PXI Express外置控制器研制
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摘要
随着PCI Express技术的发展及其在背板中的应用,PXI Express自动测试系统也迅猛发展。PXI Express以其高性能、低成本、兼容性等特点进入到更多以往被昂贵的专用仪器控制的的高速测试领域。本文设计了基于PCI Express电缆连接的外置控制器,实现了用台式计算机对PXI Express系统的远程控制,在享有台式机高性能的同时能有效应对恶劣的测试环境。
本文首先根据PXI Express外置控制器的功能进行了需求分析,制定了总体设计方案。将外置控制器分为两个模块:位于计算机PCI Express插槽的驱动模块和位于PXI Express机箱系统槽的系统模块,二者通过PCI Express电缆连接来实现远程控制。PCI Express驱动模块阐述了高速差分信号的调整技术,通过对高速信号的具体分析,完成了对x4通道PCI Express差分信号和差分参考时钟的驱动处理,以进行远距离传输,该模块同时支持所有的电缆辅助信号。PXI Express系统模块通过介绍PCI Express交换技术,利用交换芯片完成了上游x4链路对下游4x4或8+16 PCI Express链路的扩展,实现了与背板PCI Express链路的透明连接;同时详细分析了时钟分配方案及系统模块其它信号的处理。系统模块中采用FPGA实现了PCI Express接口转换,扩展了PXI触发总线控制器,支持内触发和外触发两种方式;同时支持了系统模块SMBus功能,利用两线制串行总线对背板容量记录的串行EPROM读写,进行背板识别。由于高速信号处理贯穿于整个设计中,本文结合信号完整性理论,对高速信号进行严格的规划和布局布线约束,保证了高速信号的质量。
本文最后搭建了PXI Express测试系统,对PXI Express外置控制器套件进行了功能和性能分析。实验结果表明,该控制器的功能和各项指标满足设计要求。
With the development of PCI Express technology and its application in the backplane, the automatic test system of PXI Express gets promoted. PXI Express accesses to more test areas used to be controlled by expensive and dedicated high-speed instruments for its high performance, low-cost and compatibility. The paper designs a PXI Express remote controller based on PCI Express cable to control the PXI Express system with an ordinary desktop. While enjoying the high-performance of desktop , it also can cope with harsh test environment.
This thesis raised requirement analysis on the PXI Express remote controller first, then developed the overall design.The remote controller is divided into two modules: the driver module in the PCI Express slot of your computer and the system module in the system slot of PXI Express chassis, the two achived remote control through the PCI Express cable. The design of PCI Express driver module described the adjustment technology of high-speed differential signals, through detailed analysis on high-speed signals.It completed the prossing of a x4 link of PCI Express differential signals also with the differential reference clocks for long-distance transmission, the module supported all of the auxiliary signals of PCI Express cables. The PXI Express system module introduced PCI Express switching technology, and used it to complete PCI Express link expansion, from a x4 link of the upstream to downstream of link 4x4 or link 8+16. This achieved transparent connection of the upstream PCI Express link with the backplane. At the same time, the system module analyzed the clock distribution and the other signal processing of the system module. The use of PCI Express interface conversion in FPGA helped to achieve the expansion of the PXI trigger bus controller, which supports to bus trigger and external trigger in two ways; also achived SMBus functionality of the system modules, using two-wire serial bus to read or write the serial EPROM for capacity record in the backplane to relize the backplane identification. As high-speed signal processing throughout the entire design, the design had rigorous planning, placement and routing constraints to ensure high-speed signal quality with the theory of signal integrity of high-speed signals.
Finally, the test system of PXI Express is built for the functional and performance analysis of the PXI Express external controller suite. Experimental results show that the controller functionality and technical specifications meet the design requirements.
本文首先根据PXI Express外置控制器的功能进行了需求分析,制定了总体设计方案。将外置控制器分为两个模块:位于计算机PCI Express插槽的驱动模块和位于PXI Express机箱系统槽的系统模块,二者通过PCI Express电缆连接来实现远程控制。PCI Express驱动模块阐述了高速差分信号的调整技术,通过对高速信号的具体分析,完成了对x4通道PCI Express差分信号和差分参考时钟的驱动处理,以进行远距离传输,该模块同时支持所有的电缆辅助信号。PXI Express系统模块通过介绍PCI Express交换技术,利用交换芯片完成了上游x4链路对下游4x4或8+16 PCI Express链路的扩展,实现了与背板PCI Express链路的透明连接;同时详细分析了时钟分配方案及系统模块其它信号的处理。系统模块中采用FPGA实现了PCI Express接口转换,扩展了PXI触发总线控制器,支持内触发和外触发两种方式;同时支持了系统模块SMBus功能,利用两线制串行总线对背板容量记录的串行EPROM读写,进行背板识别。由于高速信号处理贯穿于整个设计中,本文结合信号完整性理论,对高速信号进行严格的规划和布局布线约束,保证了高速信号的质量。
本文最后搭建了PXI Express测试系统,对PXI Express外置控制器套件进行了功能和性能分析。实验结果表明,该控制器的功能和各项指标满足设计要求。
With the development of PCI Express technology and its application in the backplane, the automatic test system of PXI Express gets promoted. PXI Express accesses to more test areas used to be controlled by expensive and dedicated high-speed instruments for its high performance, low-cost and compatibility. The paper designs a PXI Express remote controller based on PCI Express cable to control the PXI Express system with an ordinary desktop. While enjoying the high-performance of desktop , it also can cope with harsh test environment.
