武广线韶关段某岩溶隧道涌（突）水量预测及对施工影响评价
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摘要
隧道突水因其爆发突然,危害性大,难以控制和预测,在工程施工中是一项棘手的问题,为了保证隧道施工和运营过程中的安全,对其预测已经成了目前重要并且亟待解决的科研课题,因此对隧道尤其是岩溶隧道的突水预测研究具有很重要的实际意义。
隧道的突水预测首先要明确隧道地区的工程地质条件和水文地质特征,对隧址附近的岩溶灾害点做出统计分类,以及设置水文地质观测点记录隧道开挖过程中的各项指标的变化。隧道突水取决于地质因素,地层岩性是充分条件,隧道通过断层带,褶皱地段和节理裂隙发育的地区都有可能产生突水,而突水量的大小则是由水文地质条件决定的,地区降雨量大,地表水系统发达,地下水岩溶系统发育程度较高,以及地下水侵蚀性强都能大大增加突水发生的几率。
突水量的预测精度关键在于不同的地质条件选取不同的方法,不同的开挖方式同样也会影响到突水的预测。相似比拟法、水均衡法、数值法等是比较常见的预测方法,但是其方法的通用性不是很好。近些年发展的灰色系统理论、模糊数学和时间序列等方法比较适用于信息的半确定地区,通用性较好,定量与定性的综合分析,不失为值得推广的预测方法。
突水预测狭义上是水量的预测,广义的预测还包括突水的影响性预测。隧道突水的综合评价不仅仅考虑到施工运营过程的安全,还更深远的考虑隧道突水对环境的影响,这样的预测提出也是符合国情和形势的,这也是需要更进一步研究和亟待解决的问题。
For the reason of breaking out abruptly, disserving largely, hard to control and forcast, the tunnel water-inrush is an intractable problem. In order to assure the security of tunnel in the construction and operation, the forecasting of tunnel water-inrush has been a problem which is important and urgent to be solved. The study of forecasting to tunnel especially to karst tunnel has very important practical significance.
It is should to know the geologic condition and hydrogeological feature in the area of the tunnel first ,then do statistical classification to karst calamity around the tunnel location, and lay hydrological geology observing point to record the changing of every index in the process of tunnel excavation.The tunnel water-inrush is determined to geofactor, and Stratum lighology is sufficient condition. On the condition of tunnel crossing the area of pasted fault, fold and cranny, the water-inrush is probably to occur, but the quantity of water-inrush lies on geohydrologic condition. Eg, the heave rainfall in a region, developed earth's surface water system and better developing underground water karst system,all these can increase the probability of occurring water-inrush.
The key of the precision of water-inrush forecasting is to choose different method in different geologic condition, and different excavation mode will influence the forecasting also. Quasi method, water-balance method, numerical method etc are familiar forecasting methods, but all these methods are not universal. Gray system, fuzzy and time series methods developed in recent years, which have fine universe, are fit for illegible communication and can analyse fix-quality and fix-nature. These methods are valuable to popularize.
In narrow sense, the water-inrush forecasting is water forecasting, and broad forecasting includes the forecasting of water-inrush's influence also. The integrative estimates to the tunnel water-inrush should not only take into account the security during construction and operation, but also considering the impact to environmental, which is to be put forward according with the situation of out country and need to be studied deeply and solved urgently.
隧道的突水预测首先要明确隧道地区的工程地质条件和水文地质特征,对隧址附近的岩溶灾害点做出统计分类,以及设置水文地质观测点记录隧道开挖过程中的各项指标的变化。隧道突水取决于地质因素,地层岩性是充分条件,隧道通过断层带,褶皱地段和节理裂隙发育的地区都有可能产生突水,而突水量的大小则是由水文地质条件决定的,地区降雨量大,地表水系统发达,地下水岩溶系统发育程度较高,以及地下水侵蚀性强都能大大增加突水发生的几率。
突水量的预测精度关键在于不同的地质条件选取不同的方法,不同的开挖方式同样也会影响到突水的预测。相似比拟法、水均衡法、数值法等是比较常见的预测方法,但是其方法的通用性不是很好。近些年发展的灰色系统理论、模糊数学和时间序列等方法比较适用于信息的半确定地区,通用性较好,定量与定性的综合分析,不失为值得推广的预测方法。
突水预测狭义上是水量的预测,广义的预测还包括突水的影响性预测。隧道突水的综合评价不仅仅考虑到施工运营过程的安全,还更深远的考虑隧道突水对环境的影响,这样的预测提出也是符合国情和形势的,这也是需要更进一步研究和亟待解决的问题。
For the reason of breaking out abruptly, disserving largely, hard to control and forcast, the tunnel water-inrush is an intractable problem. In order to assure the security of tunnel in the construction and operation, the forecasting of tunnel water-inrush has been a problem which is important and urgent to be solved. The study of forecasting to tunnel especially to karst tunnel has very important practical significance.
It is should to know the geologic condition and hydrogeological feature in the area of the tunnel first ,then do statistical classification to karst calamity around the tunnel location, and lay hydrological geology observing point to record the changing of every index in the process of tunnel excavation.The tunnel water-inrush is determined to geofactor, and Stratum lighology is sufficient condition. On the condition of tunnel crossing the area of pasted fault, fold and cranny, the water-inrush is probably to occur, but the quantity of water-inrush lies on geohydrologic condition. Eg, the heave rainfall in a region, developed earth's surface water system and better developing underground water karst system,all these can increase the probability of occurring water-inrush.
The key of the precision of water-inrush forecasting is to choose different method in different geologic condition, and different excavation mode will influence the forecasting also. Quasi method, water-balance method, numerical method etc are familiar forecasting methods, but all these methods are not universal. Gray system, fuzzy and time series methods developed in recent years, which have fine universe, are fit for illegible communication and can analyse fix-quality and fix-nature. These methods are valuable to popularize.
In narrow sense, the water-inrush forecasting is water forecasting, and broad forecasting includes the forecasting of water-inrush's influence also. The integrative estimates to the tunnel water-inrush should not only take into account the security during construction and operation, but also considering the impact to environmental, which is to be put forward according with the situation of out country and need to be studied deeply and solved urgently.
引文
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