面向智能手机的矢—栅混合地图关键技术研究
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摘要
近年来,随着智能手机性能的提高以及嵌入式GIS应用范围的不断增大,对基于智能手机的地图显示要求也相应提高。在当前地图显示方式中,栅格地图以其直观全面呈现地理对象的优势而得到越来越广泛的应用,但其不支持网络空间分析,所以需要与矢量地图相结合,以矢-栅混合方式满足地图显示的要求。因此如何设计实现矢-栅混合地图已成为当前的研究热点。
本文给出了一种面向智能手机的矢-栅混合地图的实现方案,并对其若干关键技术进行了探讨,包括：数据的组织方式、数据的存储与分发机制、矢-栅混合地图的绘制等。对矢量数据采用分块分层的组织方式,栅格数据为文件存储的瓦片金字塔模型的组织方式；针对金字塔结构栅格数据的缓存替换问题,提出了一种与金字塔层数相关的P-LRU (Pyramid-Least Recently Used)算法；根据矢-栅混合地图的特点,提出了依据当前路径规划结果进行预测的策略；为了高效准确绘制矢-栅混合地图,首先将栅格地图作为底图,然后叠加矢量地图,其中矢量图仅绘制线状对象。
本文在最后总结了已完成的工作,并提出了对面向智能手机的矢-栅混合地图的进一步研究方向。
Recently, with the rapid improvement of the performance of the smart phone and the increasing range of applications based on Embedded GIS, the requirements for map showing based on smart phone is increasing correspondingly.
Among those existing map-showing methods, the deploying of raster map is one of the most outstanding saluting and has been used more and more widely due to its unique advantages of rich information and exquisite sight. However, as a result of its lack in supporting network space analysis, the raster map needs to be integrated with vector map in order to satisfy the map-showing requirements with Vector-Rater mixed mode. Therefore, the design and implement of the Vector-Raster mixed map has attracted more and more research effort in recent years.
In this paper, we propose a novel solution for deploying Vector-Rater mixed map on smart phone as well as discuss some key technical issues as follows:the organization of the data, the data storage and dissemination scheme, the rendering of the Vector-Raster mixed map and so on. The organization of the vector data is partition and layer, while the raster data is tile-pyramid model using file storage; In order to settle the cache replacement problems of pyramid structure of raster data, we propose a novel algorithm, named P-LRU, which relate to the layers of the pyramid; Based on the characteristic of the Vector-Raster mixed map, we also provide the strategy based on the routing results; For the purpose of efficiently and correctly rendering Vector-Raster mixed map, the raster map is used as the base map while the vector map is the overlay. Finally, we summarize our work and point out the direction of future research in the topic of developing Vector-Raster mixed map on the smart phone.
本文给出了一种面向智能手机的矢-栅混合地图的实现方案,并对其若干关键技术进行了探讨,包括：数据的组织方式、数据的存储与分发机制、矢-栅混合地图的绘制等。对矢量数据采用分块分层的组织方式,栅格数据为文件存储的瓦片金字塔模型的组织方式；针对金字塔结构栅格数据的缓存替换问题,提出了一种与金字塔层数相关的P-LRU (Pyramid-Least Recently Used)算法；根据矢-栅混合地图的特点,提出了依据当前路径规划结果进行预测的策略；为了高效准确绘制矢-栅混合地图,首先将栅格地图作为底图,然后叠加矢量地图,其中矢量图仅绘制线状对象。
本文在最后总结了已完成的工作,并提出了对面向智能手机的矢-栅混合地图的进一步研究方向。
Recently, with the rapid improvement of the performance of the smart phone and the increasing range of applications based on Embedded GIS, the requirements for map showing based on smart phone is increasing correspondingly.
Among those existing map-showing methods, the deploying of raster map is one of the most outstanding saluting and has been used more and more widely due to its unique advantages of rich information and exquisite sight. However, as a result of its lack in supporting network space analysis, the raster map needs to be integrated with vector map in order to satisfy the map-showing requirements with Vector-Rater mixed mode. Therefore, the design and implement of the Vector-Raster mixed map has attracted more and more research effort in recent years.
In this paper, we propose a novel solution for deploying Vector-Rater mixed map on smart phone as well as discuss some key technical issues as follows:the organization of the data, the data storage and dissemination scheme, the rendering of the Vector-Raster mixed map and so on. The organization of the vector data is partition and layer, while the raster data is tile-pyramid model using file storage; In order to settle the cache replacement problems of pyramid structure of raster data, we propose a novel algorithm, named P-LRU, which relate to the layers of the pyramid; Based on the characteristic of the Vector-Raster mixed map, we also provide the strategy based on the routing results; For the purpose of efficiently and correctly rendering Vector-Raster mixed map, the raster map is used as the base map while the vector map is the overlay. Finally, we summarize our work and point out the direction of future research in the topic of developing Vector-Raster mixed map on the smart phone.
