自适应电子色散补偿器的实现方式及性能分析
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摘要
随着光通信网络速率的不断提升,信号在传输过程中产生的色散现象也越来越严重,因此为了保证信号传输的准确性,对传输信号进行色散补偿成为信号传输过程中必不可少的环节。由于自适应电子补偿器具有实时补偿、便于扩展、成本低等优点,使得这种补偿方法受到了人们越来越广泛的关注。
本文首先介绍了国内外色散补偿技术的研究现状;接下来对各种自适应补偿系统的模型进行比较分析,通过比较可以看出,在使用相同自适应算法的前提下,判决反馈补偿器的补偿效果比较好;随后对判决反馈均衡器中前馈和反馈滤波器的结构进行了讨论,包括横向滤波(TF)结构和横向行波滤波(TWF)结构及TWF的改进结构,为了得到较大的可用带宽,通过仿真比较我们最终选择了TWF结构作为判决反馈补偿器中前馈和反馈补偿的实现结构。接着,对自适应补偿器的电路和版图的实现方式进行了详细研究,并从以下两个方面进行了仿真:一是时域仿真,通过MATLAB仿真,在理论上验证了均衡器在高速传输系统中能够完成对色散的补偿;二是S参数仿真,通过这个仿真来验证功率增益和输入输出的匹配情况。通过仿真结果,我们可以看到在高速的传输信道中,判决反馈补偿器能够对色散进行有效的补偿。
As the speed of optical communication continue to increase, the dispersion phenomenon which is generated in the process of signal transmission. Therefore, in order to ensure the accuracy of signal transmission, it is necessary to compensate the dispersion of the transmission signal. As the adaptive electronic dispersion compensator has the advantage of real-time compensation, easy extension and low cost, the compensation has been grown widespread concern.
In this paper, we first described the research status of compensation technique at home and abroad. Next, we compared and analyzed a variety of self-adaptive compensation system models, after compared we obtained the balanced effect of decision-feedback model was better. Then the structures of DFE in the feed forward and feedback filter were discussed, including transverse filter (TF) , transverse wave filter structure (TWF) and its two kinds of improvement structures. In order to get a larger bandwidth, we finally chose the latter one as a DFE in the feed forward and feedback equalizer implementation structures through the comparison and simulation. After that, we carried out a detail study of the implementation approach of the circuit and layout structures of DFE. And two parts simulation were carried out. The first part was time-domain simulation by using MATLAB; we theoretically verified the equalizer could complete its dispersion compensation in 40 GB/s system; the second part was S parameters simulation, we verified the power gain and the match of the input and output through this simulation. We can see that in high-speed transmission channel, the DFE can effectively compensate PMD.
本文首先介绍了国内外色散补偿技术的研究现状;接下来对各种自适应补偿系统的模型进行比较分析,通过比较可以看出,在使用相同自适应算法的前提下,判决反馈补偿器的补偿效果比较好;随后对判决反馈均衡器中前馈和反馈滤波器的结构进行了讨论,包括横向滤波(TF)结构和横向行波滤波(TWF)结构及TWF的改进结构,为了得到较大的可用带宽,通过仿真比较我们最终选择了TWF结构作为判决反馈补偿器中前馈和反馈补偿的实现结构。接着,对自适应补偿器的电路和版图的实现方式进行了详细研究,并从以下两个方面进行了仿真:一是时域仿真,通过MATLAB仿真,在理论上验证了均衡器在高速传输系统中能够完成对色散的补偿;二是S参数仿真,通过这个仿真来验证功率增益和输入输出的匹配情况。通过仿真结果,我们可以看到在高速的传输信道中,判决反馈补偿器能够对色散进行有效的补偿。
As the speed of optical communication continue to increase, the dispersion phenomenon which is generated in the process of signal transmission. Therefore, in order to ensure the accuracy of signal transmission, it is necessary to compensate the dispersion of the transmission signal. As the adaptive electronic dispersion compensator has the advantage of real-time compensation, easy extension and low cost, the compensation has been grown widespread concern.