This thesis raised requirement analysis on the PXI Express remote controller first, then developed the overall design.The remote controller is divided into two modules: the driver module in the PCI Express slot of your computer and the system module in the system slot of PXI Express chassis, the two achived remote control through the PCI Express cable. The design of PCI Express driver module described the adjustment technology of high-speed differential signals, through detailed analysis on high-speed signals.It completed the prossing of a x4 link of PCI Express differential signals also with the differential reference clocks for long-distance transmission, the module supported all of the auxiliary signals of PCI Express cables. The PXI Express system module introduced PCI Express switching technology, and used it to complete PCI Express link expansion, from a x4 link of the upstream to downstream of link 4x4 or link 8+16. This achieved transparent connection of the upstream PCI Express link with the backplane. At the same time, the system module analyzed the clock distribution and the other signal processing of the system module. The use of PCI Express interface conversion in FPGA helped to achieve the expansion of the PXI trigger bus controller, which supports to bus trigger and external trigger in two ways; also achived SMBus functionality of the system modules, using two-wire serial bus to read or write the serial EPROM for capacity record in the backplane to relize the backplane identification. As high-speed signal processing throughout the entire design, the design had rigorous planning, placement and routing constraints to ensure high-speed signal quality with the theory of signal integrity of high-speed signals.
Finally, the test system of PXI Express is built for the functional and performance analysis of the PXI Express external controller suite. Experimental results show that the controller functionality and technical specifications meet the design requirements.
引文
1 Ajay V Bhat. Creating a Third Generation I/O Interconnect. Intel Corporation. 2002: 1~3
2魏鹏,罗武胜,杜列波.PCI Express总线及其应用设计研究.电测与仪表.2007(2):43
3王丽英. PXI Express将PXI平台推向新应用领域.今日电子.2008.5
4 Faya Peng. Integrating PCI Express into PXI and VXI for High Performance System. IEEE 2007: 405~409
5 Greg Caesar. PXI Express Increases Bandwidth 45X, Preserves Compatibility, Instrumentation Newsletter, 2005
6 Greg Caesar, Mark Wetzel. PXI Express: Extending Backplanes to 6GBYTES/s While Maintaining Backwards Compatibility. IEEE 2005: 231~234
7 Faya Peng. Integrating PCI Express into PXI and VXI for High Performance System. IEEE 2007: 405~409
8 Jennifer Schwartz. PXI Express Technology and Mainstream Applications. National Instruments. IEEE AUTOTESTCON,2008
9杨明.CPCI零槽控制器模块设计.电子科技大学硕士学位论文.2005:1~4
10李波.高性能计算机I/O总线技术研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文. 2008:2~45
11怀胎四年:PCI-E 3.0标准规范终于生.http://news.mydrivers-.com/1/179/1799 28.htm
12 Chetan Kapoor, Sarah Schlonsky .Using PXImc for Creating High-Performance Multicomputer Test and Control Systems. National Instruments.IEEE 2010
13 Cabled PCI Express as a Standard Interface for Virtual and Synthetic Instruments, National Instruments, viewed 141 June 11, 2007,.
