Pan, Derivatization/Solid-Phase Microextraction: New Approach to Polar Analytes, Anal Chem, 1997, 69:196-205.
136 S. B. Hawthorne, Solventless determination of caffeine in beverages using solid-phase microextraction with fused-silica fibers, J Chromatogr, 1992,603:185-191.
137 J. C. Wu, W. Xie, J. Pawliszyn, Automated in-tube solid phase microextraction coupled with HPLC-ES-MS for the determination of catechins and caffeine in tea. Analyst, 2000, 125: 2216-2222.
138 B. D. Page, Application of solid-phase microextraction to the headspace gas chromatographic analysis of halogenated volatiles in selected foods, J Chromatogr, 1993, 648:199-211.
139 A. J. Maich, Solid Phase Microextraction for Quantitative Headspace Sampling of Apple Volatiles, Anal Chem, 1996, 68:4114-4118.
140 H. Verhoeven, SPME: artifact formation and its avoidance, Chromatographia. 1997, 46:63-66.
141 T. J. Clark, Determination of Volatile Acids in Tobacco, Tea, and Coffee Using Derivatization–Purge and Trap Gas Chromatography–Selected Ion Monitoring Mass Spectrometry, J Chromatogr Sci, 1997, 35:209-212.
142 S. S. Yang, Determination of alkaloids using solid phase microtraction and GC-NPD, Chromatographia, 1998, 47:443-448.
143 D. D. L. C. Garcia. Analysis of Wine Bouquet Components Using Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction-Capillary Gas Chromatography, J HRC-Journal of High Resolution Chromtography. 1998, 21:373-377.
144 M. M.estres, Headspace solid-phase microextraction analysis of volatile sulphides and disulphides in wine aroma, J Chromatogr A, 1998, 808:211-218.
145 N. P. Sen, Rapid semi-quantitative estimation of N-nitrosodibutylamine and N-nitrosodibenzylamine in smoked hams by solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography-thermal energy analysis, J Chromatogr A, 1997, 788:131-140.
146 D. D. C. Garcia, Separation of metal cations in acidic solution by capillary electrophoresis with direct and indirect UV detection, HRC-Journal of High Resolution Chromtography, 1997, 20:665-668.
147 A. Keszler, Identification of Volatile Compounds in Sunflower Oil by Headspace SPME and Ion-Trap GC/MS, HRC-Journal of High Resolution Chromtography, 1998, 21:368-370.
148 Y. W. Wang, Solid phase microextraction associated with microwave assisted extraction of food products, HRC-Journal of High Resolution Chromtography, 1997, 20:213-216.
149 M. Chiarotti, Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and gas-chromatographic analysis of anorectic compounds in human urine, J Microcol Sep, 1997, 9:249-252.
150 H.L. Lord, Method Optimization for the Analysis of Amphetamines in Urine by Solid-Phase Microextraction, Anal Chem, 1997, 69:3899-3906.
151 C. Battu, Screening Procedure for 21 Amphetamine-Related Compounds in Urine Using Solid-Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry, J Chromatogr Sci, 1998, 36:1-7.
152 M. Moder, Determination of urinary acylcarnitines by ESI-MS coupled with solid-phase microextraction (SPME), J. Mass. Sepctro. 1997, 32:1195-1204.
153 D. A. Volmer, Rapid determination of corticosteroids in urine by combined solid phase microextraction/liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, Rapid Communications Mass Spectro. 1997, 11:1926-1934.
154 X. P. Lee, Detection of organophosphate pesticides in human bodyfluids by HS-SPME and capillary GC with nitrogen-phosphorates detection, Chromatographia. 1996, 42:135-140.
155 P. Okeyo, Analysis of steroids from human serum by SPME with headspace derivatization and GC/MS,HRC-Journal of High Resolution Chromtography, 1997, 20:171-173.
156 Y. Luo, Determination of five benzodiazepines in aqueous solution and biological fluids using solid-phase microextraction with Carbowax TM/DVB fiber coating, J Micro Sep, 1998, 10:193-201.
157 K. Takekawa, Analysis of cyanide in blood by headspace solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography. Chromatographia, 1998, 47:209-214.
158 L. S. Debruin, Solid-Phase Microextraction of Monocyclic Aromatic Amines from Biological Fluids, Anal Chem, 1998, 70:1986-1992.
159 B. J. Hall, Determination of Cannabinoids in Water and Human Saliva by Solid-Phase Microextraction and Quadrupole Ion Trap Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, Anal. Chem. 1998, 70:1788-1796.
160 C. Grote, Solid-Phase Microextraction for the Analysis of Human Breath, Anal Chem, 1997, 69:587-596.
161 Y. Cai, Determination of methylmercury in fish and river water samples using in situ sodium tetraethylborate derivatization following by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J Chromatogr A, 1995, 696(1):113-122.
162 C. Malosse, Solid-phase microextraction, an alternative method for the study of airborne insect pheromones (Metamasius hemipterus, coleoptera, curculionidae), HRC-Journal of High Resolution Chromtography, 1995, 18:669-670.