In this paper, we first described the research status of compensation technique at home and abroad. Next, we compared and analyzed a variety of self-adaptive compensation system models, after compared we obtained the balanced effect of decision-feedback model was better. Then the structures of DFE in the feed forward and feedback filter were discussed, including transverse filter (TF) , transverse wave filter structure (TWF) and its two kinds of improvement structures. In order to get a larger bandwidth, we finally chose the latter one as a DFE in the feed forward and feedback equalizer implementation structures through the comparison and simulation. After that, we carried out a detail study of the implementation approach of the circuit and layout structures of DFE. And two parts simulation were carried out. The first part was time-domain simulation by using MATLAB; we theoretically verified the equalizer could complete its dispersion compensation in 40 GB/s system; the second part was S parameters simulation, we verified the power gain and the match of the input and output through this simulation. We can see that in high-speed transmission channel, the DFE can effectively compensate PMD.
引文
[1] Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) transport systems: Common generic criteria, Telcordia Technologies, GR-253-CORE, Issue 3, Sept. 2000
[2] SONET OC-192, Transport systems common generic criteria, Bellcore, GR-1377-CORE, no.4, Mar.1998.
[3] Media access control parameters, physical Layer, and management parameter for 10Gb/s operation, IEEE 802.3ae standard 2002
[4] J. Hecht, City of Light. The Story of Fiber Optics. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999
[5] K. Azadet, E. F. Haratsch, H. Kim, F. Saibi, et al. Equalization and FEC techniques for optical transceivers, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 317-327, Mar. 2002
[6] H. B?ulow, Polarisation mode dispersion (PMD) sensitivity of a 10 Gbit/s transmission system in Optical Communication, 1996. ECOC '96. 22nd European Conference on, vol. 2, 1996, pp. 211-214
[7]陈思.高速光纤传输系统中偏振模色散补偿技术的研究[硕士论文],兰州理工大学, p11(2008)
[8]李岩.高速光纤通信系统中动态色度色散补偿的理论和实验研究[硕士论文],天津大学, p12 (2007)
[9]杨伯君,李朝阳,于丽.高速光通信系统中偏振模色散的补偿,光通信研究, 2001,(2):1-2
[10] Cristian Francia, Denis Penninckx, Frank Bruybre, et al. Time impulse response of second order PMD in single-mode fibers. ECOC'98, 1998, 20~24.
[11] B. P. Lathi. Modem Digital and Analog Communication Systems. USA California State University, Sacr- amento, 1983, 138.
[12] M. W. Chbat, J. P. Soigne. Long term field demonstration of optical PMD compensation on an installed OC-192 link. OFC' 1999, San Jose, California, PD12.
[13] Q.Yu, L-S. Yan, Y. Xie. Higher order polarization mode dispersion compensation using a fixed time delay followed by a variable time delay. Photonics Technology Letters, 2001, 13(8): 863~865.
[14] Sangin Kim.“Analytical Calculation of Pulse Broadening in Optical Higher Order PMD Compensation”. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2002, 20: 1118~1123.
[15] J. H.Winters, Z. Haas, M.A.Santoro, et al.“Optical equalization of polarization dispersion”. Proc. SPIE, 1992, 1787: 346~357.
[16]蒙红云,冯德军,赵春柳等.偏振摸色散及其补偿技术.光通信技术, 2002, 2: 42~46.
[17] Zheng Y, Yang B J, Zhang X G.. Three stages polarization mode dispersion compensator capable of compensating second order polarization mode dispersion, IEEE Photonic Technology Letters, 2002, 14(10):1412-1414.
[18] Fred Buchali, Henning Bülow. Adaptive PMD Compensation by Electrical and Optical Techniques, Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 22, No. 4, April 2004
[19] Jin Wang, Joseph M. Kahn. Performance of Electrical Equalizers in Optically Amplified OOK and DPSK Systems, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, December 2003
[20] Reinhold Noe, David Sandel, M. Yoshida-Dierolf, et al. Polarization Mode Dispersion Compensation at 10, 20, and 40 Gb/s with Various Optical Equalizers. Journal of Lightwave Technology, Volume 17, Issue 9, 1602,September 1999
[21] B. Wedding, A. Chiarotto, W. Kuebart, et al. Fast adaptive control for electronic equalization of PMD, OFC 2001. Technical Digest Postconference Edition ,vol. 2, 2001, pp.TuP4-1-3
[22] H. Bülow. Electronic equalization of transmission impairments. OFC 2002, paper TuE4
[23] A. H. Gnauck, P. J. Winzer. Phase-Shift-Keyed Transmission. proc. Optical Fiber Communications Conf, tutorial paper TuF4, Los Angeles, CA, 2004.
