糖蜜酒精废液对甘蔗和蔗田土壤影响的研究
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摘要
在新植蔗植期，宿根蔗开垄松蔸时直接浇灌不同浓度糖蜜酒精废液，与常规化肥施用量和不施肥的处理作比较试验，研究直接浇灌糖蜜酒精废液对新植蔗和第一年宿根蔗的影响；同时了解一年和连续两年直接浇灌不同浓度糖蜜酒精废液对蔗田土壤一些特性的影响。结果表明：
1．施用糖蜜酒精废液提高了新植蔗和第一年宿根蔗前中期叶片中苹果酸酶、淀粉酶、过氧化物酶、硝酸还原酶的活性及叶绿素a、叶绿素b、水溶性蛋白、全氮、全钾含量。
2．工艺成熟期，新植蔗直接浇灌糖蜜酒精废液处理甘蔗叶片中过氧化物酶、中性转化酶、蔗糖磷酸合成酶、蔗糖合成酶(合成方向)活性低于其它处理的，同时甘蔗叶片水溶性蛋白含量增加；宿根蔗，工艺成熟期前期这些酶活性略低于其它处理的，而在后期与其它处理的相当，甘蔗品质的变化趋势与这些酶活性变化基本一致。
3．浇灌糖蜜酒精废液的新植蔗和宿根蔗的出苗率、分蘖率、株高、有效茎数和产量显著高于施用化肥和不施肥处理的。
4．新植蔗浇灌(45T糖蜜酒精废液+60T清水)／hm~2以及宿根蔗浇灌(75T糖蜜酒精废液+30T清水)／hm~2糖蜜酒精废液的出苗数、分蘖数、株高和产量与浇灌105T／hm~2糖蜜酒精废液的大致相同甚至略高于浇灌105T／hm~2糖蜜酒精废液的。
5．施用糖蜜酒精废液提高了蔗地的有机质含量、全N量和速效K含量，但降低了蔗地速效P含量和蔗叶中全P含量。
Different rates of vinasse were applied when the plant cane was planted and the ratoon cane after the earth was broken from the stubbles of sugarcane. The routine fertilization and no fertilization were designed as the controls in the experiment. To investigate the effects of application of different rates of vinasse from cane sugar mill on the plant and the first ratoon crops, and to investigate the effects of vinasse on some characteristics of soil in sugarcane field after applying different rates of vinasse at sugarcane field in one or two years respectively. The results were as follows.
1. The vinasse increased the activity of NR, NADP-malic enzyme, peroxidase, and amylase, and the contents of Chl.a, Chl.b, water soluble protein, nitrogen and potassium in leaves of the plant and the first ratoon crops of sugarcane until technical maturing stage.
2. For the plant crop, the activity of peroxidase, neutral invertase, SPS and SS in sugarcane leaves were lower, but the content of water soluble protein in leaves were higher in the vinasse treatments than in the other treatments at the technical maturing stage. For the ratoon crops, the activities of the tested enzymes were lower in the vinasse treatments than the other treatments at early technical maturing stage, but they were similar to the other treatments later. The change tendency of cane quality was consistent with the activities of the enzymes.
3. The emergence rate, tillering rate, plant height, millable stalks per hectare and cane yield of the plant and the ratoon crops were higher in the vinasse treatments than in the no fertilization control and the routine fertilization treatment.
4. The emergence rate, tillering rate, millable stalks per hectare and cane yield in the plant crop in the treatments with 45t vinasse + 60t water per hectare and that with 75t vinasse + 30t water per hectare were equal to those in the treatment with 105t vinasse per hectare, or even higher.
5. The vinasse treatments increased the the contents of organic matter, total N and available K of the soil in the field, but slightly reduced the content of available P in the soil and the content of phosphorus in the plant leaves.
1．施用糖蜜酒精废液提高了新植蔗和第一年宿根蔗前中期叶片中苹果酸酶、淀粉酶、过氧化物酶、硝酸还原酶的活性及叶绿素a、叶绿素b、水溶性蛋白、全氮、全钾含量。
2．工艺成熟期，新植蔗直接浇灌糖蜜酒精废液处理甘蔗叶片中过氧化物酶、中性转化酶、蔗糖磷酸合成酶、蔗糖合成酶(合成方向)活性低于其它处理的，同时甘蔗叶片水溶性蛋白含量增加；宿根蔗，工艺成熟期前期这些酶活性略低于其它处理的，而在后期与其它处理的相当，甘蔗品质的变化趋势与这些酶活性变化基本一致。
3．浇灌糖蜜酒精废液的新植蔗和宿根蔗的出苗率、分蘖率、株高、有效茎数和产量显著高于施用化肥和不施肥处理的。
4．新植蔗浇灌(45T糖蜜酒精废液+60T清水)／hm~2以及宿根蔗浇灌(75T糖蜜酒精废液+30T清水)／hm~2糖蜜酒精废液的出苗数、分蘖数、株高和产量与浇灌105T／hm~2糖蜜酒精废液的大致相同甚至略高于浇灌105T／hm~2糖蜜酒精废液的。
5．施用糖蜜酒精废液提高了蔗地的有机质含量、全N量和速效K含量，但降低了蔗地速效P含量和蔗叶中全P含量。
Different rates of vinasse were applied when the plant cane was planted and the ratoon cane after the earth was broken from the stubbles of sugarcane. The routine fertilization and no fertilization were designed as the controls in the experiment. To investigate the effects of application of different rates of vinasse from cane sugar mill on the plant and the first ratoon crops, and to investigate the effects of vinasse on some characteristics of soil in sugarcane field after applying different rates of vinasse at sugarcane field in one or two years respectively. The results were as follows.
1. The vinasse increased the activity of NR, NADP-malic enzyme, peroxidase, and amylase, and the contents of Chl.a, Chl.b, water soluble protein, nitrogen and potassium in leaves of the plant and the first ratoon crops of sugarcane until technical maturing stage.
2. For the plant crop, the activity of peroxidase, neutral invertase, SPS and SS in sugarcane leaves were lower, but the content of water soluble protein in leaves were higher in the vinasse treatments than in the other treatments at the technical maturing stage. For the ratoon crops, the activities of the tested enzymes were lower in the vinasse treatments than the other treatments at early technical maturing stage, but they were similar to the other treatments later. The change tendency of cane quality was consistent with the activities of the enzymes.
3. The emergence rate, tillering rate, plant height, millable stalks per hectare and cane yield of the plant and the ratoon crops were higher in the vinasse treatments than in the no fertilization control and the routine fertilization treatment.
4. The emergence rate, tillering rate, millable stalks per hectare and cane yield in the plant crop in the treatments with 45t vinasse + 60t water per hectare and that with 75t vinasse + 30t water per hectare were equal to those in the treatment with 105t vinasse per hectare, or even higher.
5. The vinasse treatments increased the the contents of organic matter, total N and available K of the soil in the field, but slightly reduced the content of available P in the soil and the content of phosphorus in the plant leaves.
引文
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