离网型风力发电控制器的研制
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摘要
风能作为一种清洁的可再生能源,在缓解能源缺乏和保护环境等方面起到重要的作用,风力发电因此受到广泛关注。风力发电的应用方式包括集中式大型并网风电场和离网型分布式风力发电系统。其中,离网型风力发电特别适合于解决边远地区和分散用户的用电问题。在离网型风力发电系统中,离网型风力发电控制器的主要功能是在保证发电系统稳定运行的基础上提高发电效率并有效地保护发电系统。由于离网型风力发电控制器的性能对发电系统的工作性能有较大影响,因此离网型风力发电控制器的研制已经成为离网型风力发电系统研制的关键技术之一。
本文在对现有研究成果进行系统总结的基础上,结合计算机仿真技术,对离网型风力发电控制器的最大功率跟踪算法及离网型逆变控制算法进行研究,并改进现有算法,同时基于DSP TMS320F2812设计了功率等级1KW的试验样机,进行了相关试验。本文主要进行了如下几方面的工作:
1、在分析离网型风力发电系统的结构和工作原理的基础上,对风力机的功率输出特性、最大功率跟踪的可行性及其工作原理进行深入研究,对其中的关键技术——最大功率跟踪算法及逆变控制算法的各种实现方案进行对比研究,确定离网型风力发电系统的控制与逆变方案。
2、结合现有最大功率跟踪算法在控制过程中出现的优缺点,提出一种改进型的最大功率跟踪算法,利用Matlab/Simulink仿真平台对现有算法及改进型算法进行仿真对比,证明改进型算法的动稳态性能良好,能有效进行最大功率跟踪。
3、基于PID逆变控制方案,对离网型逆变电路进行数学建模,并基于极点配置法对PID参数进行计算,利用Matlab/Simulink对基于极点配置的PID逆变控制算法进行了仿真验证。
4、基于改进型的最大功率跟踪算法和极点配置的PID逆变控制算法,设计了1KW离网型风力发电控制器的硬件电路及软件系统,研制了试验样机,并进行了相关试验。
本文的研究工作为离网型风力发电控制器的工业样机的设计制造提供了大量的设计经验及调试数据,为以后的其产业化打下了基础。
本课题来源于广东省绿色能源技术重点实验室,广东省科技计划项目(2010A010200004),广东省教育部产学研结合项目(2009B090300424)。
With the lack of conventional energy and serious damage to the environment, the use of off-grid wind energy wind power gaining increasing attention. Off-grid wind power generation in ease energy shortages, improving the energy structure of the unreasonable, to solve the problem of electricity in remote areas and the protection of environment, has a great advantage. Off-grid wind power generation system has been to promote the country. As a core part of the off-grid wind power generation system in a controller to improve power generation efficiency, provide a stable and reliable power supply, an important role in protection of power systems. In recent years, the controller of off-grid wind power by scholars and research institutions around the focus of research.
In this paper, the results of a systematic summary of existing research, based on the combination of computer simulation technique to study the off-grid wind power controller, maximum power tracking algorithm and off-grid inverter control algorithm, the improvement of existing algorithms, design based on DSP TMS320F2812 1KW power level of the test prototype, carried out relevant tests. This article was the following several aspects:
1. The off-grid wind energy system structure, working principle was explained, on this basis, the power output of wind turbine maximum power tracking characteristics and feasibility analysis.
2. The currently available maximum power tracking algorithm works and the advantages and disadvantages are analyzed in detail, combined with existing algorithms appear in the control process presented the advantages and disadvantages, an improved MPPT algorithm and describes the control process. At the same time, combined with Matlab/Smulink be improved algorithm to existing algorithms and comparing the simulation show that the improved algorithm of dynamic steady-state performance is good, and can effectively carry out the maximum power tracking.
3. Of the existing off-grid inverter control algorithm, analyze the digital PID control algorithm inverter. On the basis of off-grid inverter circuit modeling method based on pole placement PID parameters were calculated, combined with Matlab/Simulink inverter digital PID control algorithm simulation to prove its effectiveness.
4. The algorithm based on the analysis, design for test power rating of 1KW prototype DSP-based hardware and software systems with the C language. Finally, the relevant tests to prove that the controller can achieve better control algorithm proposed in this paper.
This research work is off-grid wind power controller, the design and manufacture of industrial prototype provides a wealth of experience in the design and debugging of data for future products and lay the foundation for the process.
