超滤反渗透技术用于炼油污水深度处理的研究
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摘要
为解决目前炼油企业水资源短缺问题同时降低炼油企业外排污水对环境的污染,本次研究以大港石化公司经过三级处理达标排放的污水为处理对象,对其进行水质分析及现场中试的深度处理研究,提出了一条以超滤-反渗透工艺为核心的炼油污水深度处理新工艺,该工艺可将炼油企业二级外排污水处理达到工业循环冷却水补充水的指标要求。
文章共分四个部分:第一部分介绍了国内外污水回用的发展状况,并对石化污水的回用进行了可行性分析,阐述了本课题研究的主要目的、内容及意义。并针对中国石油股份公司大港石化分公司污水回用的现状,根据我公司回用水水质情况,通过对目前比较成熟的水处理除盐工艺技术的分析、比较、论证,确定了采用超滤反渗透技术对回用水进行除盐的可行性;第二部分介绍了大港石化公司原污水回用的情况;第三部分为超滤反渗透技术的试验及应用部分,从理论上对超滤反渗透的原理和机理进行详细的介绍,在公司现场,通过微型流程,对反渗透的预处理工艺超滤装置进行中试试验,对超滤前后的水质指标各个参数的变化进行分析讨论,证明此技术的可行性;工业应用结果是超滤反渗透工艺的组合应用,使出水各项指标都符合循环冷却水补充水的标准,除盐出水进入公司循环水和新鲜水系统,取得了良好的预期效果,为公司节约了大量水耗;第四部分为结论部分,超滤反渗透用于大港石化公司污水深度处理是可行的,但在运行中也存在一些问题,针对这些问题提出建议。
To solve the problem of water resources shortage and reduce the environmental pollution caused by the discharged waste in the refinery, a research of advanced wastewater treatment process was carried out in the trial-scale test. The aim of the research was to develop an advanced treatment process based on the core technique of ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis treatment for the refinery waste. This technique took the secondary effluent of oil refinery attained the national discharge standards as the test wastewater and made it to meet the quality demand of supplementary water for the industrial circular cooling water .
The article included four parts. First, development of reuse of waste was introduced at home and abroad and the meaning of reuse of waste is set forth. Also, a few of technologies about dispose of waste in recent years were interpreted from the means and mechanism of dispose of waste. In view of current situation of dispose of waste in Dagang petrochemical company of petrochina company limited, according to the quality of reuse water in our company, by means of analysis, comparation, expound and prove of more ripe technologies of salt-removing, the feasibility of adopting super-filter anti-osmosis to removing salts in reusewater. Secondly, the current situation of waste in Dagang Petroleum Company is introduced. Thirdly, ultrafiltration and anti-seepage technology experiment and it’s application were discussed. combination of ultrafiltration and anti-seepage technology is described. In this part, the principle and mechanism of ultrafiltration-reverse osmosis is introduced in detail. With the practica micro flow, A pilot test with anti-seepage technology was carried out. The result showed that it was feasible with the comparation of water-quality index change. So ultrafiltration and anti-seepage technology were compositedly applied to meet the quality standard index of recirculated cooling water and desalinated-water was discharged into the pipe network of circulating water and fresh water which meeted predetermined effect. Forthly, the results are summarized. The results showed that it was feasible to used the ultrafiltration and anti-seepage technology for sewage treatment. But there were still some problem which need to be solved. So some advices were gived.
文章共分四个部分:第一部分介绍了国内外污水回用的发展状况,并对石化污水的回用进行了可行性分析,阐述了本课题研究的主要目的、内容及意义。并针对中国石油股份公司大港石化分公司污水回用的现状,根据我公司回用水水质情况,通过对目前比较成熟的水处理除盐工艺技术的分析、比较、论证,确定了采用超滤反渗透技术对回用水进行除盐的可行性;第二部分介绍了大港石化公司原污水回用的情况;第三部分为超滤反渗透技术的试验及应用部分,从理论上对超滤反渗透的原理和机理进行详细的介绍,在公司现场,通过微型流程,对反渗透的预处理工艺超滤装置进行中试试验,对超滤前后的水质指标各个参数的变化进行分析讨论,证明此技术的可行性;工业应用结果是超滤反渗透工艺的组合应用,使出水各项指标都符合循环冷却水补充水的标准,除盐出水进入公司循环水和新鲜水系统,取得了良好的预期效果,为公司节约了大量水耗;第四部分为结论部分,超滤反渗透用于大港石化公司污水深度处理是可行的,但在运行中也存在一些问题,针对这些问题提出建议。
To solve the problem of water resources shortage and reduce the environmental pollution caused by the discharged waste in the refinery, a research of advanced wastewater treatment process was carried out in the trial-scale test. The aim of the research was to develop an advanced treatment process based on the core technique of ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis treatment for the refinery waste. This technique took the secondary effluent of oil refinery attained the national discharge standards as the test wastewater and made it to meet the quality demand of supplementary water for the industrial circular cooling water .