引文
[1]Gen Tian, Jian Li, Fang Wang. A new spatial index methodology of mobile GIS based on smart phone [C]. ACM,2011
[2]Ray Renner, Zohra Hemani, Zohra Hemani. A Comparison of Mobile GIS Development Options on Smart Phone Platforms [C]. IEEE,2011(12):1-5
[3]李华玮,朱重光,陈静.网络环境下海量影像数据的多分辨率传输.计算机工程,2008,34(4)：266～268
[4]宋江洪,赵忠明.图像分块分层结构在海量数据处理中的应用.计算机工程与应用,2004,33：31～34
[5]Yan Li. Research on Geographic Information Services using Digital Earth Platform [C].IEEE,2011:562-565
[6]Chunyang Hu, Yongwang Zhao, Jing Li. A Super Data-sharing Geospatial Web Service for Remote Sensing data visualization [C].2011 International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, 2011:594-601
[7]Peter B aumann. Web-enabled Raster GIS Services for Large Image and Map Databases [C]. IEEE,2001(12):870-874
[8]王芳Google地图开发研究.计算机与数字工程,2010,38(3)
[9]杨骏,李中华,倪明涛Google Maps坐标偏移的修正算法.计算机工程与应用,2011,47(6)：62～64
[10]楼剑涛.嵌入式GIS地图框架的设计与实现.浙江大学硕士学位论文,2009
[11]冯丽婕.嵌入式GIS空间数据结构的设计.测绘技术装备,2009,2：12～15
[12]李鲁群,安效国,邓敏.面向对象矢量的栅格存储数据结构研究.山东科技大学学报,2003,22(3)：37～39
[13]浦欢,荆涛,李兴华.用于PDA的GIS金字塔形数据结构及显示算法的研究.北京交通大学学报,2005,29(2)：72～75
[14]胡菲菲.SQLite在嵌入式电子地图中的应用.湖南科技学院学报,2008,29(4)：82～84
[15]Luo XianGang, Ma Qi, Xie Zhong. The organization and scheduling of massive grid geographic data [C]. IEEE,2009:882-885
[16]陈田庆,解建仓,李建勋.分布式环境下的遥感影像组织与调度.计算机工程,2010,36(23)：9-12
[17]Chenguang Dai, Yongsheng Zhang, Xueqing Deng. Fast rendering of massive textured terrain data [J]. Journal of Communication and Computer,2007:1-5
[18]Xiang Longgang, Zhu Xinyan. Organization and Schedule of Multi-resolution Pyramid Based on Wavelet Transform [J]. Geoinformation,2009(23):1-5
[19]马琪,谢忠.海量栅格地理数据的组织与调度.地理与地理信息科学,2008,24(6)：39～41
[20]谢耀华,汤晓安,孙茂印.基于非一致分层分块金字塔的海量影像快速漫游方法.计算机工程与科学,2008,30(5)：33～36
[21]任小丽,王远飞.三重金字塔模型及遥感影像管理系统研究.世界科技与发展,2010,32(4)：466～468
[22]张剑波,刘丹,吴信才.GIS中栅格数据存储管理的研究与实现.桂林工学院学报,2006,26(1)：54-58
[23]刘荣高,庄大方,刘纪远.分布式海量矢量地理数据共享研究.中国图像图形学报,2001,6(9)：865～873
[24]吴焕萍,潘懋,张传名.GIS矢量数据的网络渐近传输研究.高技术通讯,2006,16(3)：290～295
[25]王军,梁延寿.基于Web Service的地理数据服务架构研究.测绘与空间地理信息,2011,34(1)：28～32
[26]李振华,刘鹏,王真.WMS服务的缓存策略研究.计算机与现代化,2009,5：6-9
[27]敖水金,肖高铭.Web地图服务基本原理.测绘与空间地理信息,2009,32(6)：114～116
[28]Xin Qu, Min Sun, Chen Xu. A Spatial Web Service Client based on Microsoft Bing Maps [J]. Geoinformation,2011(12):1-5
[29]Kharbutli, M, Solihin, Y. Counter-based cache replacement algorithms [C]. IEEE, 2005:61-68
[30]Soryani, Mohsen, Sharifi, Mohsen, Rezvani, Mohammad Hossein. Performance Evaluation of Cache Memory Organizations in Embedded Systems [C]. IEEE, 2007:1045-1050
[31]Sterling Quinn, Mark Gahegan. A Predictive Model for Frequently Viewed Tiles in a Web Map [J]. Transactions in GIS,2010,14(2):193-216
[32]RICARDO GARCIA, JUAN PABLO DE CASTRO. A Descriptive Model for Predicting Popular Areas in a Web Map [C]. IEEE,2011:397-401