[24] Wang Bin, Wang Lei, Wu X. Statistical analysis of cascade PLC-based PMD compensator. Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering, 2005, (5644): 706-713
[25]王凌.智能优化算法及其应用.北京.清华大学出版社, 2001, p36-61
[26]陈宝林.最优化理论与算法.北京:清华大学出版社, 1989, 411-420
[27]朱奇光.基于PSO算法的自适应PMD补偿系统设计”.仪器仪表学报,2006,27(6):2508-2509.
[28]周保华.光纤通信系统中偏振模色散及其补偿技术的研究.西安电子科技大学. p23-26(2008)
[29]李永刚,李锦萍.有限长单位冲激响应FIR数字滤波器线性相位分析和结构图.首都师范大学学报(自然科学版), Vol.23, No.2 (2002)
[30]J. Lee, P. Roux, U.-V. Koc, et al, A 5-b 10-GSample/s A/D converter for 10-Gb/s optical receivers, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 39, no. 10, pp. 1671-1679, Oct. 2004.
[31]谢詹奇,戴庆元.均衡其技术研究.微处理机, p26, No.3 (2009)
[32]郭业才.自适应盲均衡技术.合肥工业大学出版社, p15 (2007)
[33]朱思宇.光纤偏振模色散电域补偿方案的研究[硕士论文].河北工业大学, p20(2006)
[34] C. Rauscher. Microwave active fliters based on transversal and recursive principles, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. MTT-33,no. 12, pp. 1350-1360, Dec. 1985
[35] S. Pavan. Continuous-time integrated FIR Flters at microwave frequencies, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems-Part II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 15-20, Jan. 2004
[36]郭业才.自适应盲均衡技术.合肥工业大学出版社, p16 (2007)
[37] Alan Hastings著,张为等译.模拟电路板图的艺术.第二版.北京:电子工业出版社, 2007. 211-212
[38] Saint C.著,李伟华等译.集成电路板图基础-实用指南(翻译版).北京:清华大学出版社, 2006.219-222
[39]冯建林.光纤传输系统的色散补偿技术及其应用.有线电视技术, p20(2008)
[2] SONET OC-192, Transport systems common generic criteria, Bellcore, GR-1377-CORE, no.4, Mar.1998.
[3] Media access control parameters, physical Layer, and management parameter for 10Gb/s operation, IEEE 802.3ae standard 2002
[4] J. Hecht, City of Light. The Story of Fiber Optics. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999
[5] K. Azadet, E. F. Haratsch, H. Kim, F. Saibi, et al. Equalization and FEC techniques for optical transceivers, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 317-327, Mar. 2002
[6] H. B?ulow, Polarisation mode dispersion (PMD) sensitivity of a 10 Gbit/s transmission system in Optical Communication, 1996. ECOC '96. 22nd European Conference on, vol. 2, 1996, pp. 211-214
[7]陈思.高速光纤传输系统中偏振模色散补偿技术的研究[硕士论文],兰州理工大学, p11(2008)
[8]李岩.高速光纤通信系统中动态色度色散补偿的理论和实验研究[硕士论文],天津大学, p12 (2007)
[9]杨伯君,李朝阳,于丽.高速光通信系统中偏振模色散的补偿,光通信研究, 2001,(2):1-2
[10] Cristian Francia, Denis Penninckx, Frank Bruybre, et al. Time impulse response of second order PMD in single-mode fibers. ECOC'98, 1998, 20~24.
[11] B. P. Lathi. Modem Digital and Analog Communication Systems. USA California State University, Sacr- amento, 1983, 138.
[12] M. W. Chbat, J. P. Soigne. Long term field demonstration of optical PMD compensation on an installed OC-192 link. OFC' 1999, San Jose, California, PD12.
