斜纹夜蛾对茚虫威抗性风险分析及其抗性生化机理
|
摘要
斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura(Fabricius)是一种世界性分布的重要农业害虫,大量农药的频繁使用,使得斜纹夜蛾抗药性问题日益突出。新型杀虫剂茚虫威具有作用机制独特、杀虫活性突出和对非靶标生物安全等特点,是目前替代有机磷和拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的理想品种。本文以斜纹夜蛾为材料,测定了茚虫威对斜纹夜蛾毒力,评估了斜纹夜蛾对茚虫威的抗性风险,并研究了其抗性生化机理。
(1)用饲料浸毒法测定了茚虫威对斜纹夜蛾敏感种群和泰安田间种群3龄幼虫的毒力,其LC50值分别为0.5816mg·L~(-1)和3.3189mg·L~(-1),茚虫威对泰安种群的毒力比敏感种群低5.71倍,泰安种群对茚虫威已经具有低水平抗药性。
(2)用0.3mg·L~(-1)浓度的茚虫威作初始浓度,采用饲料浸毒法对斜纹夜蛾敏感种群3龄幼虫进行抗性选育。在30～70%死亡率选择压力下,经过饲养13代筛选11次后,斜纹夜蛾对茚虫威的抗性达到69.58倍,抗性增长较快。通过计算求得现实遗传力(h~2)为0.697。如果杀死率为80%～90%时,斜纹夜蛾对茚虫威抗性增长l00倍,仅需要8～10代。斜纹夜蛾对茚虫威存在抗性发展快,容易产生高水平抗性的风险。
(3)通过测定用茚虫威选育的斜纹夜蛾抗性种群(F_(12))羧酸酯酶、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶和多功能氧化酶活性结果表明,选育种群F_(12)代羧酸酯酶活性是选育前的3.70倍,多功能氧化酶O-脱甲基活性是选育前的2.53倍,均显著升高。而谷胱甘肽S-转移酶仅为选育前的1.05倍,差异不显著。斜纹夜蛾对茚虫威的抗性产生与羧酸酯酶和多功能氧化酶活性有关,与谷胱甘肽S-转移酶无关。
The common cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius), was a worl- dwide distributed agricultural pest. Frequent application of chemical insecticides against S.litura had led to the development of insecticide resistance. Indoxacarb was a novel insecticide belonging to the oxadiazine class with unique action mechanism, excellent insecti- cidal activity and low toxicity to no target organisms; it was therefore an ideal candidate to substitute organophosphate and pyrethroid insect- icides. In this paper, the toxicological characteristics of indoxacarb against S.litura had been studied, which including toxicity, resistance risk and biochemical mechanism of resistance.
(1) Toxicity of indoxacarb to 3rd instars larvae of a susceptible and a Tai’an field population of S. litura was determined by artificial diet dipping method. The results showed that the LC50 values of the susceptible and field populations were 0.5816 and 3.3189 mg·L~(-1), respectively. The toxicity of Tai’an field population was lower 5.71 times than that of the susceptible population, which demonstrated that Tai’an field population had low resistance to indoxacarb.
(2) Based on the bioassay results, 0.3 mg·L~(-1) of indoxacarb as initial concentration was used to select 3rd instars larvae of the susceptible population of S. litura by artificial diet dipping method. After 11 times of selection with indoxacarb during 13continuous generations, the selection population obtained 69.58 folds of resistance compared with its unselected parents. So we can infer from above results that S.litura have high capability to develop resistance to indoxacarb in relative short time. When realized heritability was 0.697 and killing rate was 80% ~ 90%, resistance of S.litura reached l00 folds in just 8 to 10 generations.
(3) Activity of carboxy lesterase, glutathioneS-transferase and multi- function oxidase of selected F_(12) generation was determined. The results showed that the activity of carboxy lesterase and multi-function oxidase in selected F_(12) generation were 3.70 and 2.53 times high than that of unselected parents.But the activity of glutathione S-transferase in the same selection genenration was really close to the unselected parents with no significant difference. Above results demonstrated that resistance of S.litura to indoxacarb had close relation with carboxy lesterase and multi-function oxidase.
