伊春市带岭区主要虫害（落叶松毛虫）发生规律及防治研究
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摘要
本论文研究伊春市带岭区主要虫害,落叶松毛虫的发生规律及防治,在东北地区,落叶松毛虫主要危害落叶松和红松,是我国东北及内蒙古林区松林的主要害虫。由于幼虫连续二年取食针叶,使树木生长衰弱,引起蛀干害虫发生,进而导致落叶松林木大片死亡,给林业生产带来了巨大的经济损失。因此,研究落叶松毛虫的发生规律及防治技术具有十分重大的现实意义。
本文对落叶松毛虫发生规律和防治技术进行了系统研究,得出结论如下:
(1)落叶松毛虫在伊春市带岭区为二年发生一代,实际跨三个年度,幼虫有9龄,落叶松毛虫的卵多产的松针或松小枝上,孵化时幼虫将卵壳咬破而后爬出,孵化孔多为不整齐,且幼虫爬出后有继续取食卵壳的习性,落叶松毛虫主要在4～8时孵化,正常受精的卵孵化率一般在90%左右。落叶松毛虫成虫寿命平均为6d左右,雌虫的寿命略大于雄虫。
(2)伊春市带岭区的落叶松毛虫性比为♀:♂=1.06:1。性比(♀:♂)基本接近于1:1,且雌虫略多于雄虫,这反映了环境较优越,也表现出该虫种在该区域发育正常,尚有进一步发展的趋势。2007年、2008年和2009年落叶松毛虫各龄级存活的个体数存在明显的差异,可以分析出2009年落叶松毛虫将大发生。通过幼虫各龄级个体分布情况分析,可提前预知下一年度落叶松毛虫能否大发生,为提前采取防治措施提供了科学依据。落叶松毛虫在不同的发育时期,其空间分布格局显著不同。卵期为随机分布,而幼虫期和蛹期为聚集分布。
(3)落叶松毛虫的发生与气候条件有密切的关系,温暖干旱的气候有利于落叶松毛虫的生长发育,另一方面温暖干旱的气候可以使针叶生物化学成分发生变化,增加对幼虫的营养,提高害虫存活率。落叶松毛虫雌虫产卵量随食料不同而有差别。
(4)落叶松毛虫发生严重程度是受林分环境制约的,这样我们可以通过调查,把有利于落叶松毛虫大发生的林地,作为重点检查对象。同时也找出那些具有不利于落叶松毛虫大发生的林分,可不把它放在监测的重点上,这样我们就可分清主次,合理地利用人力物力,避免不必要的浪费。另一方面,我们也可以在林业措施上下功夫杜绝或减小有利于落叶松毛虫发生的环境,以达到自然控制的目的。如适当的封山育林,在人为经营活动中适当地保留稍大的郁闭度(如郁闭度不小于0.7)和保留一定数量的阔叶树等。
(5)人工采摘卵块和蛹能能有效控制落叶松毛虫发生。黑光灯与频振灯诱蛾效果相比,黑光灯略好于频振灯。仅从防治后效果来看,黑光灯好于频振灯,特别是多灯防治尤为突出。悬挂鸟巢箱对控制落叶松毛虫有比较明显的作用,可有效抑制落叶松毛虫种群的发展。
This thesis research main insect pest in Dailing district in Yichun city, with ownership larch caterpillars occurrence regularity and prevention, in the Northeast, larch caterpillar mainly damage larch and Korean pine, is China's Northeastern and pine forest the main insect pests in Inner Mongolia. Due to continuous feeding needles, two larva grow weak, make the tree cavities caused by dry pests occur, which led to the death, give a blockbuster larch trees forestry production brought huge economic losses. Therefore, the study of larch caterpillars occurrence regularity and prevention and control technology has very important practical significance.
