非可溶岩隧道涌突水量及危险性预测评价探析
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摘要
非可溶岩隧道围岩介质以裂隙型为主,裂隙发育的不均一性决定了裂隙水富集的不均一性。非可溶岩隧道涌突水的特征主要表现为涌突水总量不大,但由于水量分布不均,突水方位不确定,隧道在富水构造部位开挖时仍有可能发生大量涌突水,存在着较大的危险性。随着国家铁路和公路的大量建设,如何更准确地预测非可溶岩隧道涌水量及如何建立非可溶岩隧道的危险性评价系统,从而评价非可溶岩隧道涌水对工程与环境的影响,提出有效的防治措施,指导隧道设计及施工,对于隧道涌突水地质灾害防治具有重要意义。
本文在已有岩溶隧道涌水量计算和风险评价的基础上,针对非可溶岩介质的特点,结合多个典型非可溶岩隧道工程实例,对非可溶岩隧道涌水量计算方法适宜性进行了初步研究,并初步建立了非可溶岩隧道涌突水灾害危险性评价系统。
主要研究成果如下:
(1)选用大气降水入渗法、地下水动力学法、灰色系统理论法和模糊数学方法对四个典型非可溶岩隧道即五指山隧道、巴朗山隧道、泥巴山隧道和杨家山隧道进行了涌水量计算,并对其计算精度主控因素和预测方法适宜性进行了分析。
(2)以非可溶岩隧道涌突水灾害特征分析为基础,选取了五个控制非可溶岩隧道涌突水的主要影响因素,即岩石的渗透性和力学性质、地质构造条件、地表汇水条件、隧道埋深与地下水位的关系和最大主应力与主要结构面的关系作为非可溶岩隧道涌突水灾害危险性的评价指标。
(3)综合考虑裂隙水赋存和运移富集条件对非可溶岩隧道涌突水灾害形成的控制作用,从控制和综合反映非可溶岩隧道涌突水灾害发生几率和危险性的因素研究出发,确定了评价指标体系的准则层和指标层,提出了非可溶岩隧道涌突水灾害危险性的综合评价指标,以THR总分值来表示灾害的危险等级。深入讨论了各评价指标的量化取值方法及分级标准,并对评价指标进行了量化。
(4)根据以往地质灾害危险性评价的成熟经验,借鉴目前复杂岩溶隧道的施工技术和被工程界普遍接受的风险接受准则,将非可溶岩隧道涌突水危险性划分为五个等级:危险度极高区、危险度高区、危险度中等区、危险度较低区和危险度低区。
(5)采用模糊综合评判法和AHP层次分析法确定了非可溶隧道涌突水灾害危险性评价指标的权重,建立了非可溶岩隧道涌突水灾害危险性评价系统。
(6)根据非可溶岩隧道涌水量计算精度的分析,结合高黎贡山越岭隧址区的水文地质条件,选用地下水动力学法中的古德曼公式和裘布依公式分别对高黎贡山越岭隧道非可溶岩段进行最大涌水量和正常涌水量的计算,最大涌水量为101037m~3/d,正常涌水量为81288m~3/d。
(7)利用非可溶隧道涌突水灾害危险性等级评价系统,对高黎贡山越岭隧道的非可溶岩段进行了危险性评价。危险性评价结果为隧道的安全施工建设及灾害防治提供了重要依据。
Rock medium is predominantly fracture in non-soluble rock tunnel. Heterogeneity of fractured fissure determined heterogeneity of water enrichment. Characteristics of non-soluble rock tunnel water bursting are water-bursting quantity is not huge, but due to the water distribution inhomogeneous, and water-bursting position not sure, huge water- bursting is still possible happen in the watery structure parts when tunnel excavation and the risk is danger. As countries of railway and highway construction, how to accurately predict non-soluble rock tunnel water-bursting quantity and how to establish non-soluble rock tunnel risk evaluation system, thus evaluating the non-soluble rock tunnel water-bursting impacts on engineering and environment, puting forward effective prevention measures, and guiding tunnel design and construction, have important meaning to the geological disaster prevention of tunnel water-bursting.
Based on the karst tunnel water-bursting calculation and risk evaluation, according to the characteristics of non-soluble rock medium, combining several typical non-soluble rock tunnel project examples, how to choose the calculation method is preliminary studied, non-soluble rock tunnel water-bursting hazard evaluation system is preliminary established.