(1)用饲料浸毒法测定了茚虫威对斜纹夜蛾敏感种群和泰安田间种群3龄幼虫的毒力,其LC50值分别为0.5816mg·L~(-1)和3.3189mg·L~(-1),茚虫威对泰安种群的毒力比敏感种群低5.71倍,泰安种群对茚虫威已经具有低水平抗药性。
(2)用0.3mg·L~(-1)浓度的茚虫威作初始浓度,采用饲料浸毒法对斜纹夜蛾敏感种群3龄幼虫进行抗性选育。在30～70%死亡率选择压力下,经过饲养13代筛选11次后,斜纹夜蛾对茚虫威的抗性达到69.58倍,抗性增长较快。通过计算求得现实遗传力(h~2)为0.697。如果杀死率为80%～90%时,斜纹夜蛾对茚虫威抗性增长l00倍,仅需要8～10代。斜纹夜蛾对茚虫威存在抗性发展快,容易产生高水平抗性的风险。
(3)通过测定用茚虫威选育的斜纹夜蛾抗性种群(F_(12))羧酸酯酶、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶和多功能氧化酶活性结果表明,选育种群F_(12)代羧酸酯酶活性是选育前的3.70倍,多功能氧化酶O-脱甲基活性是选育前的2.53倍,均显著升高。而谷胱甘肽S-转移酶仅为选育前的1.05倍,差异不显著。斜纹夜蛾对茚虫威的抗性产生与羧酸酯酶和多功能氧化酶活性有关,与谷胱甘肽S-转移酶无关。
The common cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius), was a worl- dwide distributed agricultural pest. Frequent application of chemical insecticides against S.litura had led to the development of insecticide resistance. Indoxacarb was a novel insecticide belonging to the oxadiazine class with unique action mechanism, excellent insecti- cidal activity and low toxicity to no target organisms; it was therefore an ideal candidate to substitute organophosphate and pyrethroid insect- icides. In this paper, the toxicological characteristics of indoxacarb against S.litura had been studied, which including toxicity, resistance risk and biochemical mechanism of resistance.
(1) Toxicity of indoxacarb to 3rd instars larvae of a susceptible and a Tai’an field population of S. litura was determined by artificial diet dipping method. The results showed that the LC50 values of the susceptible and field populations were 0.5816 and 3.3189 mg·L~(-1), respectively. The toxicity of Tai’an field population was lower 5.71 times than that of the susceptible population, which demonstrated that Tai’an field population had low resistance to indoxacarb.
(2) Based on the bioassay results, 0.3 mg·L~(-1) of indoxacarb as initial concentration was used to select 3rd instars larvae of the susceptible population of S. litura by artificial diet dipping method. After 11 times of selection with indoxacarb during 13continuous generations, the selection population obtained 69.58 folds of resistance compared with its unselected parents. So we can infer from above results that S.litura have high capability to develop resistance to indoxacarb in relative short time. When realized heritability was 0.697 and killing rate was 80% ~ 90%, resistance of S.litura reached l00 folds in just 8 to 10 generations.
(3) Activity of carboxy lesterase, glutathioneS-transferase and multi- function oxidase of selected F_(12) generation was determined. The results showed that the activity of carboxy lesterase and multi-function oxidase in selected F_(12) generation were 3.70 and 2.53 times high than that of unselected parents.But the activity of glutathione S-transferase in the same selection genenration was really close to the unselected parents with no significant difference. Above results demonstrated that resistance of S.litura to indoxacarb had close relation with carboxy lesterase and multi-function oxidase.
引文
1.丁锦华,苏建亚.农业昆虫学.北京:中国农业出版社, 2002. 281.
2.丁宁,孟庆伟,赵伟杰,等.噁二嗪类杀虫剂茚虫威的研究进展.农药学学报, 2005, 7 (2): 97~103.
3.王光峰,张友军,柏连阳,等.多杀菌素对甜菜夜蛾多酚氧化酶和羧酸酯酶的影响.农药学学报, 2003, 5 (2): 40~46.
4.王光锋,张友军,柏连阳.多杀菌素对甜菜夜蛾多酚氧化酶和羧酸酯酶的影响.农药学学报, 2003, 5 (2): 39~ 44
5.王藕芳,王加更,包生土.斜纹夜蛾的发生与综合防治技术.上海农业科技, 2002, (5): 80.
6.王学平,杨玉洁,宋汝国,等.大白菜田斜纹夜蛾的发生危害与防治.上海蔬菜, 2005, (1): 63~ 64.