163 T. Gorecki, Pesticides by solid-phase microextraction. Results of a round robin test, Analyst, 1996, 121:1381-1386.
164 A. J. Matich, Solid Phase Microextraction for Quantitative Headspace Sampling of Apple Volatiles, Anal Chem, 1996, 68:4114-4118.
165 G. Moneti, Solid-phase Microextraction of Insect Epicuticular Hydrocarbons for Gas Chromatographic/Mass Spectrometric Analysis, Rapid communications in Mass Spectrometry, 1997, 11:857-862.
166 B. Frerot, Solid-phase microextraction (SPME): A new tool in pheromone identification in lepidoptera, HRC-Journal of High Resolution Chromtography, 1997, 20:340-342.
167 R. Maile, Sampling techniques for gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric analysis of long-chain free fatty acids from insect exocrine glands, J Chromatogr A, 1998, 816:169-175.
168 A. keszler, HRC-Journal of High Resolution Chromtography. Identificationof Volatile Compounds in Sunflower Oil by Headspace SPME and Ion-Trap GC/MS 1998, 21:368-370.
169 Y, Luo, Determination of five benzodiazepines in aqueous solution and biological fluids using solid-phase microextraction with carbowaxTM/DVB fiber coating, J Micro Sep, 1998, 10(2):193-201.
170 L. Nardi, Coupled in-tube SPME-HRGC:a complementary SPME technique to analyze aqueous samples by GC, Am Lab, 2002, 34:30-37.
171 B. C. Dennis, P. J. Marriott, H. K. Lee, P. D. Morrison, In-tube solid phase micro-extraction-gas chromatography of volatile compounds in aqueous solution, Analyst, 1999, 124:651-655.
172 B. Tienpont, F. David, T. Benijts, P. Sandra, Stir bar sorptive extraction-thermal desorption-capillary GC-MS for profiling and target component analysis of pharmaceutical drugs in urine, J Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2003, 32:569-579.
173 B. Tienpont, F. David, C. Bicchi, and P. Sandra, High capacity headspace sorptive extraction , J Microcol Sep, 2000, 12: 577-584.
174 B. Kolahgar, A. Hoffmann, and A.C. Heiden,“Evaluation of the Method of Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction for the Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) in Water Samples,” paper M16, Proceedings of the 25th International Symposium on Capillary Chromatography (IOPMS, Kortrijk, Belgium, CD-ROM, 2002).
175 P. Popp, C. Bauer, and L. Weinrich, Application of a polysiloxane-based extraction method combined with column liquid chromatography to determine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental samples, Anal Chim Acta, 2004, 504:307-312.
176 P. Popp, C. Bauer, L. Weinrich, Application of a polysiloxane-based extraction method combined with column liquid chromatography to determine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental samples, Anal Chim Acta, 2001, 436:1-9.
177 N. Ochiai, K. Sasamoto, M. Takino, S.Yamashita, S. Daishima, A.C. Heiden, and A. Hoffmann, Determination of trace amounts of off-flavor compounds indrinking water by stir bar sorptive extraction and thermal desorption GC-MS, Analyst, 2001, 126:1652-1657.
178 D. Benanou, F. Acobas, M.R. de Roubin, F.David, and P. Sandra, Analysis of off-flavors in the aquatic environment by stir bar sorptive extraction-thermal desorption-capillary GC/MS/olfactormetry, Anal Bioanal Chem, 2003, 376:69-77.
179 J. Vercauteren, C. Pérèz, C. Devos, P. Sandra, F. Vanhaecke, and L. Moens, Stir bar sorptive extraction for the determination of ppq-level traces of organotin compounds in environmental samples with thermal desorption-capillary gas chromatography-ICP mass spectrometry, Anal Chem, 2001, 73:1509-1514.
180 B. Tienpont, F. David, and P. Sandra, Stir bar sorptive extraction-thermal desorption-capillary GC-MS applied to biological fluids, Anal Bioanal Chem, 2002,373:46-55.
181 H.G. Wahl, C. Peterfi, A. Hoffmann, and H.M. Liebich, “Analysis of Drugs in Human Body Fluids by Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction and Thermal Desorption GC/MS,” paper L15, Proceedings of the 23rd International Symposium on Capillary Chromatography (IOPMS, Kortrijk, Belgium, CD-ROM, 2000).
182 B. Tienpont, F. David, T. Benijts, P. Sandra, Stir bar sorptive extraction-thermal desorption-capillary GC-MS for profiling and target component analysis of pharmaceutical drugs in urine J Pharm Biomed Anal, 2003, 32:569-579.
183 H.G. Wahl, C. Peterfi, A. Hoffmann, and H.M. Liebich, “Analysis of Plasticizers and Their Metabolites in Body Fluids and Infusates by Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction and Thermal Desorption GC/MS,” paper D28, Proceedings of the 23rd International Symposium on Capillary Chromatography (IOPMS, Kortrijk, Belgium, CD-ROM, 2000).