本文在对现有研究成果进行系统总结的基础上,结合计算机仿真技术,对离网型风力发电控制器的最大功率跟踪算法及离网型逆变控制算法进行研究,并改进现有算法,同时基于DSP TMS320F2812设计了功率等级1KW的试验样机,进行了相关试验。本文主要进行了如下几方面的工作:
1、在分析离网型风力发电系统的结构和工作原理的基础上,对风力机的功率输出特性、最大功率跟踪的可行性及其工作原理进行深入研究,对其中的关键技术——最大功率跟踪算法及逆变控制算法的各种实现方案进行对比研究,确定离网型风力发电系统的控制与逆变方案。
2、结合现有最大功率跟踪算法在控制过程中出现的优缺点,提出一种改进型的最大功率跟踪算法,利用Matlab/Simulink仿真平台对现有算法及改进型算法进行仿真对比,证明改进型算法的动稳态性能良好,能有效进行最大功率跟踪。
3、基于PID逆变控制方案,对离网型逆变电路进行数学建模,并基于极点配置法对PID参数进行计算,利用Matlab/Simulink对基于极点配置的PID逆变控制算法进行了仿真验证。
4、基于改进型的最大功率跟踪算法和极点配置的PID逆变控制算法,设计了1KW离网型风力发电控制器的硬件电路及软件系统,研制了试验样机,并进行了相关试验。
本文的研究工作为离网型风力发电控制器的工业样机的设计制造提供了大量的设计经验及调试数据,为以后的其产业化打下了基础。
本课题来源于广东省绿色能源技术重点实验室,广东省科技计划项目(2010A010200004),广东省教育部产学研结合项目(2009B090300424)。
With the lack of conventional energy and serious damage to the environment, the use of off-grid wind energy wind power gaining increasing attention. Off-grid wind power generation in ease energy shortages, improving the energy structure of the unreasonable, to solve the problem of electricity in remote areas and the protection of environment, has a great advantage. Off-grid wind power generation system has been to promote the country. As a core part of the off-grid wind power generation system in a controller to improve power generation efficiency, provide a stable and reliable power supply, an important role in protection of power systems. In recent years, the controller of off-grid wind power by scholars and research institutions around the focus of research.
In this paper, the results of a systematic summary of existing research, based on the combination of computer simulation technique to study the off-grid wind power controller, maximum power tracking algorithm and off-grid inverter control algorithm, the improvement of existing algorithms, design based on DSP TMS320F2812 1KW power level of the test prototype, carried out relevant tests. This article was the following several aspects:
1. The off-grid wind energy system structure, working principle was explained, on this basis, the power output of wind turbine maximum power tracking characteristics and feasibility analysis.
2. The currently available maximum power tracking algorithm works and the advantages and disadvantages are analyzed in detail, combined with existing algorithms appear in the control process presented the advantages and disadvantages, an improved MPPT algorithm and describes the control process. At the same time, combined with Matlab/Smulink be improved algorithm to existing algorithms and comparing the simulation show that the improved algorithm of dynamic steady-state performance is good, and can effectively carry out the maximum power tracking.
3. Of the existing off-grid inverter control algorithm, analyze the digital PID control algorithm inverter. On the basis of off-grid inverter circuit modeling method based on pole placement PID parameters were calculated, combined with Matlab/Simulink inverter digital PID control algorithm simulation to prove its effectiveness.
4. The algorithm based on the analysis, design for test power rating of 1KW prototype DSP-based hardware and software systems with the C language. Finally, the relevant tests to prove that the controller can achieve better control algorithm proposed in this paper.
This research work is off-grid wind power controller, the design and manufacture of industrial prototype provides a wealth of experience in the design and debugging of data for future products and lay the foundation for the process.
引文
[1]李俊峰.风力12在中国[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005
[2]王承煦,张源.风力发电.北京:中国电力出版社,2003
[3]王承煦.风力发电实用技术.北京:金盾出版社,1995
[4]叶杭冶.风力发电机组的控制技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[5]马晓爽,高日,陈慧.风力发电发展简史及各类型风力机比较概述[J].应用能源技术,2007,(9):24-27.