The research findings are described as follows:
(1) Choose precipitation infiltration law, groundwater dynamical method, the gray system theory method and fuzzy mathematical method to calucalate the water-bursting quantity of four typical non-soluble rock tunnel named Wuzhi mountain tunnel, Balang mountain tunnel, Niba mountain tunnel, and Yangjia mountain tunnel. Analy the calculation accuracy control factors of non-soluble rock tunnel.
(2) Based on the analysis of non-soluble rock tunnel disaster characteristics, choosing five main influence factors of non-soluble rock tunnel as rock permeability and mechanical properties, geological tectonic conditions, surface catchment conditions, the relationship between tunnel buried depth and underground water level, and the relationship between maximum principal stress and main structure, to be the evaluation indexes of non-soluble rock tunnel hazard risk.
(3) Comprehensive consider the control function of fissure water occurrence and migration enrichment conditions to the non-soluble rock tunnel water-bursting disaster. Formed from the control and comprehensive reflection of the non-soluble rock tunnel water-bursting hazard chance and disaster risk factors, determine the criterion strata and index layer of the evaluation index system, put forward the comprehensive evaluation index of the non-soluble rock tunnel water-bursting disaster risk, choose the THR total score to represent disaster dangerous level.
(4) According to the ripe experience of former geological hazard assessment, with reference to the current complex karst tunnel construction technology and the risk accept standard which is generally accepted to the engineering, non-soluble rock tunnel water-bursting hazard risk is divided into five level: risk extremely high area, risk high area, risk medium area, risk lower area and risk low area.
(5) The weight of the non-soluble rock tunnel water-bursting disaster evaluation index is determined by using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and analytical hierarchy process method. The non-soluble rock tunnel water-bursting disaster risk assessment system is also established.
(6) According to the analysis of non-soluble rock tunnel water-bursting quantity calculation accuracy, combining the hydrogeology conditions of the Gaoligong mountain servants tunnel zone, choose the goodman formula and dupuit formula from groundwater dynamical method to calculate the maximum and normal water-bursting quantity of non-soluble sections of Gaoligong mountain servants tunnel. The maximum water-bursting quantity is 101037 m~3/d and the normal water-bursting quantity is 81288m~3/d。
(7) The non-soluble sections of Gaoligong mountain servants tunnel are risk assessed by using the non-soluble rock tunnel water-bursting disaster risk assessment system. Risk assessment results provide important basis for tunnel safety construction and disaster prevention.
本文在已有岩溶隧道涌水量计算和风险评价的基础上,针对非可溶岩介质的特点,结合多个典型非可溶岩隧道工程实例,对非可溶岩隧道涌水量计算方法适宜性进行了初步研究,并初步建立了非可溶岩隧道涌突水灾害危险性评价系统。
主要研究成果如下:
(1)选用大气降水入渗法、地下水动力学法、灰色系统理论法和模糊数学方法对四个典型非可溶岩隧道即五指山隧道、巴朗山隧道、泥巴山隧道和杨家山隧道进行了涌水量计算,并对其计算精度主控因素和预测方法适宜性进行了分析。
(2)以非可溶岩隧道涌突水灾害特征分析为基础,选取了五个控制非可溶岩隧道涌突水的主要影响因素,即岩石的渗透性和力学性质、地质构造条件、地表汇水条件、隧道埋深与地下水位的关系和最大主应力与主要结构面的关系作为非可溶岩隧道涌突水灾害危险性的评价指标。
(3)综合考虑裂隙水赋存和运移富集条件对非可溶岩隧道涌突水灾害形成的控制作用,从控制和综合反映非可溶岩隧道涌突水灾害发生几率和危险性的因素研究出发,确定了评价指标体系的准则层和指标层,提出了非可溶岩隧道涌突水灾害危险性的综合评价指标,以THR总分值来表示灾害的危险等级。深入讨论了各评价指标的量化取值方法及分级标准,并对评价指标进行了量化。
(4)根据以往地质灾害危险性评价的成熟经验,借鉴目前复杂岩溶隧道的施工技术和被工程界普遍接受的风险接受准则,将非可溶岩隧道涌突水危险性划分为五个等级:危险度极高区、危险度高区、危险度中等区、危险度较低区和危险度低区。
(5)采用模糊综合评判法和AHP层次分析法确定了非可溶隧道涌突水灾害危险性评价指标的权重,建立了非可溶岩隧道涌突水灾害危险性评价系统。
(6)根据非可溶岩隧道涌水量计算精度的分析,结合高黎贡山越岭隧址区的水文地质条件,选用地下水动力学法中的古德曼公式和裘布依公式分别对高黎贡山越岭隧道非可溶岩段进行最大涌水量和正常涌水量的计算,最大涌水量为101037m~3/d,正常涌水量为81288m~3/d。
(7)利用非可溶隧道涌突水灾害危险性等级评价系统,对高黎贡山越岭隧道的非可溶岩段进行了危险性评价。危险性评价结果为隧道的安全施工建设及灾害防治提供了重要依据。