[2]Ray Renner, Zohra Hemani, Zohra Hemani. A Comparison of Mobile GIS Development Options on Smart Phone Platforms [C]. IEEE,2011(12):1-5
[3]李华玮,朱重光,陈静.网络环境下海量影像数据的多分辨率传输.计算机工程,2008,34(4)：266～268
[4]宋江洪,赵忠明.图像分块分层结构在海量数据处理中的应用.计算机工程与应用,2004,33：31～34
[5]Yan Li. Research on Geographic Information Services using Digital Earth Platform [C].IEEE,2011:562-565
[6]Chunyang Hu, Yongwang Zhao, Jing Li. A Super Data-sharing Geospatial Web Service for Remote Sensing data visualization [C].2011 International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, 2011:594-601
[7]Peter B aumann. Web-enabled Raster GIS Services for Large Image and Map Databases [C]. IEEE,2001(12):870-874
[8]王芳Google地图开发研究.计算机与数字工程,2010,38(3)
[9]杨骏,李中华,倪明涛Google Maps坐标偏移的修正算法.计算机工程与应用,2011,47(6)：62～64
[10]楼剑涛.嵌入式GIS地图框架的设计与实现.浙江大学硕士学位论文,2009
[11]冯丽婕.嵌入式GIS空间数据结构的设计.测绘技术装备,2009,2：12～15
[12]李鲁群,安效国,邓敏.面向对象矢量的栅格存储数据结构研究.山东科技大学学报,2003,22(3)：37～39
[13]浦欢,荆涛,李兴华.用于PDA的GIS金字塔形数据结构及显示算法的研究.北京交通大学学报,2005,29(2)：72～75
[14]胡菲菲.SQLite在嵌入式电子地图中的应用.湖南科技学院学报,2008,29(4)：82～84
[15]Luo XianGang, Ma Qi, Xie Zhong. The organization and scheduling of massive grid geographic data [C]. IEEE,2009:882-885
[16]陈田庆,解建仓,李建勋.分布式环境下的遥感影像组织与调度.计算机工程,2010,36(23)：9-12
[17]Chenguang Dai, Yongsheng Zhang, Xueqing Deng. Fast rendering of massive textured terrain data [J]. Journal of Communication and Computer,2007:1-5
[18]Xiang Longgang, Zhu Xinyan. Organization and Schedule of Multi-resolution Pyramid Based on Wavelet Transform [J]. Geoinformation,2009(23):1-5
[19]马琪,谢忠.海量栅格地理数据的组织与调度.地理与地理信息科学,2008,24(6)：39～41
[20]谢耀华,汤晓安,孙茂印.基于非一致分层分块金字塔的海量影像快速漫游方法.计算机工程与科学,2008,30(5)：33～36
[21]任小丽,王远飞.三重金字塔模型及遥感影像管理系统研究.世界科技与发展,2010,32(4)：466～468
[22]张剑波,刘丹,吴信才.GIS中栅格数据存储管理的研究与实现.桂林工学院学报,2006,26(1)：54-58
[23]刘荣高,庄大方,刘纪远.分布式海量矢量地理数据共享研究.中国图像图形学报,2001,6(9)：865～873
[24]吴焕萍,潘懋,张传名.GIS矢量数据的网络渐近传输研究.高技术通讯,2006,16(3)：290～295
[25]王军,梁延寿.基于Web Service的地理数据服务架构研究.测绘与空间地理信息,2011,34(1)：28～32
[26]李振华,刘鹏,王真.WMS服务的缓存策略研究.计算机与现代化,2009,5：6-9
[27]敖水金,肖高铭.Web地图服务基本原理.测绘与空间地理信息,2009,32(6)：114～116
[28]Xin Qu, Min Sun, Chen Xu. A Spatial Web Service Client based on Microsoft Bing Maps [J]. Geoinformation,2011(12):1-5
[29]Kharbutli, M, Solihin, Y. Counter-based cache replacement algorithms [C]. IEEE, 2005:61-68
[30]Soryani, Mohsen, Sharifi, Mohsen, Rezvani, Mohammad Hossein. Performance Evaluation of Cache Memory Organizations in Embedded Systems [C]. IEEE, 2007:1045-1050
[31]Sterling Quinn, Mark Gahegan. A Predictive Model for Frequently Viewed Tiles in a Web Map [J]. Transactions in GIS,2010,14(2):193-216
[32]RICARDO GARCIA, JUAN PABLO DE CASTRO. A Descriptive Model for Predicting Popular Areas in a Web Map [C]. IEEE,2011:397-401