[6]李德孚.小型风力发电行业现状与发展趋势[J].农业工程技术(新能源产业),2007,(1):47-50
[7] Shikha,Bhatti T.S.,Kothari D.P..Early development of modern vertical and horizontal axis wind turbines:A review[J].Wind Engineering,2005,29(3):287-299.
[8] Jung S,Tzou Y.DSP-Based digital control of a PWM inverter for sine wave tracking by optimal state feedback technique.IEEE-PESC’94 Conf.Rec.1994,p546-551
[9] LIN C T,George C S.Neural-Networks-Based fuzzy logic control and decision system.IEEE Trans.Computers,1991,40,p1320-1336
[10] Guha S.,Soloumah H.M.,Kar N.C..Status of and prospect for wind power generation in Canada[J].Wind Engineering,2005,29(3):253-270
[11] Bolinger Mark A..Making European-style community wind power development work in the US[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2005,9(6):556-575.
[12]李德孚,孙建荣.离网型用户风力发电机技术[J].农机科技推广,2006,(8):31-32
[13] Bowen A.J.,Cowie M.,Zakay N..The performance of remote wind-diesel power system[J].Renewable energy,2001,22(4):430-445
[14]俞红鹰.解析我国小型风力发电机产业的误区[J].太阳能,2005,(1):16-18
[15]陆虎瑜.蓄电池充放电保护技术分析和建议[J].太阳能,2004,(3):31-33
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[25] Tan K.Islam S..Optimum control strategies in energy conversion of PMSG wind turbinesystem without mechanical sensors[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2004,19(2):392-399
[26] Mohamed A.Z.,Eskander M.N.,Ghali F.A..Fuzzy logic control based maximum power tracking of a wind energy system[J].Renewable Energy,2001,23(2):235-245.
[27] Morimoto S.,Nakayama H.,Sanada M.,etc..Sensorless output maximization control for variable-speed wind generation system using IPMSG[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2005,41(1):60-67
[28] Li H., Zhang D.,Foo S.Y..A stochastic digital implementation of a neural networkcontroller for small wind turbine systems [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2006,21(5):1502-1507.
[29] S.Ogasawana,H.Akagi,A.Nabae,“A novel PWM scheme of voltage source inverter based on space vector theory”,European Power Electronics Conference Record,Aachen,Germany,1989,1197-1202
[30] Astrom, K.J, Hagglund et al.PID Controllers:Theory, Design, and Tuning. Instrument. Society of America,1995
[31] Naser M.Abdel-Rahim John E.Quaicoe.Analysis and Design of a Multiple Feedback Loop Control Strategy for Single-Phase Voltage-Source UPS Inverters.IEEE Trans.Power Electron.,1996,11(4),532-541
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[34]房泽平.独立运行小型风力发电系统功率控制技术研究[D].内蒙古:内蒙古工业大学,2007
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[36]陈坚.电力电子学.北京:高等教育出版社,2002
[37]夏安俊.风力发电机组最大功率点跟踪控制系统的研究[D].无锡:江南大学,2008
[38]郭继高.小型风力发电机试验小型风能发电及其发电机.微特电机,2000,(2):40～44
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[2]王承煦,张源.风力发电.北京:中国电力出版社,2003
[3]王承煦.风力发电实用技术.北京:金盾出版社,1995
[4]叶杭冶.风力发电机组的控制技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[5]马晓爽,高日,陈慧.风力发电发展简史及各类型风力机比较概述[J].应用能源技术,2007,(9):24-27.
[6]李德孚.小型风力发电行业现状与发展趋势[J].农业工程技术(新能源产业),2007,(1):47-50
[7] Shikha,Bhatti T.S.,Kothari D.P..Early development of modern vertical and horizontal axis wind turbines:A review[J].Wind Engineering,2005,29(3):287-299.
[8] Jung S,Tzou Y.DSP-Based digital control of a PWM inverter for sine wave tracking by optimal state feedback technique.IEEE-PESC’94 Conf.Rec.1994,p546-551
[9] LIN C T,George C S.Neural-Networks-Based fuzzy logic control and decision system.IEEE Trans.Computers,1991,40,p1320-1336
[10] Guha S.,Soloumah H.M.,Kar N.C..Status of and prospect for wind power generation in Canada[J].Wind Engineering,2005,29(3):253-270
[11] Bolinger Mark A..Making European-style community wind power development work in the US[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2005,9(6):556-575.