184 H.A. Soini, K.E. Bruce, D. Wiesler, and M. Novotny, “Quantification of Volatiles in Mammalian Urine by Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction Techniques and Gas Chromatography,” paper D13, Proceedings of the 25th International Symposium on Capillary Chromatography (IOPMS, Kortrijk, Belgium, CD-ROM, 2002).
185 K. Desmet, P. Kiss, M. De Hertogh, and P. Sandra, “Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Metabolites in Urine Using in-situ Derivatisation Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction–CGC/MS,” paper D13, Proceedings of the 25th International Symposium on Capillary Chromatography (IOPMS, Kortrijk, Belgium,CD-ROM, 2002).
186 T. Benijts, J. Vercammen, R. Dams, H.P. Tuan, W. Lambert, and P. Sandra, Stir bar sorptive extraction–thermal desorption–capillary gas chromatography–mass spectrometry applied to the analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls in human sperm,J Chromatogr B, 2001, 755:137-142.
187 A.G.J. Tredoux, H.H. Lauer, T. Heideman, and P. Sandra, The Determination of Benzoic Acid in Lemon Flavored Beverages by Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction-CGC-MS J. High Resolut Chromatogr, 2000, 23, 644-646.
188 J.C.R. Demyttenaere, C. Dagher, R. Verhé, and P. Sandra, “Flavour Analysis of Greek White Wine Using Solid Phase Microextraction–Capillary GC/MS,” paper P35, Proceedings of the 25th International Symposium on Capillary Chromatography (IOPMS, Kortrijk, Belgium, CD-ROM, 2002).
189 A. Hoffmann and A.C. Heiden, “Determination of Flavor and Off Flavor Compounds in Dairy Products using Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction and Thermal Desorption GC/MSD/PFPD,” paper D34, Proceedings of the 23rd International Symposium on Capillary Chromatography (IOPMS, Kortrijk, Belgium, CD-ROM, 2000).
190 A. Hoffmann, A.C. Heiden, and E. P. fannkoch, “Flavor Profiling of Beverages by Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction and Thermal Desorption GC/MS/PFPD, Part II: Non-Alcoholic Beverages,” paper M33, Proceedings of the 23rd International Symposium on Capillary Chromatography (IOPMS, Kortrijk, Belgium, CD-ROM, 2000).
191 C. Bicchi, C. Cordero, C. Iori, P. Rubiolo, and P. Sandra, “Headspace Sorptive Extraction in the Headspace Analysis of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants,” paper D45, Proceedings of the 23rd International Symposium on Capillary Chromatography (IOPMS, Kortrijk, Belgium, CD-ROM, 2000).
192 P. Sandra, F. David, and J. Vercammen, Advances in Flavours and Fragrances, K.A.D. Swift, Ed. (Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 2002), p. 27.
193 N. Ochiai, K. Sasamoto, M. Takino, S. Yamashita, S. Daishima, A.C. Heiden, and A. Hoffmann, Simultaneous determination of preservatives in beverages, vinegar, aqueous sauces, and quasi-drug drinks by stir-bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), Anal Bioanal Chem, 2002, 373:56-63.
194 A. Hoffmann, W.R. Sponholz, F. David, and P. Sandra, “Corkiness in Wine-Trace Analysis of 2,4,6-Trichloroanisole by Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction and Thermal Desorption GC/MS,” paper D35, Proceedings of the 23rd International Symposium on Capillary Chromatography (IOPMS, Kortrijk, Belgium, CDROM, 2000).
195 F. David, A. Tredoux, E. Baltussen, A. Hoffmann, and P. Sandra, “Determination of Contaminants in Wine Using Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction,” paper M35, Proceedings of the 23rd International Symposium on Capillary Chromatography (IOPMS, Kortrijk, Belgium, CDROM, 2000).
196 C. Bicchi, C. Cordero, C. Iori, P. Rubiolo, and P. Sandra, “Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction in Sample Preparation from Heterogeneous Matrices: Determination of Pesticide Residues in Pear Pulp at ppb Level,” paper D19, Proceedings of the 25th International Symposium on Capillary Chromatography (IOPMS, Kortrijk, Belgium, CD-ROM, 2002).
197 P. Sandra, B. Tienpont, J. Vercammen, A. Tredoux, T. Sandra, and F. David, Stir bar sorptive extraction applied to the determination of dicarboximide fungicides in wine, J Chromatogr A, 2001, 928:117-126.
198 P. Sandra, B. Tienpont, and F. David, Determination of the interconversion energy barrier of enantiomers by separation methods, J Chromatogr A, 2003, 1000, 779-800.
199 S. Nakamura, S. Daishima, Simultaneous determination of 64 pesticides in river water by stir bar sorptive extraction and thermal desorption-gas chromatography mass spectrometry, Anal Bioanal Chem, 2005, 382:99-107.
200 M. Kreck, A. Scharrer, S. Bilke, A. Mosandl, Stir bar sorptive extraction(SBSE)-enantio-MDGC-MS-a rapid method for the enantioselective analysis of chiral flavour compounds in strawberries, Eur Food Res Technol, 2001, 213:389-394.