7.王义平,吴鸿.昆虫抗药性的分子机理研究进展.中国森林病虫, 2002, 5: 34~36
8.王小艺,沈佐锐.亚致死剂量杀虫剂对异色瓢虫捕食作用的影响.生态学报, 2002, 22 (12): 2278~ 2284.
9.贝亚维,茹水江,陈笑芸,等.温度对斜纹夜蛾生长发育和存活的影响.浙江农业学报, 2001, 13 (4): 197~200
10.甘少明. 15%安打悬浮剂防治甘蓝主要鳞翅目害虫的药效试验.甘肃农业科技, 2007, 6: 27~29
11.叶柄辉,朱昌亮.昆虫抗药性的形成机理及其治理.卫生杀虫药械, 2001, 7 (1): 10~12
12.司书鼎.溴虫腈对家蚕和甜菜夜蛾的选择毒性及选择机制研究. (硕士学位论文) 2008.
13.江西省减灾委员会办公室. 2005年江西省减轻自然灾害白皮书.南昌:江西省减灾委员会办公室, 2006.
14.刘永杰,沈晋良,贾变桃,等.甜菜夜蛾不同世代对氯氟氰菊酯抗性减退及多功能氧化酶系活性变化.昆虫学报, 2007, 50 (4): 349~354
15.刘永杰,沈晋良.甜菜夜蛾对四类杀虫剂的抗药性监测.棉花学报, 2002, 14 (6) : 356~360
16.刘玮玮,慕卫,朱炳煜,等.虫酰肼对甜菜夜蛾生长发育的影响及抗性选育.中国农业科学, 2008, 41(5): 1366~1372
17.刘长令.新型高效杀虫剂茚虫威.农药, 2003, 42 (2): 42~ 44.
18.孙新元,陈学新,张纯胄,等. 15 %杜邦安打悬浮剂室内毒力及田间药效试验浙江农业科学. 2003, 5: 269~271
19.许雄山,韩召军,王荫长.羧酸酯酶与棉铃虫对有机磷杀虫剂抗性的关系[J].南京农业大学学报(自然科学版), 1999, 22 (4): 41~ 44
20.朱家颖,叶敏,胡纯华,等.印楝素对斜纹夜蛾生长发育的影响.江西农业学报, 2006, 18 (1): 26~29
21.朱丽梅,倪钰萍,曹晓宇,等.斜纹夜蛾的人工饲养技术.昆虫知识, 2001, 38 (3): 227~228.
22.何林,赵志模,邓新平,等.朱砂叶螨对3种杀螨剂的抗性选育及抗性治理研究.中国农业科学, 2003 , 36 (4): 403~ 408
23.何书海,韩丙军,彭黎旭.昆虫抗药性研究进展及其新农药开发对策.热带农业科学, 2006, 26 (5): 75~80
24.李晓东,陈文奎,胡美英.印楝素,闹羊花素-Ⅲ对斜纹夜蛾的生物活性及作用机理的研究.华南农业大学学报, 1995, 16 (2): 80~85.
25.李国清,慕莉莉,严焯辉. B. t与敌百虫、氰戊菊酯对棉铃虫的联合作用.农药, 2000, 39 (2): 23~25.
26.李云寿,罗万春,赵善欢.取食不同寄主植物的斜纹夜蛾对化学杀虫剂敏感性的变化.农药科学与管理, 1996, 57 (1): 33~36.
27.李果.棉花斜纹夜蛾的发生及防治.现代农业科技, 2008 , 9
28.来有鹏,刘贤进,余向阳,等.羧酸酯酶和谷胱甘肽转移酶在农药安全性评价中的应用初探.江苏农业学报, 2008, 24 (6): 944~ 947
29.吴世昌,顾言真,王冬生.斜纹夜蛾的抗药性及其防治.上海农业学报, 1995, 11 (2): 39 ~ 43.
30.吴存兵,汤锋,吴君艳,等.江淮地区斜纹夜蛾对杀虫剂的抗药性测定[J].安徽农业科学, 2006, 34 (20): 5281~5282
31.吴青君,张文吉,张友军,等.解毒酶系在小菜蛾对阿维菌素抗性中的作用.农药学学报, 2001, 3 (3): 23~28.
32.陈其津,李广宏,庞义.饲养五种夜蛾科昆虫的一种简易人工饲料.昆虫知识, 2000, 37 (6): 325~ 27.
