产业集群创业人才孵化主体的互动与协调研究
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摘要
产业集群与创业活动在区域发展中发挥着重要的作用。然而,产业集群的竞争优势和创新动力不仅来自于企业的聚集,更依赖于集群各主体的互动与协调发展;实现创业人才孵化过程中资金、技术、劳动力等资源的合理配置,需要集群内部各成员的良性互动,以提升地方政府、行业协会及相关机构对创业人才孵化的协同效应。因此,将产业集群作为孵化创业人才的系统,研究各孵化主体的互动机制,探索其对创业人才孵化的协调机理,具有重要的理论和现实意义。
     本文首先通过文献研究,揭示了产业集群的网络化与多层次特征,剖析了产业集群创业人才孵化系统的构成要素及层次结构,论证了集群孵化主体、创业资源及创业网络对创业人才的影响作用,提出了产业集群创业人才孵化系统的概念框架。运用定性研究方法,通过半结构化访谈,实证研究了各主体对创业人才的孵化功能,对访谈数据进行内容分析,并运用语义网络分析技术,构建了产业集群创业人才孵化系统的功能与结构模型,分析了各孵化主体的互动与协调过程。
     其次,依据产业集群创业人才孵化系统的概念性框架,从孵化主体、创业资源、创业网络三个视角探讨了集群对创业人才的影响作用,构建了产业集群对创业人才孵化作用机理的理论假设模型。通过对产业集群创业者的问卷调查,运用结构方程模型进行了实证检验,验证了该孵化系统的构成要素,揭示了产业集群各孵化主体对创业人才的影响机理。
     然后,运用文献研究和实证研究的方法,分析了产业集群各主体对创业人才孵化功能的差异,将集群孵化主体的互动区分为两个层次:核心层企业主体基于价值链分工的垂直互动、基于竞争协作的水平互动;以及辅助层机构主体与核心层企业主体基于产学研协作的跨层次互动,构建了产业集群创业人才孵化主体互动的空间层次模型,在此基础上,运用社会网络分析法(SNA),对互动网络的节点与关系链进行了界定,刻画了产业集群创业人才孵化主体的互动网络图,揭示了产业集群创业人才孵化主体的互动机制。
     再次,运用协同理论对产业集群创业人才孵化系统的协调进行分析,阐述了孵化系统协调的内涵和目标,剖析了产业集群创业人才孵化过程中的资源配置与主体协同,并通过跨案例对比分析法,实证研究了政府主导型、行业协会主导型、高校主导型产业集群创业人才孵化系统的协调机理,提出了产业集群创业人才孵化系统协调性的提升路径,构建了产业集群创业人才孵化系统协调的整合模型。
     本研究旨在剖析产业集群创业人才孵化主体的互动与协调过程,揭示影响产业集群创业人才孵化的关键因素及其作用机理。这一研究成果将丰富产业集群、创业和网络研究理论,同时为提高集群的资源利用效率,发挥政府及相关孵化主体的协同作用,构建有效的产业集群创业人才孵化机制提供理论依据和实践参考。
Industrial clusters and entrepreneurial activities have played an important role in theregional development. However, the competitive advantage of industrial clusters and itsinnovative advantages come not only from the aggregation of enterprises, but also rely onthe interaction and coordination between the enterprises and institutes. To achieve arational allocation of capital, technological resources, labor forces and etc. in the processof entrepreneurship incubation, requires the positive interaction of the cluster members, toenhance the synergy effects of local governments, industry associations and other relevantinstitutions. Therefore, it has important theoretical value and practical significance to takethe industrial clusters as an entrepreneurial incubation system, to research on theinteraction mechanism of major factors in the process of hatching entrepreneurial talent,and explore their coordination mechanism for the entrepreneurship incubation.
     Firstly, on the basis of literature review, the dissertation reveals the network andmultilevel characteristics of the industrial clusters, analyzes the elements and structure ofthe entrepreneurship incubation systems of the industrial clusters, and discusses theincubation effects of the cluster institutes, entrepreneurial resources and networks on theentrepreneurial talents, to propose the conceptual framework of the industrial clusterincubation system. By applying the qualitative research methods, and through thesemi-structured interviews with the entrepreneurial talents in the industry cluster, theempirical research explores the functions of the major institutes in the industrial cluster.By the content analysis of the interview data and the semantic network analysistechnology, the function and structure model of entrepreneurship incubation systems inindustrial clusters is built, to analyze the interaction and coordination process of eachincubation actors.
     Secondly, based on the conceptual framework of entrepreneurial incubation system inindustrial clusters, the thesis analyzes the mechanism of industrial cluster entrepreneurialincubation system from three perspectives of the industrial cluster institutes,entrepreneurial resource and network, explores the incubation effects of the entrepreneurial resource, the supporting effects of the cluster institutes and theintermediate effects of network, and constructs the theoretical hypodessertation model ofthe industrial cluster’s effects on the entrepreneurial talents. Through structuredquestionnaires collected from the entrepreneurs in the industrial cluster, an empirical testusing structural equation modeling is conducted to verify the compose elements of theindustrial cluster entrepreneurial incubation system, and reveal the mechanism of eachindustrial clusters elements’ influencing effects on entrepreneurial talents.
     Thirdly, through the literature and empirical research methods, the dessertationanalyzes the difference of the incubation function of each industrial cluster institutes, anddivides the interaction of those cluster institutes into two levels, which includes theinteraction of the enterprises in the core network layer based on enterprise supply chaincollaboration and competition; and the interaction between the core network layers and theauxiliary network layers based on research collaboration. On this basis, the multi-levelspace interaction model of industrial clusters incubation institutes is built. Throughempirical case studies, and by the use of social networks analysis (SNA) technique, thenetwork nodes and the relationship chain are defined to portray the interaction networkgraphs of the industrial cluster incubation institutes, and reveal the interactive mechanismof the industry cluster incubation system.
     Finally, by reference to the synergetic theory, the dessertation analyzes the intensionand the goal of the industrial cluster incubation system coordination, reveals the resourceallocation and institutes synergistic effect of the industry cluster in the hatching process ofthe entrepreneurial talent. Through case studies, the coordination mechanism of industrialclusters entrepreneurial incubator system for three difference kinds ofclusters:”government-led” cluster, industry association-led cluster and university-orientedcluster was empirically researched and the coordination enhancement strategy for differenttypes of cluster is proposed, to construct the integration model of the coordination processof the industrial cluster entrepreneurial incubation system.
     The purpose of this study is to explore the interaction and coordination process of theindustrial clusters in entrepreneurship incubation, revealing the key factors thatinfluencing the entrepreneurial talent incubation performance and its mechanism. The results of this study will enrich the theory of industrial clusters, entrepreneurship andnetworks; it can also provide a theoretical basis and practical reference for improving thecluster resource utilization efficiency, enhancing the government and the main institutionalsynergies, to build an effective industry cluster entrepreneurial mechanism.
引文
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