201 M. Kawaguchi, K. Inoue, M. Yoshimura, H. Nakazawa, Determination of 4-nonylphenol and 4-tert.-oxtylphenol in water samples by stir bar sorptive extraction and thermal desertion-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Anal Bioanal Chem, 2004, 505:217-222.
202 P. Serodio, J. Nogueira, Multi-residue screening of endocrine disrupters chemicals in water samples by stir bar sorptive extraction-liquid desorption-capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry deterction, Anal Bioanal Chem, 2004, 517:21-32.
203 A. D. Villiers, G. Vanhoenacker, P. Sandra, Stir bar sorptive extraction-liquid desorption applied to the analysis of hop-derived bitter acids in beer by micellar electrokinetic chromatography, Electrophoresis, 2004, 25:664-669.
204 C. Bicchi, C. Iori, P. Rubiolo, P. Sandra, Headspace sorptive extraction (HSSE), stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), and solid phase microextraction (SPME) applied to the analysis of roasted Arabica coffee and coffee brew, J Agri Food Chem, 2002, 50:449-459.
205 S. Nakamura, N. Nakamura, S. Ito, Determination of 2-methylisoborneol and geosmin in water by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using stir bar sorptive extraction, J Sep Sci 2001, 24:674-677.
206 N. Ochiai, K. Sasamoto, A. Hoffmann, Determination of stale-flavor carbonyl compounds in beer by stir bar soptive extraction with in-situ derivatization and thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J Chromatogr A, 2003, 986:101-110.
207 C. Blasco, M. Fernandez, Y. Pico, G. Font, Comparison of solid-phase microextraction and stir bar sorptive extraction for determining six organophosphorus insecticides in honey by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, J Chromatogr A, 2004, 1030:77-85.
208 M. Kawaguchi, K. Inoue, H. Nakazawa, Trace analysis of phenolid xenoestrogens in water samples by stir bar sorptive extraction with in situderivatizaion and thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J Chromatogr A, 2004, 1041:19-26.
209 A. Stopforth, A. Tredoux, A. Crouch, P. Sandra, A rapid method of diagnosing pulmonary tuberculsis using stir bar sorptive extraction-thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J Chromatogr A, 2004, 2005,1071:135-139.
210 J. Lambert, W. Mullett, E. Kwong, D. Lubda, Stir bar sorptive extraction based on restricted access material for the direct extraction of caffeine and metabolites in biological fluids, J Chromatogr A, 2005, 1075:43-49.
211 W. M. Liu, H.W. Wang, Y. F. Guan, Preparation of stir bars for sorptive extraction using sol-gel method, J Chromatogr A, 2004, 1045:15-22.
212 W. M. Liu, Y. Hu, J. H. Zhao, Y. Xu, Y. F. Guan, Determination of OPPs in potato and leek by stir bar sorptive extraction, J Chromatogr A, 2006, 1072:1-7.
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112 T. Gorecki, Determination of Tetraethyllead and Inorganic Lead in Water by Solid Phase Microextraction/Gas Chromatography, Anal Chem, 1996, 68:3008-3014.
113 A. A. Boydboland, Solid-Phase Microextraction Coupled with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography for the Determination of Alkylphenol Ethoxylate Surfactants in Water, Anal Chem, 1996, 68:1521-1529.
114 R. C. Hale, Determination of coal tar and creosote constituents in the aquatic environment, J Chromatogr A, 1997, 774:79-95.
115 A. L. Nguyen, Separation and Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Solid Phase Microextraction/Cyclodextrin-Modified Capillary Electrophoresis, Anal Chem, 1997, 69:1726-1731.
116 L. Pan, Derivatization/Solid-Phase Microextraction: New Approach to Polar Analytes, Anal Chem, 1997, 69:196-205.
117 S. Abarshick, Trace Analysis of Explosives in Seawater Using Solid-Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography/Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry, Anal Chem, 1998, 70:3015-3020.
118 M. Llompart, Solid-Phase Microextraction and Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction for the Determination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Water Samples, Anal Chem, 1998, 70:2510-2515.
119 Z. Y. Zhang, Analysis of organic compounds in environmental samples by headspace solid phase microextraction, HRC-Journal of high resolution chromatography , 1993, 16:689-692.
120 P. Popp, Application of solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography with electron-capture and mass spectrometric detection for the determination of hexachlorocyclohexanes in soil solutions, J Chromatogr A, 1994, 687:133-140.
121 K. G. Furtone, A simple, inexpensive, rapid, sensitive and solventless technique for the analysis of accelerants in fire debris based on SPME, HRC-Journal of high resolution chromatography, 1995,18:625-629.
122 C. M. Barshick, Elemental and Organometallic Analyses of Soil Using Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, Rap Communi Mass Spectr. 1996, 10:341-346.
123 A. A. Boydboland, Simultaneous determination of 60 pesticides in water using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, Aanalyst, 1996, 121:929-937.