This paper studied larch caterpillar occurrence regularity, analyzing conclusion is as follows:
(1) larch caterpillar in ownership is two years happened with generation in Dailing district, actual across three year, larvae nine years old, larch caterpillar eggs prolific pine needles or release of the small branches, and hatching larvae when releasing eggs shell bite open then crawled out, hatch hole more for doesn't furl neatly and larvae climbed out after feeding egg shell habit continued larch caterpillars, mainly in 4 ~ 8 hatch the eggs hatch, normal fertilization rates generally about 90%. The average adult life for larch caterpillar 6d left and right sides, female insect life slightly higher than male worm.
(2) with the ownership Dailing larch caterpillar sex ratio for♀: came = 1.06:1. Sex ratio (came)♀: basic thereabouts, and female insect slightly more than male worm, reflecting the environment is superior, also show the worm in the regional developing normally, there are further development trend. In 2007 and 2008 and 2009 larch caterpillar each age level of individual number of live there exist obvious differences can be analyzed into 2009 larch caterpillar will be large happen. Through each age level larva individual distribution analysis, can predict early next year, whether big happened larch caterpillar for early protective measures are provided scientific basis. Larch caterpillar in different development stages, the spatial distribution pattern varies significantly.
(3) larch caterpillars occurrence and climatic conditions have close relations, and warm arid climate conducive to larch caterpillar growth and development, on the other hand warm arid climate can make acerola biological chemical composition change, an increase of larvae of nutrition, improve pests survival. Larch caterpillar female insect spawning quantity with univariate vary.
(4) larch caterpillar happen severity is influenced by environmental constraints of the stand, so we can through investigation, the benefit of larch caterpillar serious occurrence of forestland, as the key inspection object. Also find those with unfavorable to the forest larch caterpillar big happened, don't put it on monitoring point so that we can set priorities and rational use of manpower and material resources to avoid unnecessary waste. On the other hand, we also can be in forestry measures to prevent or reduce fluctuation kongfu larch caterpillar occurring conditions, in order to achieve the purpose of natural control. If appropriate closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation in human activities appropriate to keep largish crown density (such as crown density not less than 0.7) and retention of a certain number of hardwood etc.
(5) artificially picking LuanKuai and pupa can effectively control larch caterpillar happen. Black lights and frequency vibration light traping moth effect compared, black lights is slightly better than frequency vibration lamp. Only after judging from prevention effect, black lights better than frequency vibration lamp, especially the lamp prevention outstandingly. Hanging nest box to control larch caterpillar obvious effect, can restrain the development of larch caterpillar population.
本文对落叶松毛虫发生规律和防治技术进行了系统研究,得出结论如下:
(1)落叶松毛虫在伊春市带岭区为二年发生一代,实际跨三个年度,幼虫有9龄,落叶松毛虫的卵多产的松针或松小枝上,孵化时幼虫将卵壳咬破而后爬出,孵化孔多为不整齐,且幼虫爬出后有继续取食卵壳的习性,落叶松毛虫主要在4～8时孵化,正常受精的卵孵化率一般在90%左右。落叶松毛虫成虫寿命平均为6d左右,雌虫的寿命略大于雄虫。
(2)伊春市带岭区的落叶松毛虫性比为♀:♂=1.06:1。性比(♀:♂)基本接近于1:1,且雌虫略多于雄虫,这反映了环境较优越,也表现出该虫种在该区域发育正常,尚有进一步发展的趋势。2007年、2008年和2009年落叶松毛虫各龄级存活的个体数存在明显的差异,可以分析出2009年落叶松毛虫将大发生。通过幼虫各龄级个体分布情况分析,可提前预知下一年度落叶松毛虫能否大发生,为提前采取防治措施提供了科学依据。落叶松毛虫在不同的发育时期,其空间分布格局显著不同。卵期为随机分布,而幼虫期和蛹期为聚集分布。
(3)落叶松毛虫的发生与气候条件有密切的关系,温暖干旱的气候有利于落叶松毛虫的生长发育,另一方面温暖干旱的气候可以使针叶生物化学成分发生变化,增加对幼虫的营养,提高害虫存活率。落叶松毛虫雌虫产卵量随食料不同而有差别。
(4)落叶松毛虫发生严重程度是受林分环境制约的,这样我们可以通过调查,把有利于落叶松毛虫大发生的林地,作为重点检查对象。同时也找出那些具有不利于落叶松毛虫大发生的林分,可不把它放在监测的重点上,这样我们就可分清主次,合理地利用人力物力,避免不必要的浪费。另一方面,我们也可以在林业措施上下功夫杜绝或减小有利于落叶松毛虫发生的环境,以达到自然控制的目的。如适当的封山育林,在人为经营活动中适当地保留稍大的郁闭度(如郁闭度不小于0.7)和保留一定数量的阔叶树等。