14 PCI SIG. PCI Express External Cabling Specificaiton Revision 1.0. January 4,2007
15唐毅. PXI Express双通道A/D模块研制.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文. 2009.6:1~5
16王丽英.2010年PXI TAC 2010:展望未来自动化测试关键技术.今日电子.2010.7
17 NI推出用于PXI Express的高带宽,低延迟光纤远程控制器.新品在线.2010.2
18高长平.CML高速串行接口电路的设计与实现.国防科技大学硕士学位论文.2008:4-9
19陈利彬. PCI Express总线SpaceWire接口卡研制.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文.2010:16~17
20田玉敏,王崧,张波. PCI Express系统体系结构标准教材.电子工业出版社. 2005:4~5
21杜金榜,王跃科,王湘祁等.军用自动测试设备的发展趋向.计算机自动测量与控制. 2001, 9(5): 1-3
22吕平,杜晓宁,兰巨龙.高速PCB设计中GHz串行信号的完整性分析与仿真.信息工程大学学报. 2006, 7(4): 364~367
23谢詹奇.高速LVDS收发器的研究与设计.上海交通大学学位论文.2008: 14~15
24董慧娟.高速串行链路的信号均衡技术.计算机工程. 2005, 31(22): 122~124
25 NS公司.高速信号路径的设计问题—DVI/HDMI电缆延长方案的挑战.世界电子元器件. 2007,9: 92~98
26肖海鹏. 2.5Gbps高速LVDS收发器的设计与实现.国防科技大学工学硕士学位论文.2009,7: 10~12
27刘中唯,张涛,刘政林,邹雪城.具有预加重功能的LVDS驱动电路.微电子学与计算机. 2007,24(1): 133~135
28谢詹奇,戴庆元.均衡技术研究.微处理机. 2009,6: 23~26
29 A 5-Gb/s Inductorless CMOS Adaptive Equalizerfor PCI Express Generation II Applications. 2010, 57(5)
30 G. E. Zhang and M. M. Green, A 10-Gb/s BiCMOS adaptive cable equalizer, IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 40, no. 11, pp. 2132–2140,Nov. 2005.
31 PCISIG. PCI Express Card Electromechanical(CEM)Specification, Reversion1.0a. April 15, 2003: 101~140
32屈涛. CompacatPCI Express体系结构技术分析.工业控制计算机.2006,19(11): 10~12
33郭友洪,杨红官,尚林林. PCI Express交换器交换模块的设计及实现.微电子学与计算机. 2009,26(6): 114~117
34马克杰. PCI Express交换器IP核的设计与研究.山东大学硕士学位论文.2007,4: 51~53
35 Datasheet. ExpressLane PEX 8648-AA,AB and BB 48-Lane/12-Port PCI Express Gen 2 Switch. Version 1.1.September, 2009
36王学宝,郑波祥,周群.一种基于PEX8532的交换板设计.工业控制计算机. 2009,22(2): 11~14
37孟劲松,林建辉,杨东,匡顺兰. PXI总线仪用模块的设计与实现.电子技术应用. 2006,9: 76~78
38王朋,何锋. PXI模块触发总线接口的CPLD实现.今日电子.2007,4: 82~83
39杨锁昌,孟晨,魏保华. PXI触发总线及编程控制.工业仪表与自动化装置. 2002,2: 52~54
40杜江,梁明,陈涛. PXI技术在导弹动态性能测试中的应用.战术导弹技术. 2008. 4: 93~96
41陈宇杰,付安新.基于Verilog的SMBus总线控制器的设计与实现.电子技术应用.2005,7: 78~80
42 PCISIG. Board Design Guidelines for PCI Express? Architecture. 2004 PCI-SIG Asia-Pacific Developers Conference. 2004: 2-31
43 Intel Tecnnology. PHY Interface for the PCIe Architecture, Revision 1.0. June 2003: 8~20
44 Intel Technology. PCI Express Electrical Interconnect Design-Practical Solutions for Board-level Integration and Validation. 2004: 113
45 Mike P.Li. Wavecrest Corporation. Jitter And Signaling Test for High-Speed Links. IEEE 2006 Custom Integrated Circuits Conference. 2006: 65~72
46 Alex Genusov and Zaiq Technologies. Verification of Skew and Jitter Tolerance Compensation in High-Speed Interfaces, White Paper of Zaiq Technologies.2003: 21~27
2魏鹏,罗武胜,杜列波.PCI Express总线及其应用设计研究.电测与仪表.2007(2):43
3王丽英. PXI Express将PXI平台推向新应用领域.今日电子.2008.5
4 Faya Peng. Integrating PCI Express into PXI and VXI for High Performance System. IEEE 2007: 405~409
5 Greg Caesar. PXI Express Increases Bandwidth 45X, Preserves Compatibility, Instrumentation Newsletter, 2005
6 Greg Caesar, Mark Wetzel. PXI Express: Extending Backplanes to 6GBYTES/s While Maintaining Backwards Compatibility. IEEE 2005: 231~234
7 Faya Peng. Integrating PCI Express into PXI and VXI for High Performance System. IEEE 2007: 405~409