124 K. J.Hageman, Coupled Subcritical Water Extraction with Solid-Phase Microextraction for Determining Semivolatile Organics in Environmental Solids, Anal Chem, 1996, 68:3892-3898.
125 K. J. Hangeman, Coupled Subcritical Water Extraction with Solid-Phase Microextraction for Determining Semivolatile Organics in Environmental Solids, Anal Chem, 1997, 69:801-801.
126 F. J. Santos, Analysis of chlorobenzenes in soils by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry, J Chromatogr A, 1997, 771:181-189.
117 M. Moder, Characterization of water-soluble components of slurries using solid-phase microextraction coupled to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, J Micro Sep, 1998, 10:225-234.
128 M. R. Lee. Solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for determining chlorophenols from landfill leaches and soil, J Chromatogr A, 1998, 806:317-324.
129 T. J. Clark. Quantitative Determination of Phenols in Mainstream Smoke with Solid-Phase Microextraction–Gas Chromatography–Selected Ion Monitoring Mass Spectrometry , J Chromatographic Sci, 1996, 34:272-275.
130 M. Chai, Determination of volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons in air and water with solid-phase microextraction, Analyst, 1993, 118:1501-1505.
131 D. Gorlo, Calibration procedure for solid phase microextraction—gas chromatographic analysis of organic vapours in air, Talanta, 1997, 44:1543-1550.
132 M. Emccomb, Microextraction of volatile organic compounds using the inside needle capillary adsorption trap (INCAT) device, Talanta, 1997, 44:2137-2143.
133 P. Popp, Solid phase microextraction of volatile organic compounds using Carboxen-polydimethylsiloxane fibers, Chromatographia, 1997, 46:419-424.
134 P. Amartos. Estimation of Air/Coating Distribution Coefficients for Solid Phase Microextraction Using Retention Indexes from Linear Temperature-Programmed Capillary Gas Chromatography. Application to theSampling and Analysis of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Air, Anal Chem, 1997, 69:402-408.
135 L. Pan, Derivatization/Solid-Phase Microextraction: New Approach to Polar Analytes, Anal Chem, 1997, 69:196-205.
136 S. B. Hawthorne, Solventless determination of caffeine in beverages using solid-phase microextraction with fused-silica fibers, J Chromatogr, 1992,603:185-191.
137 J. C. Wu, W. Xie, J. Pawliszyn, Automated in-tube solid phase microextraction coupled with HPLC-ES-MS for the determination of catechins and caffeine in tea. Analyst, 2000, 125: 2216-2222.
138 B. D. Page, Application of solid-phase microextraction to the headspace gas chromatographic analysis of halogenated volatiles in selected foods, J Chromatogr, 1993, 648:199-211.
139 A. J. Maich, Solid Phase Microextraction for Quantitative Headspace Sampling of Apple Volatiles, Anal Chem, 1996, 68:4114-4118.
140 H. Verhoeven, SPME: artifact formation and its avoidance, Chromatographia. 1997, 46:63-66.
141 T. J. Clark, Determination of Volatile Acids in Tobacco, Tea, and Coffee Using Derivatization–Purge and Trap Gas Chromatography–Selected Ion Monitoring Mass Spectrometry, J Chromatogr Sci, 1997, 35:209-212.
142 S. S. Yang, Determination of alkaloids using solid phase microtraction and GC-NPD, Chromatographia, 1998, 47:443-448.
143 D. D. L. C. Garcia. Analysis of Wine Bouquet Components Using Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction-Capillary Gas Chromatography, J HRC-Journal of High Resolution Chromtography. 1998, 21:373-377.
144 M. M.estres, Headspace solid-phase microextraction analysis of volatile sulphides and disulphides in wine aroma, J Chromatogr A, 1998, 808:211-218.
145 N. P. Sen, Rapid semi-quantitative estimation of N-nitrosodibutylamine and N-nitrosodibenzylamine in smoked hams by solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography-thermal energy analysis, J Chromatogr A, 1997, 788:131-140.
146 D. D. C. Garcia, Separation of metal cations in acidic solution by capillary electrophoresis with direct and indirect UV detection, HRC-Journal of High Resolution Chromtography, 1997, 20:665-668.
147 A. Keszler, Identification of Volatile Compounds in Sunflower Oil by Headspace SPME and Ion-Trap GC/MS, HRC-Journal of High Resolution Chromtography, 1998, 21:368-370.
148 Y. W. Wang, Solid phase microextraction associated with microwave assisted extraction of food products, HRC-Journal of High Resolution Chromtography, 1997, 20:213-216.
149 M. Chiarotti, Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and gas-chromatographic analysis of anorectic compounds in human urine, J Microcol Sep, 1997, 9:249-252.
150 H.L. Lord, Method Optimization for the Analysis of Amphetamines in Urine by Solid-Phase Microextraction, Anal Chem, 1997, 69:3899-3906.
151 C. Battu, Screening Procedure for 21 Amphetamine-Related Compounds in Urine Using Solid-Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry, J Chromatogr Sci, 1998, 36:1-7.