(5)人工采摘卵块和蛹能能有效控制落叶松毛虫发生。黑光灯与频振灯诱蛾效果相比,黑光灯略好于频振灯。仅从防治后效果来看,黑光灯好于频振灯,特别是多灯防治尤为突出。悬挂鸟巢箱对控制落叶松毛虫有比较明显的作用,可有效抑制落叶松毛虫种群的发展。
This thesis research main insect pest in Dailing district in Yichun city, with ownership larch caterpillars occurrence regularity and prevention, in the Northeast, larch caterpillar mainly damage larch and Korean pine, is China's Northeastern and pine forest the main insect pests in Inner Mongolia. Due to continuous feeding needles, two larva grow weak, make the tree cavities caused by dry pests occur, which led to the death, give a blockbuster larch trees forestry production brought huge economic losses. Therefore, the study of larch caterpillars occurrence regularity and prevention and control technology has very important practical significance.
This paper studied larch caterpillar occurrence regularity, analyzing conclusion is as follows:
(1) larch caterpillar in ownership is two years happened with generation in Dailing district, actual across three year, larvae nine years old, larch caterpillar eggs prolific pine needles or release of the small branches, and hatching larvae when releasing eggs shell bite open then crawled out, hatch hole more for doesn't furl neatly and larvae climbed out after feeding egg shell habit continued larch caterpillars, mainly in 4 ~ 8 hatch the eggs hatch, normal fertilization rates generally about 90%. The average adult life for larch caterpillar 6d left and right sides, female insect life slightly higher than male worm.
(2) with the ownership Dailing larch caterpillar sex ratio for♀: came = 1.06:1. Sex ratio (came)♀: basic thereabouts, and female insect slightly more than male worm, reflecting the environment is superior, also show the worm in the regional developing normally, there are further development trend. In 2007 and 2008 and 2009 larch caterpillar each age level of individual number of live there exist obvious differences can be analyzed into 2009 larch caterpillar will be large happen. Through each age level larva individual distribution analysis, can predict early next year, whether big happened larch caterpillar for early protective measures are provided scientific basis. Larch caterpillar in different development stages, the spatial distribution pattern varies significantly.
(3) larch caterpillars occurrence and climatic conditions have close relations, and warm arid climate conducive to larch caterpillar growth and development, on the other hand warm arid climate can make acerola biological chemical composition change, an increase of larvae of nutrition, improve pests survival. Larch caterpillar female insect spawning quantity with univariate vary.
(4) larch caterpillar happen severity is influenced by environmental constraints of the stand, so we can through investigation, the benefit of larch caterpillar serious occurrence of forestland, as the key inspection object. Also find those with unfavorable to the forest larch caterpillar big happened, don't put it on monitoring point so that we can set priorities and rational use of manpower and material resources to avoid unnecessary waste. On the other hand, we also can be in forestry measures to prevent or reduce fluctuation kongfu larch caterpillar occurring conditions, in order to achieve the purpose of natural control. If appropriate closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation in human activities appropriate to keep largish crown density (such as crown density not less than 0.7) and retention of a certain number of hardwood etc.
(5) artificially picking LuanKuai and pupa can effectively control larch caterpillar happen. Black lights and frequency vibration light traping moth effect compared, black lights is slightly better than frequency vibration lamp. Only after judging from prevention effect, black lights better than frequency vibration lamp, especially the lamp prevention outstandingly. Hanging nest box to control larch caterpillar obvious effect, can restrain the development of larch caterpillar population.
引文
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