The article included four parts. First, development of reuse of waste was introduced at home and abroad and the meaning of reuse of waste is set forth. Also, a few of technologies about dispose of waste in recent years were interpreted from the means and mechanism of dispose of waste. In view of current situation of dispose of waste in Dagang petrochemical company of petrochina company limited, according to the quality of reuse water in our company, by means of analysis, comparation, expound and prove of more ripe technologies of salt-removing, the feasibility of adopting super-filter anti-osmosis to removing salts in reusewater. Secondly, the current situation of waste in Dagang Petroleum Company is introduced. Thirdly, ultrafiltration and anti-seepage technology experiment and it’s application were discussed. combination of ultrafiltration and anti-seepage technology is described. In this part, the principle and mechanism of ultrafiltration-reverse osmosis is introduced in detail. With the practica micro flow, A pilot test with anti-seepage technology was carried out. The result showed that it was feasible with the comparation of water-quality index change. So ultrafiltration and anti-seepage technology were compositedly applied to meet the quality standard index of recirculated cooling water and desalinated-water was discharged into the pipe network of circulating water and fresh water which meeted predetermined effect. Forthly, the results are summarized. The results showed that it was feasible to used the ultrafiltration and anti-seepage technology for sewage treatment. But there were still some problem which need to be solved. So some advices were gived.
引文
[1]雷乐天,杨岳平,李伟主编.《污水回用新技术及工程设计》-城市污水回用技术及工程设计.北京:化学工业出版社,2002
[2]张雅玲,邵辉煌,方先金.国内外污水回用的发展状况及发展方向,2002年中国环境工程领域回顾与展望研讨会,2002
[3]包晨雷.中水回用的现状和发展趋势.上海建设科技,2004,(2):14～15
[4]乔映宾.节水减排刻不容缓.当代石油石化,2001,9(3):1～42
[5]黄飞,王学文,余德广,等.中国石油天然气股份公司用水现状及节水展望.石化企业管理,2001,(9):34～36
[6]康守方,闫光绪,马学良.炼厂污水的回用及发展趋势.化学工程,2001,29(1):41～44
[7]王嘉麟,赵虎仁.关于炼化企业水资源利用的几点思考.油气田环境保护,2001,11(9):18～21
[8]吉林石化污水处理厂污水回用一举多得.化工科技,2000,8(5):23～24
[9]马家骅.化工、化纤污水处理及回用.工业用水及污水,2001,32(3):26～31
[10]吴振烈.节约用水,污水资源化是提高企业经济效益的有效途径.油气田环境保护,2001,11(4):1～26
[11]张德义.保护淡水资源实现可持续发展.石油化工环境保护,1999,22(1):1～8
[12]李本高.循环冷却水处理技术面临新的形势和挑战.石油化工环境保护,2001,24(1):60～63
[13]吴潮汉,徐军,潘宏南,等.炼油厂外排污水直接回用于循环水工业运行.工业水处理,2002,22(8):60～62
[14]黄新泉,尹学飞,祁世民.炼油厂循环水水质改进研究.全面腐蚀控制,2002,16(4):16～19
[15]李强,吴芳云,陈进富,等.炼油厂外排污水回用于循环水.油气田环境保护,2001,11(4):13～16