Rock medium is predominantly fracture in non-soluble rock tunnel. Heterogeneity of fractured fissure determined heterogeneity of water enrichment. Characteristics of non-soluble rock tunnel water bursting are water-bursting quantity is not huge, but due to the water distribution inhomogeneous, and water-bursting position not sure, huge water- bursting is still possible happen in the watery structure parts when tunnel excavation and the risk is danger. As countries of railway and highway construction, how to accurately predict non-soluble rock tunnel water-bursting quantity and how to establish non-soluble rock tunnel risk evaluation system, thus evaluating the non-soluble rock tunnel water-bursting impacts on engineering and environment, puting forward effective prevention measures, and guiding tunnel design and construction, have important meaning to the geological disaster prevention of tunnel water-bursting.
Based on the karst tunnel water-bursting calculation and risk evaluation, according to the characteristics of non-soluble rock medium, combining several typical non-soluble rock tunnel project examples, how to choose the calculation method is preliminary studied, non-soluble rock tunnel water-bursting hazard evaluation system is preliminary established.
The research findings are described as follows:
(1) Choose precipitation infiltration law, groundwater dynamical method, the gray system theory method and fuzzy mathematical method to calucalate the water-bursting quantity of four typical non-soluble rock tunnel named Wuzhi mountain tunnel, Balang mountain tunnel, Niba mountain tunnel, and Yangjia mountain tunnel. Analy the calculation accuracy control factors of non-soluble rock tunnel.
(2) Based on the analysis of non-soluble rock tunnel disaster characteristics, choosing five main influence factors of non-soluble rock tunnel as rock permeability and mechanical properties, geological tectonic conditions, surface catchment conditions, the relationship between tunnel buried depth and underground water level, and the relationship between maximum principal stress and main structure, to be the evaluation indexes of non-soluble rock tunnel hazard risk.
(3) Comprehensive consider the control function of fissure water occurrence and migration enrichment conditions to the non-soluble rock tunnel water-bursting disaster. Formed from the control and comprehensive reflection of the non-soluble rock tunnel water-bursting hazard chance and disaster risk factors, determine the criterion strata and index layer of the evaluation index system, put forward the comprehensive evaluation index of the non-soluble rock tunnel water-bursting disaster risk, choose the THR total score to represent disaster dangerous level.
(4) According to the ripe experience of former geological hazard assessment, with reference to the current complex karst tunnel construction technology and the risk accept standard which is generally accepted to the engineering, non-soluble rock tunnel water-bursting hazard risk is divided into five level: risk extremely high area, risk high area, risk medium area, risk lower area and risk low area.
(5) The weight of the non-soluble rock tunnel water-bursting disaster evaluation index is determined by using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and analytical hierarchy process method. The non-soluble rock tunnel water-bursting disaster risk assessment system is also established.
(6) According to the analysis of non-soluble rock tunnel water-bursting quantity calculation accuracy, combining the hydrogeology conditions of the Gaoligong mountain servants tunnel zone, choose the goodman formula and dupuit formula from groundwater dynamical method to calculate the maximum and normal water-bursting quantity of non-soluble sections of Gaoligong mountain servants tunnel. The maximum water-bursting quantity is 101037 m~3/d and the normal water-bursting quantity is 81288m~3/d。
(7) The non-soluble sections of Gaoligong mountain servants tunnel are risk assessed by using the non-soluble rock tunnel water-bursting disaster risk assessment system. Risk assessment results provide important basis for tunnel safety construction and disaster prevention.
引文
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