8 Jennifer Schwartz. PXI Express Technology and Mainstream Applications. National Instruments. IEEE AUTOTESTCON,2008
9杨明.CPCI零槽控制器模块设计.电子科技大学硕士学位论文.2005:1~4
10李波.高性能计算机I/O总线技术研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文. 2008:2~45
11怀胎四年:PCI-E 3.0标准规范终于生.http://news.mydrivers-.com/1/179/1799 28.htm
12 Chetan Kapoor, Sarah Schlonsky .Using PXImc for Creating High-Performance Multicomputer Test and Control Systems. National Instruments.IEEE 2010
13 Cabled PCI Express as a Standard Interface for Virtual and Synthetic Instruments, National Instruments, viewed 141 June 11, 2007,
14 PCI SIG. PCI Express External Cabling Specificaiton Revision 1.0. January 4,2007
15唐毅. PXI Express双通道A/D模块研制.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文. 2009.6:1~5
16王丽英.2010年PXI TAC 2010:展望未来自动化测试关键技术.今日电子.2010.7
17 NI推出用于PXI Express的高带宽,低延迟光纤远程控制器.新品在线.2010.2
18高长平.CML高速串行接口电路的设计与实现.国防科技大学硕士学位论文.2008:4-9
19陈利彬. PCI Express总线SpaceWire接口卡研制.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文.2010:16~17
20田玉敏,王崧,张波. PCI Express系统体系结构标准教材.电子工业出版社. 2005:4~5
21杜金榜,王跃科,王湘祁等.军用自动测试设备的发展趋向.计算机自动测量与控制. 2001, 9(5): 1-3
22吕平,杜晓宁,兰巨龙.高速PCB设计中GHz串行信号的完整性分析与仿真.信息工程大学学报. 2006, 7(4): 364~367
23谢詹奇.高速LVDS收发器的研究与设计.上海交通大学学位论文.2008: 14~15
24董慧娟.高速串行链路的信号均衡技术.计算机工程. 2005, 31(22): 122~124
25 NS公司.高速信号路径的设计问题—DVI/HDMI电缆延长方案的挑战.世界电子元器件. 2007,9: 92~98
26肖海鹏. 2.5Gbps高速LVDS收发器的设计与实现.国防科技大学工学硕士学位论文.2009,7: 10~12
27刘中唯,张涛,刘政林,邹雪城.具有预加重功能的LVDS驱动电路.微电子学与计算机. 2007,24(1): 133~135
28谢詹奇,戴庆元.均衡技术研究.微处理机. 2009,6: 23~26
29 A 5-Gb/s Inductorless CMOS Adaptive Equalizerfor PCI Express Generation II Applications. 2010, 57(5)
30 G. E. Zhang and M. M. Green, A 10-Gb/s BiCMOS adaptive cable equalizer, IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 40, no. 11, pp. 2132–2140,Nov. 2005.
31 PCISIG. PCI Express Card Electromechanical(CEM)Specification, Reversion1.0a. April 15, 2003: 101~140
32屈涛. CompacatPCI Express体系结构技术分析.工业控制计算机.2006,19(11): 10~12
33郭友洪,杨红官,尚林林. PCI Express交换器交换模块的设计及实现.微电子学与计算机. 2009,26(6): 114~117
34马克杰. PCI Express交换器IP核的设计与研究.山东大学硕士学位论文.2007,4: 51~53
35 Datasheet. ExpressLane PEX 8648-AA,AB and BB 48-Lane/12-Port PCI Express Gen 2 Switch. Version 1.1.September, 2009
36王学宝,郑波祥,周群.一种基于PEX8532的交换板设计.工业控制计算机. 2009,22(2): 11~14
37孟劲松,林建辉,杨东,匡顺兰. PXI总线仪用模块的设计与实现.电子技术应用. 2006,9: 76~78
38王朋,何锋. PXI模块触发总线接口的CPLD实现.今日电子.2007,4: 82~83
39杨锁昌,孟晨,魏保华. PXI触发总线及编程控制.工业仪表与自动化装置. 2002,2: 52~54
40杜江,梁明,陈涛. PXI技术在导弹动态性能测试中的应用.战术导弹技术. 2008. 4: 93~96
41陈宇杰,付安新.基于Verilog的SMBus总线控制器的设计与实现.电子技术应用.2005,7: 78~80
42 PCISIG. Board Design Guidelines for PCI Express? Architecture. 2004 PCI-SIG Asia-Pacific Developers Conference. 2004: 2-31
43 Intel Tecnnology. PHY Interface for the PCIe Architecture, Revision 1.0. June 2003: 8~20
44 Intel Technology. PCI Express Electrical Interconnect Design-Practical Solutions for Board-level Integration and Validation. 2004: 113
45 Mike P.Li. Wavecrest Corporation. Jitter And Signaling Test for High-Speed Links. IEEE 2006 Custom Integrated Circuits Conference. 2006: 65~72
46 Alex Genusov and Zaiq Technologies. Verification of Skew and Jitter Tolerance Compensation in High-Speed Interfaces, White Paper of Zaiq Technologies.2003: 21~27