33.陈斌,周小毛,柏连阳,等.斜纹夜蛾防治研究进展.江西农业学报, 2008, 20 (3): 52~ 4
34.陈若霞,吴兴国,何永喜,等.杜邦安打等几种药剂对斜纹夜蛾的防效比较[J].上海蔬菜, 2002, (2): 31~33.
35.罗万春.世界新农药与环境.世界知识出版社, 2002.
36.欧晓明,王永江,乔广行,等.斜纹夜蛾抗性品系选育及其在肟醚类杀虫剂活性评价中的应用.江西农业学报, 2003, 15 (4): 31~35
37.邱立红,张文吉,李晓薇.棉铃虫微粒体多功能氧化酶系组分含量及酶活性在不同生长发育阶段的变化规律研究.农药学学报, 1999, 1 (1): 45~ 50
38.张红英,赤国彤,张金林.昆虫解毒酶系与抗药性研究进展.河北农业大学学报, 2002, 25: 193~195
39.张纯胄,林定鹏,王诚,等.安打对小菜蛾、斜纹夜蛾的毒力及药效试验简报.农药2003, 42 (9): 31~33
40.张咏梅,孙晨熹,李今越.天津地区家蝇抗药性水平及与两种解毒酶的关系.昆虫学报, 2006, 49 (3): 538~542
41.张永亮,曾媛琴,贾永红,等.桑尺蠖多酚氧化酶的纯化及其部分生物化学性质.西南大学学报(自然科学版), 2007, 29 (9): 86~91
42.周桃美.斜纹夜蛾对四类杀虫剂的抗药性监测.中华农业研究, 1984, 33 (3): 331~339.
43.赵善欢.植物化学保护.北京:中国农业出版社, 2001, 1241~2451
44.赵善欢,万树青.杀虫植物的研究及应用进展.广东农业科学, 1997, 1: 26~28.
45.周晓梅,黄炳球.斜纹夜蛾抗药性及其防治对策的研究进展.昆虫知识, 2002, 39 (2) : 98~99.
46.段湘生,曾文平,陈明,等.高效杀虫剂茚虫威的合成及应用.农药研究与应用, 2006, 10 (2): 17~20
47.胡国栋.斜纹夜蛾生活习性及防治.农化新世纪, 2004, (5): 30.
48.施文,姚卫平,刘道贵.沿江江南斜纹夜蛾暴发原因分析及防治对策.安徽农学通报, 2003, 9 (6): 106 ~107.
49.钟列权,李宝福,李克才. 15%安打防治甘蓝小菜蛾及斜纹夜蛾药效试验.江西植保, 2004, 27 (4): 183~185
50.施明安,袁建忠,庄佩君,唐振华.植物农药与药剂毒理学研究进展.北京:中国农业科技出版社, 2002. 231.
51.贾变桃,沈晋良,刘永杰.甜菜夜蛾对虫酰肼的抗药性监测及抗性风险评估.棉花学报, 2006, 18 (3): 164~169.
52.秦厚国,叶正襄,黄水金,等.斜纹夜蛾对棉花的为害及防治指标研究[J].中国棉花, 2000, 27 (4): 24~ 25.
53.聂南生,黄水金,龙丘陵.斜纹夜蛾的抗药性及其治理策略.江西农业学报, 2007, 19 (7): 51~54
54.钱华,吴蓉,左小明,等.马尾松幼虫血淋巴羧酸酯酶的诱导及其与抗菌物质的相关性研究.浙江林业科技, 1998, 18 (6): 30~32.
55.涂业苟,吴孔明,薛芳森,等.不同寄主植物对斜纹夜蛾生长发育、繁殖及飞行的影响.棉花学报, 2008, 20 (2): 105~109
56.唐振华.昆虫抗药性.北京:农业出版社, 1993, 302~335.
57.夏冰,石泰,梁沛,等.杀虫剂亚致死剂量对小菜蛾羧酸酯酶的影响.农药学学报, 2002, 4 (1): 23~27.
58.袁群,江媛媛.家蝇抗药性与羧酸酯酶活性关系探讨. 2004, 10 (3): 307~ 308
59.姚文辉.斜纹夜蛾的生物学特性.华东昆虫学报, 2005, 14 (2): 122~127.