[16]吕红,魏存发,梁宝锋,等.大化肥循环水系统腐蚀率高的原因剖析.石化技术与应用,2000,18(6):362～366
[17]张志东,陈荔.浅析我厂循环水系统腐蚀原因及处理.化肥工业,2000,27(2):57～58
[18]徐宝成,张晓枫.石化企业污水深度处理及回用研究.油气田环境保护,2001,11(4):34～39
[19]郭洪明.炼油污水净化回用工业试验综述.油气田环境保护,2001,11(3):24～26
[20]郭金富,孙成忠,崔志新,等.石油化工污水回用的实践研究.长春工程学院学报(自然科学版),2001,2(3):15～17
[21]何群彪,屈计宁,陈洪斌.炼化污水回用的深度处理技术研究进展.河南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2002,30(4):62～65
[22]雷乐成,汪大翚.水处理高级氧化技术.北京:化学工业出版社,2001:8～9
[23] Kazs J. Oaone and Chlorine Dixode Technology for Disinfection of Drinking Water. Noyes Data Corporation,U.S.A 1980:164～231
[24]朱光译.臭氧技术及应用手册.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1991:254～285
[25]刘存礼译.臭氧化法水处理工艺学.北京:清华大学出版社,1987:29～41
[26]赵国华,谢栋.高浓度臭氧用于污水处理的研究.工业水处理,2002,22(9):1～4
[27] Masterton W. L., Slowinski E. J.. Chemical Principles. W.B.Saundes,1995:180～183
[28]李来胜,祝万鹏,李中和.催化臭氧化吸附技术去除难降解污染物.中国给水排水,2002,18(5):23～25
[29]中国环境优先监测研究课题组编.环境优先污染物.北京:中国环境科学出版社,1989:11～15
[30]陈云霞,游静,梁冰,等.混合吸附剂富集/热脱附/气相色谱分析石油化工污水中挥发性有机污染物.分析化学,2000,19(1):262～265
[31]仁丽,王国俊.离线超临界流体萃取和气相色谱-红外-质谱联用测定水中有机污染物.色谱,1998,16(3):238～240
[32] McClenny W. A.,Colon M. J Chromatogr A,1998,813:101～111
[33]刘刚,梅教宗,刘发强,等.超声波在废水处理中的应用研究.化工科技,2000;8(5):55～59
[34] Sulick K. S., Hammerton D. A., ClineR E. Jr. Thesono-chemical hotspot.J.Am.Chem. Soc,1986,108(17):5641～5642
[35] Sulick K. S. . Sonochemistry. Science,1990,247(4949):1439～1445
[36]冯若,李化茂.声化学及其应用.合肥:安徽科学技术出版社,1992:72～78
[37] Terese M. O., Philippe F. B.. Oxidation kinetics of nature lorganicm atter by sonlysisan sozone. Water Reserch.,1994,28(6):1383～1391
[38] Edivin J.. Sonolysis of ozone in aqueous solution. J.Phychem,1986,90(14):3061～3062
[39] Dahi E.. Phsyicochemical aspcts of disinfection of water by means of ultrasound and ozone. WaterReserch,1976,10:677～684
[40]郑兴灿,李亚新.污水除磷脱氮技术.中国建筑工业出版社,1998:165～191
[41]谢炜平.废水中氨氮的去除和利用.环境导报,1999,(1):14～15
[42]赵瑞华,凌开成,张永奇.电渗析废水处理技术.太原理工大学学报,2000,11(6):721～724
[43]朱雅杰,汪战林.催化氧化法在工业废水处理中的应用.兰化科技,1997,15(1):63～67
[44]李可彬,金士道.液膜法去除废水中的氨氮污染.环境科学学报,1996,16(4):412～417
[45]生物脱氮技术.国家环境保护局科技标准司编,1992:10～11
[46]郑平,胡宝兰.生物脱氮技术的研究进展.环境污染与防治,1997,19(4):25～28
[2]张雅玲,邵辉煌,方先金.国内外污水回用的发展状况及发展方向,2002年中国环境工程领域回顾与展望研讨会,2002
[3]包晨雷.中水回用的现状和发展趋势.上海建设科技,2004,(2):14～15
[4]乔映宾.节水减排刻不容缓.当代石油石化,2001,9(3):1～42
[5]黄飞,王学文,余德广,等.中国石油天然气股份公司用水现状及节水展望.石化企业管理,2001,(9):34～36
[6]康守方,闫光绪,马学良.炼厂污水的回用及发展趋势.化学工程,2001,29(1):41～44
[7]王嘉麟,赵虎仁.关于炼化企业水资源利用的几点思考.油气田环境保护,2001,11(9):18～21
[8]吉林石化污水处理厂污水回用一举多得.化工科技,2000,8(5):23～24