152 M. Moder, Determination of urinary acylcarnitines by ESI-MS coupled with solid-phase microextraction (SPME), J. Mass. Sepctro. 1997, 32:1195-1204.
153 D. A. Volmer, Rapid determination of corticosteroids in urine by combined solid phase microextraction/liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, Rapid Communications Mass Spectro. 1997, 11:1926-1934.
154 X. P. Lee, Detection of organophosphate pesticides in human bodyfluids by HS-SPME and capillary GC with nitrogen-phosphorates detection, Chromatographia. 1996, 42:135-140.
155 P. Okeyo, Analysis of steroids from human serum by SPME with headspace derivatization and GC/MS,HRC-Journal of High Resolution Chromtography, 1997, 20:171-173.
156 Y. Luo, Determination of five benzodiazepines in aqueous solution and biological fluids using solid-phase microextraction with Carbowax TM/DVB fiber coating, J Micro Sep, 1998, 10:193-201.
157 K. Takekawa, Analysis of cyanide in blood by headspace solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography. Chromatographia, 1998, 47:209-214.
158 L. S. Debruin, Solid-Phase Microextraction of Monocyclic Aromatic Amines from Biological Fluids, Anal Chem, 1998, 70:1986-1992.
159 B. J. Hall, Determination of Cannabinoids in Water and Human Saliva by Solid-Phase Microextraction and Quadrupole Ion Trap Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, Anal. Chem. 1998, 70:1788-1796.
160 C. Grote, Solid-Phase Microextraction for the Analysis of Human Breath, Anal Chem, 1997, 69:587-596.
161 Y. Cai, Determination of methylmercury in fish and river water samples using in situ sodium tetraethylborate derivatization following by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J Chromatogr A, 1995, 696(1):113-122.
162 C. Malosse, Solid-phase microextraction, an alternative method for the study of airborne insect pheromones (Metamasius hemipterus, coleoptera, curculionidae), HRC-Journal of High Resolution Chromtography, 1995, 18:669-670.
163 T. Gorecki, Pesticides by solid-phase microextraction. Results of a round robin test, Analyst, 1996, 121:1381-1386.
164 A. J. Matich, Solid Phase Microextraction for Quantitative Headspace Sampling of Apple Volatiles, Anal Chem, 1996, 68:4114-4118.
165 G. Moneti, Solid-phase Microextraction of Insect Epicuticular Hydrocarbons for Gas Chromatographic/Mass Spectrometric Analysis, Rapid communications in Mass Spectrometry, 1997, 11:857-862.
166 B. Frerot, Solid-phase microextraction (SPME): A new tool in pheromone identification in lepidoptera, HRC-Journal of High Resolution Chromtography, 1997, 20:340-342.
167 R. Maile, Sampling techniques for gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric analysis of long-chain free fatty acids from insect exocrine glands, J Chromatogr A, 1998, 816:169-175.
168 A. keszler, HRC-Journal of High Resolution Chromtography. Identificationof Volatile Compounds in Sunflower Oil by Headspace SPME and Ion-Trap GC/MS 1998, 21:368-370.
169 Y, Luo, Determination of five benzodiazepines in aqueous solution and biological fluids using solid-phase microextraction with carbowaxTM/DVB fiber coating, J Micro Sep, 1998, 10(2):193-201.
170 L. Nardi, Coupled in-tube SPME-HRGC:a complementary SPME technique to analyze aqueous samples by GC, Am Lab, 2002, 34:30-37.
171 B. C. Dennis, P. J. Marriott, H. K. Lee, P. D. Morrison, In-tube solid phase micro-extraction-gas chromatography of volatile compounds in aqueous solution, Analyst, 1999, 124:651-655.
172 B. Tienpont, F. David, T. Benijts, P. Sandra, Stir bar sorptive extraction-thermal desorption-capillary GC-MS for profiling and target component analysis of pharmaceutical drugs in urine, J Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2003, 32:569-579.
173 B. Tienpont, F. David, C. Bicchi, and P. Sandra, High capacity headspace sorptive extraction , J Microcol Sep, 2000, 12: 577-584.
174 B. Kolahgar, A. Hoffmann, and A.C. Heiden,“Evaluation of the Method of Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction for the Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) in Water Samples,” paper M16, Proceedings of the 25th International Symposium on Capillary Chromatography (IOPMS, Kortrijk, Belgium, CD-ROM, 2002).
175 P. Popp, C. Bauer, and L. Weinrich, Application of a polysiloxane-based extraction method combined with column liquid chromatography to determine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental samples, Anal Chim Acta, 2004, 504:307-312.
176 P. Popp, C. Bauer, L. Weinrich, Application of a polysiloxane-based extraction method combined with column liquid chromatography to determine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental samples, Anal Chim Acta, 2001, 436:1-9.