[12]李德孚,孙建荣.离网型用户风力发电机技术[J].农机科技推广,2006,(8):31-32
[13] Bowen A.J.,Cowie M.,Zakay N..The performance of remote wind-diesel power system[J].Renewable energy,2001,22(4):430-445
[14]俞红鹰.解析我国小型风力发电机产业的误区[J].太阳能,2005,(1):16-18
[15]陆虎瑜.蓄电池充放电保护技术分析和建议[J].太阳能,2004,(3):31-33
[16] Svoboda V.,Wenzl H.,Kaiser R.,etc.Operating conditions of batteries in off-grid renewable energy systems[J].Solar Energy,2007,81(11):1409-1425
[17]齐志远,王生铁.小型风力发电系统最大功率控制的扰动法[J].内蒙古工业大学学报,2005,24(2):91-96
[18]贾要勤,曹秉刚,杨仲庆.风力机模拟平台的MPPT快速响应控制方法.太阳能学报,25(3):364～369
[19] Swisher R,Aiva C,Enin J.Strong Winds on the Horizon:Wind Power Comes of Age.Proceeding of the IEEE,2001,89(12):1757～1764
[20] Twidell J.Renewable Energy:Implementation and Benefits.IEEE 2nd Conference on Advances in Power System Control,Operation and Management,Hong Kong,1993
[21] Broe A,Drouilhet,Gevorgian.A Peak Power Tracker for Small Wind Turbines in Battery Charging Applications.IEEE Transactionon Energy on Conversion,1999,14(4):1630～1635
[22] Jones R,Smith G.High Quality Power from Variable Speed Wind Turbines.Renewable Energy,1993,(11):202～206
[23] Wang Q,chang L.An Intelligent Maximum Power Extraction Algorithm for Inverter-Based Variable Speed Wind Turbine System.IEEE Transaction on Power Electronics,2004,19(5):1242～1249
[24] Arifujjaman M.,Iqbal M.T.,Quaicoe J.E..Energy capture by a small wind-energy conversion system[J].Applied Energy,2008,85(1):41-51
[25] Tan K.Islam S..Optimum control strategies in energy conversion of PMSG wind turbinesystem without mechanical sensors[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2004,19(2):392-399
[26] Mohamed A.Z.,Eskander M.N.,Ghali F.A..Fuzzy logic control based maximum power tracking of a wind energy system[J].Renewable Energy,2001,23(2):235-245.
[27] Morimoto S.,Nakayama H.,Sanada M.,etc..Sensorless output maximization control for variable-speed wind generation system using IPMSG[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2005,41(1):60-67
[28] Li H., Zhang D.,Foo S.Y..A stochastic digital implementation of a neural networkcontroller for small wind turbine systems [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2006,21(5):1502-1507.
[29] S.Ogasawana,H.Akagi,A.Nabae,“A novel PWM scheme of voltage source inverter based on space vector theory”,European Power Electronics Conference Record,Aachen,Germany,1989,1197-1202
[30] Astrom, K.J, Hagglund et al.PID Controllers:Theory, Design, and Tuning. Instrument. Society of America,1995
[31] Naser M.Abdel-Rahim John E.Quaicoe.Analysis and Design of a Multiple Feedback Loop Control Strategy for Single-Phase Voltage-Source UPS Inverters.IEEE Trans.Power Electron.,1996,11(4),532-541
[32]童杰,冯培悌.电流控制电压源逆变器滞环控制的一种改进.电气传动,1997, 3-6
[33]齐志远.小型风力发电系统最大功率控制的扰动法及建模分析与仿真[D].内蒙古:内蒙古工业大学,2005
[34]房泽平.独立运行小型风力发电系统功率控制技术研究[D].内蒙古:内蒙古工业大学,2007
[35]王兆安,黄俊等.《电力电子技术》,机械工业出版社, 2003
[36]陈坚.电力电子学.北京:高等教育出版社,2002
[37]夏安俊.风力发电机组最大功率点跟踪控制系统的研究[D].无锡:江南大学,2008
[38]郭继高.小型风力发电机试验小型风能发电及其发电机.微特电机,2000,(2):40～44
[39]黄忠霖.控制系统MATLAB计算及仿真.北京:国防工业出版社,2001
[40]王学辉,张明辉.Matlab 6.1最新应用详解.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2002
[41]薛定宇.控制系统计算机辅助设计——MATLAB语言及应用.北京:清华大学出版,1996
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