[13] Q.Yu, L-S. Yan, Y. Xie. Higher order polarization mode dispersion compensation using a fixed time delay followed by a variable time delay. Photonics Technology Letters, 2001, 13(8): 863~865.
[14] Sangin Kim.“Analytical Calculation of Pulse Broadening in Optical Higher Order PMD Compensation”. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2002, 20: 1118~1123.
[15] J. H.Winters, Z. Haas, M.A.Santoro, et al.“Optical equalization of polarization dispersion”. Proc. SPIE, 1992, 1787: 346~357.
[16]蒙红云,冯德军,赵春柳等.偏振摸色散及其补偿技术.光通信技术, 2002, 2: 42~46.
[17] Zheng Y, Yang B J, Zhang X G.. Three stages polarization mode dispersion compensator capable of compensating second order polarization mode dispersion, IEEE Photonic Technology Letters, 2002, 14(10):1412-1414.
[18] Fred Buchali, Henning Bülow. Adaptive PMD Compensation by Electrical and Optical Techniques, Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 22, No. 4, April 2004
[19] Jin Wang, Joseph M. Kahn. Performance of Electrical Equalizers in Optically Amplified OOK and DPSK Systems, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, December 2003
[20] Reinhold Noe, David Sandel, M. Yoshida-Dierolf, et al. Polarization Mode Dispersion Compensation at 10, 20, and 40 Gb/s with Various Optical Equalizers. Journal of Lightwave Technology, Volume 17, Issue 9, 1602,September 1999
[21] B. Wedding, A. Chiarotto, W. Kuebart, et al. Fast adaptive control for electronic equalization of PMD, OFC 2001. Technical Digest Postconference Edition ,vol. 2, 2001, pp.TuP4-1-3
[22] H. Bülow. Electronic equalization of transmission impairments. OFC 2002, paper TuE4
[23] A. H. Gnauck, P. J. Winzer. Phase-Shift-Keyed Transmission. proc. Optical Fiber Communications Conf, tutorial paper TuF4, Los Angeles, CA, 2004.
[24] Wang Bin, Wang Lei, Wu X. Statistical analysis of cascade PLC-based PMD compensator. Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering, 2005, (5644): 706-713
[25]王凌.智能优化算法及其应用.北京.清华大学出版社, 2001, p36-61
[26]陈宝林.最优化理论与算法.北京:清华大学出版社, 1989, 411-420
[27]朱奇光.基于PSO算法的自适应PMD补偿系统设计”.仪器仪表学报,2006,27(6):2508-2509.
[28]周保华.光纤通信系统中偏振模色散及其补偿技术的研究.西安电子科技大学. p23-26(2008)
[29]李永刚,李锦萍.有限长单位冲激响应FIR数字滤波器线性相位分析和结构图.首都师范大学学报(自然科学版), Vol.23, No.2 (2002)
[30]J. Lee, P. Roux, U.-V. Koc, et al, A 5-b 10-GSample/s A/D converter for 10-Gb/s optical receivers, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 39, no. 10, pp. 1671-1679, Oct. 2004.
[31]谢詹奇,戴庆元.均衡其技术研究.微处理机, p26, No.3 (2009)
[32]郭业才.自适应盲均衡技术.合肥工业大学出版社, p15 (2007)
[33]朱思宇.光纤偏振模色散电域补偿方案的研究[硕士论文].河北工业大学, p20(2006)
[34] C. Rauscher. Microwave active fliters based on transversal and recursive principles, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. MTT-33,no. 12, pp. 1350-1360, Dec. 1985
[35] S. Pavan. Continuous-time integrated FIR Flters at microwave frequencies, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems-Part II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 15-20, Jan. 2004
[36]郭业才.自适应盲均衡技术.合肥工业大学出版社, p16 (2007)
[37] Alan Hastings著,张为等译.模拟电路板图的艺术.第二版.北京:电子工业出版社, 2007. 211-212
[38] Saint C.著,李伟华等译.集成电路板图基础-实用指南(翻译版).北京:清华大学出版社, 2006.219-222
[39]冯建林.光纤传输系统的色散补偿技术及其应用.有线电视技术, p20(2008)