177 N. Ochiai, K. Sasamoto, M. Takino, S.Yamashita, S. Daishima, A.C. Heiden, and A. Hoffmann, Determination of trace amounts of off-flavor compounds indrinking water by stir bar sorptive extraction and thermal desorption GC-MS, Analyst, 2001, 126:1652-1657.
178 D. Benanou, F. Acobas, M.R. de Roubin, F.David, and P. Sandra, Analysis of off-flavors in the aquatic environment by stir bar sorptive extraction-thermal desorption-capillary GC/MS/olfactormetry, Anal Bioanal Chem, 2003, 376:69-77.
179 J. Vercauteren, C. Pérèz, C. Devos, P. Sandra, F. Vanhaecke, and L. Moens, Stir bar sorptive extraction for the determination of ppq-level traces of organotin compounds in environmental samples with thermal desorption-capillary gas chromatography-ICP mass spectrometry, Anal Chem, 2001, 73:1509-1514.
180 B. Tienpont, F. David, and P. Sandra, Stir bar sorptive extraction-thermal desorption-capillary GC-MS applied to biological fluids, Anal Bioanal Chem, 2002,373:46-55.
181 H.G. Wahl, C. Peterfi, A. Hoffmann, and H.M. Liebich, “Analysis of Drugs in Human Body Fluids by Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction and Thermal Desorption GC/MS,” paper L15, Proceedings of the 23rd International Symposium on Capillary Chromatography (IOPMS, Kortrijk, Belgium, CD-ROM, 2000).
182 B. Tienpont, F. David, T. Benijts, P. Sandra, Stir bar sorptive extraction-thermal desorption-capillary GC-MS for profiling and target component analysis of pharmaceutical drugs in urine J Pharm Biomed Anal, 2003, 32:569-579.
183 H.G. Wahl, C. Peterfi, A. Hoffmann, and H.M. Liebich, “Analysis of Plasticizers and Their Metabolites in Body Fluids and Infusates by Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction and Thermal Desorption GC/MS,” paper D28, Proceedings of the 23rd International Symposium on Capillary Chromatography (IOPMS, Kortrijk, Belgium, CD-ROM, 2000).
184 H.A. Soini, K.E. Bruce, D. Wiesler, and M. Novotny, “Quantification of Volatiles in Mammalian Urine by Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction Techniques and Gas Chromatography,” paper D13, Proceedings of the 25th International Symposium on Capillary Chromatography (IOPMS, Kortrijk, Belgium, CD-ROM, 2002).
185 K. Desmet, P. Kiss, M. De Hertogh, and P. Sandra, “Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Metabolites in Urine Using in-situ Derivatisation Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction–CGC/MS,” paper D13, Proceedings of the 25th International Symposium on Capillary Chromatography (IOPMS, Kortrijk, Belgium,CD-ROM, 2002).
186 T. Benijts, J. Vercammen, R. Dams, H.P. Tuan, W. Lambert, and P. Sandra, Stir bar sorptive extraction–thermal desorption–capillary gas chromatography–mass spectrometry applied to the analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls in human sperm,J Chromatogr B, 2001, 755:137-142.
187 A.G.J. Tredoux, H.H. Lauer, T. Heideman, and P. Sandra, The Determination of Benzoic Acid in Lemon Flavored Beverages by Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction-CGC-MS J. High Resolut Chromatogr, 2000, 23, 644-646.
188 J.C.R. Demyttenaere, C. Dagher, R. Verhé, and P. Sandra, “Flavour Analysis of Greek White Wine Using Solid Phase Microextraction–Capillary GC/MS,” paper P35, Proceedings of the 25th International Symposium on Capillary Chromatography (IOPMS, Kortrijk, Belgium, CD-ROM, 2002).
189 A. Hoffmann and A.C. Heiden, “Determination of Flavor and Off Flavor Compounds in Dairy Products using Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction and Thermal Desorption GC/MSD/PFPD,” paper D34, Proceedings of the 23rd International Symposium on Capillary Chromatography (IOPMS, Kortrijk, Belgium, CD-ROM, 2000).
190 A. Hoffmann, A.C. Heiden, and E. P. fannkoch, “Flavor Profiling of Beverages by Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction and Thermal Desorption GC/MS/PFPD, Part II: Non-Alcoholic Beverages,” paper M33, Proceedings of the 23rd International Symposium on Capillary Chromatography (IOPMS, Kortrijk, Belgium, CD-ROM, 2000).
191 C. Bicchi, C. Cordero, C. Iori, P. Rubiolo, and P. Sandra, “Headspace Sorptive Extraction in the Headspace Analysis of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants,” paper D45, Proceedings of the 23rd International Symposium on Capillary Chromatography (IOPMS, Kortrijk, Belgium, CD-ROM, 2000).
192 P. Sandra, F. David, and J. Vercammen, Advances in Flavours and Fragrances, K.A.D. Swift, Ed. (Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 2002), p. 27.
193 N. Ochiai, K. Sasamoto, M. Takino, S. Yamashita, S. Daishima, A.C. Heiden, and A. Hoffmann, Simultaneous determination of preservatives in beverages, vinegar, aqueous sauces, and quasi-drug drinks by stir-bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), Anal Bioanal Chem, 2002, 373:56-63.