[9]马家骅.化工、化纤污水处理及回用.工业用水及污水,2001,32(3):26～31
[10]吴振烈.节约用水,污水资源化是提高企业经济效益的有效途径.油气田环境保护,2001,11(4):1～26
[11]张德义.保护淡水资源实现可持续发展.石油化工环境保护,1999,22(1):1～8
[12]李本高.循环冷却水处理技术面临新的形势和挑战.石油化工环境保护,2001,24(1):60～63
[13]吴潮汉,徐军,潘宏南,等.炼油厂外排污水直接回用于循环水工业运行.工业水处理,2002,22(8):60～62
[14]黄新泉,尹学飞,祁世民.炼油厂循环水水质改进研究.全面腐蚀控制,2002,16(4):16～19
[15]李强,吴芳云,陈进富,等.炼油厂外排污水回用于循环水.油气田环境保护,2001,11(4):13～16
[16]吕红,魏存发,梁宝锋,等.大化肥循环水系统腐蚀率高的原因剖析.石化技术与应用,2000,18(6):362～366
[17]张志东,陈荔.浅析我厂循环水系统腐蚀原因及处理.化肥工业,2000,27(2):57～58
[18]徐宝成,张晓枫.石化企业污水深度处理及回用研究.油气田环境保护,2001,11(4):34～39
[19]郭洪明.炼油污水净化回用工业试验综述.油气田环境保护,2001,11(3):24～26
[20]郭金富,孙成忠,崔志新,等.石油化工污水回用的实践研究.长春工程学院学报(自然科学版),2001,2(3):15～17
[21]何群彪,屈计宁,陈洪斌.炼化污水回用的深度处理技术研究进展.河南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2002,30(4):62～65
[22]雷乐成,汪大翚.水处理高级氧化技术.北京:化学工业出版社,2001:8～9
[23] Kazs J. Oaone and Chlorine Dixode Technology for Disinfection of Drinking Water. Noyes Data Corporation,U.S.A 1980:164～231
[24]朱光译.臭氧技术及应用手册.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1991:254～285
[25]刘存礼译.臭氧化法水处理工艺学.北京:清华大学出版社,1987:29～41
[26]赵国华,谢栋.高浓度臭氧用于污水处理的研究.工业水处理,2002,22(9):1～4
[27] Masterton W. L., Slowinski E. J.. Chemical Principles. W.B.Saundes,1995:180～183
[28]李来胜,祝万鹏,李中和.催化臭氧化吸附技术去除难降解污染物.中国给水排水,2002,18(5):23～25
[29]中国环境优先监测研究课题组编.环境优先污染物.北京:中国环境科学出版社,1989:11～15
[30]陈云霞,游静,梁冰,等.混合吸附剂富集/热脱附/气相色谱分析石油化工污水中挥发性有机污染物.分析化学,2000,19(1):262～265
[31]仁丽,王国俊.离线超临界流体萃取和气相色谱-红外-质谱联用测定水中有机污染物.色谱,1998,16(3):238～240
[32] McClenny W. A.,Colon M. J Chromatogr A,1998,813:101～111
[33]刘刚,梅教宗,刘发强,等.超声波在废水处理中的应用研究.化工科技,2000;8(5):55～59
[34] Sulick K. S., Hammerton D. A., ClineR E. Jr. Thesono-chemical hotspot.J.Am.Chem. Soc,1986,108(17):5641～5642
[35] Sulick K. S. . Sonochemistry. Science,1990,247(4949):1439～1445
[36]冯若,李化茂.声化学及其应用.合肥:安徽科学技术出版社,1992:72～78
[37] Terese M. O., Philippe F. B.. Oxidation kinetics of nature lorganicm atter by sonlysisan sozone. Water Reserch.,1994,28(6):1383～1391
[38] Edivin J.. Sonolysis of ozone in aqueous solution. J.Phychem,1986,90(14):3061～3062
[39] Dahi E.. Phsyicochemical aspcts of disinfection of water by means of ultrasound and ozone. WaterReserch,1976,10:677～684
[40]郑兴灿,李亚新.污水除磷脱氮技术.中国建筑工业出版社,1998:165～191
[41]谢炜平.废水中氨氮的去除和利用.环境导报,1999,(1):14～15
[42]赵瑞华,凌开成,张永奇.电渗析废水处理技术.太原理工大学学报,2000,11(6):721～724
[43]朱雅杰,汪战林.催化氧化法在工业废水处理中的应用.兰化科技,1997,15(1):63～67
[44]李可彬,金士道.液膜法去除废水中的氨氮污染.环境科学学报,1996,16(4):412～417
[45]生物脱氮技术.国家环境保护局科技标准司编,1992:10～11
[46]郑平,胡宝兰.生物脱氮技术的研究进展.环境污染与防治,1997,19(4):25～28