194 A. Hoffmann, W.R. Sponholz, F. David, and P. Sandra, “Corkiness in Wine-Trace Analysis of 2,4,6-Trichloroanisole by Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction and Thermal Desorption GC/MS,” paper D35, Proceedings of the 23rd International Symposium on Capillary Chromatography (IOPMS, Kortrijk, Belgium, CDROM, 2000).
195 F. David, A. Tredoux, E. Baltussen, A. Hoffmann, and P. Sandra, “Determination of Contaminants in Wine Using Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction,” paper M35, Proceedings of the 23rd International Symposium on Capillary Chromatography (IOPMS, Kortrijk, Belgium, CDROM, 2000).
196 C. Bicchi, C. Cordero, C. Iori, P. Rubiolo, and P. Sandra, “Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction in Sample Preparation from Heterogeneous Matrices: Determination of Pesticide Residues in Pear Pulp at ppb Level,” paper D19, Proceedings of the 25th International Symposium on Capillary Chromatography (IOPMS, Kortrijk, Belgium, CD-ROM, 2002).
197 P. Sandra, B. Tienpont, J. Vercammen, A. Tredoux, T. Sandra, and F. David, Stir bar sorptive extraction applied to the determination of dicarboximide fungicides in wine, J Chromatogr A, 2001, 928:117-126.
198 P. Sandra, B. Tienpont, and F. David, Determination of the interconversion energy barrier of enantiomers by separation methods, J Chromatogr A, 2003, 1000, 779-800.
199 S. Nakamura, S. Daishima, Simultaneous determination of 64 pesticides in river water by stir bar sorptive extraction and thermal desorption-gas chromatography mass spectrometry, Anal Bioanal Chem, 2005, 382:99-107.
200 M. Kreck, A. Scharrer, S. Bilke, A. Mosandl, Stir bar sorptive extraction(SBSE)-enantio-MDGC-MS-a rapid method for the enantioselective analysis of chiral flavour compounds in strawberries, Eur Food Res Technol, 2001, 213:389-394.
201 M. Kawaguchi, K. Inoue, M. Yoshimura, H. Nakazawa, Determination of 4-nonylphenol and 4-tert.-oxtylphenol in water samples by stir bar sorptive extraction and thermal desertion-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Anal Bioanal Chem, 2004, 505:217-222.
202 P. Serodio, J. Nogueira, Multi-residue screening of endocrine disrupters chemicals in water samples by stir bar sorptive extraction-liquid desorption-capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry deterction, Anal Bioanal Chem, 2004, 517:21-32.
203 A. D. Villiers, G. Vanhoenacker, P. Sandra, Stir bar sorptive extraction-liquid desorption applied to the analysis of hop-derived bitter acids in beer by micellar electrokinetic chromatography, Electrophoresis, 2004, 25:664-669.
204 C. Bicchi, C. Iori, P. Rubiolo, P. Sandra, Headspace sorptive extraction (HSSE), stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), and solid phase microextraction (SPME) applied to the analysis of roasted Arabica coffee and coffee brew, J Agri Food Chem, 2002, 50:449-459.
205 S. Nakamura, N. Nakamura, S. Ito, Determination of 2-methylisoborneol and geosmin in water by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using stir bar sorptive extraction, J Sep Sci 2001, 24:674-677.
206 N. Ochiai, K. Sasamoto, A. Hoffmann, Determination of stale-flavor carbonyl compounds in beer by stir bar soptive extraction with in-situ derivatization and thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J Chromatogr A, 2003, 986:101-110.
207 C. Blasco, M. Fernandez, Y. Pico, G. Font, Comparison of solid-phase microextraction and stir bar sorptive extraction for determining six organophosphorus insecticides in honey by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, J Chromatogr A, 2004, 1030:77-85.
208 M. Kawaguchi, K. Inoue, H. Nakazawa, Trace analysis of phenolid xenoestrogens in water samples by stir bar sorptive extraction with in situderivatizaion and thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J Chromatogr A, 2004, 1041:19-26.
209 A. Stopforth, A. Tredoux, A. Crouch, P. Sandra, A rapid method of diagnosing pulmonary tuberculsis using stir bar sorptive extraction-thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J Chromatogr A, 2004, 2005,1071:135-139.
210 J. Lambert, W. Mullett, E. Kwong, D. Lubda, Stir bar sorptive extraction based on restricted access material for the direct extraction of caffeine and metabolites in biological fluids, J Chromatogr A, 2005, 1075:43-49.
211 W. M. Liu, H.W. Wang, Y. F. Guan, Preparation of stir bars for sorptive extraction using sol-gel method, J Chromatogr A, 2004, 1045:15-22.
212 W. M. Liu, Y. Hu, J. H. Zhao, Y. Xu, Y. F. Guan, Determination of OPPs in potato and leek by stir bar sorptive extraction, J Chromatogr A, 2006, 1072:1-7.
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