60.黄水金,李伟红,江金林.南昌地区斜纹夜蛾种群的抗性水平及与两种解毒酶的关系.江西农业学报, 2007, 19 (4): 53~55
61.黄钢,周立强,刘继敏,等.酯酶活性测定在家蝇抗性监测中的应用研究.中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 1995, 6 (5): 387
62.黄菁,乔传令.昆虫解毒酶解毒机理及其在农药污染治理中的应用.农业环境保护, 2002, 21 (3): 285~287.
63.程东美,张志祥.植物性杀虫剂对斜纹夜蛾的生物活性研究进展.仲恺农业技术学院学报, 2003, 16 (2): 65~72.
64.董红刚.斜纹夜蛾对茚虫威的抗性选育及抗性机制研究. (硕士学位论文) 2008.
65.董钧锋,张继红,王深柱.植物次生物质对烟青虫和棉铃虫食物利用及中肠解毒酶活性的影响.昆虫学报, 2002, 45 (3): 296~300
66.韩启发,庄佩君,唐振华.抗杀螟硫磷二化螟的抗性遗传力研究.昆虫学报, 1995, 38 (4): 402~ 405.
67.谢建军,胡美英.斜纹夜蛾的天敌及其生物防治.昆虫天敌, 1999, 21 (2): 82~92.
68.蓝良能,钟永保,刘盛免,等.斜纹夜蛾的暴发原因及防治措施.安徽农学通报, 2009, 15 (1): 146
69.慕立义.植物保护研究方法.北京:中国农业出版社, 1994
70.薛超彬,陈清西,王勤,等.菜青虫不同虫态及虫龄的多酚氧化酶性质比较.昆虫学报, 2004, 47 (3): 305~309
71. Armes NJ, Wightman JA, Jadhav DR, et al. Status of insecticide resistance in Spodoptera litura in Andhra Pradesh, India. Pestic. Sci., 1997, 50: 240~ 48.
72. Ahmad M, Sayyed AH, Crickmore N, et al. Genetics and mechanism of resistance to deltamethrin in a field population of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Pest Manage. Sci., 2007, 63: l002~l010.
73. Annis GD, Mccann SF, Shapiro R. Preparation of a rthropod- icidal oxadiazines. US 6, 232, 489 B1, 2001-05-15.
74. Booth J. An enzyme from fat river catalyzing conjugations weith glutathioze. Biochem. J. 1961, 79: 516
75. Bradford MM. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantization of microgram quantities of Protein utilizing the Principle of Protein dye binding. Anal Biochem.1976, 72: 248~254
76. Eliahu Z. The insect voltage gated sodium channel as target of insecticides.Annual Rev Entomol, 1999, 44: 429~455.
77. Erdelen C, Jeschke P, Andersch W, et al. Synergistic insecticide mixtures. WO 03070001, 2003-08-28.
78. Franciosa H, Berge JB. Glutathione S-transferases in Housefly (Musca domestica) Location of GST-1 and GST-2 Families [J]. Insect Biochemical Molecular Biology, 1995, 25 (3): 311~317
79. Huang SJ, Xu JF, Han ZJ. Baseline toxicity data of insecticides against the cotton cutworm Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) and a comparison of resistance monitoring methods. International Journal of Pest Management, 2006, 52 (3): 209 ~ 213.
80. Huang SJ, Han ZJ. Mechanisms for multiple resistances in field populations of common cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) in China. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 2007, 87:14~22
81. Habig WH, William BJ, et al. Method in Enzymology. Academic Press, 1981, 77 (1): 398~405
82. Huffman DJ, Rattner BA, Burton GA, et al. Hand book of ecotoxicology. Boca Raton, FL: CRS Lewis Publisher, 1994: 376~380.
83. Ikeda T, Zhao X, Nagata K, et al. Fipronil modulation of r-am inobutyric acid receptors in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 2001, 296: 914~921.
85. Kim YG, Cho JR, Lee JN, et al. Insecticide resistance in the tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) . J. Asia Pacific Entomol., l998, 1: 115~122.
86. Kranthi KR, Jadhav DR, Wanjari RR, et al. Carbamate and organophosphate resistance in cotton pests in India, 1995 to 1999. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 2001, 91: 37~ 46.
87. Kranthi KR, Jadhav DR, Kranthi S, etal. Insecticide resistance in five major insect pests of cotton in India. Crop Protection, 2002, 21: 449~ 460.
88. Lapied B, Grolleau F, Sattelle D B. Indoxacarb, an oxadiazine insecticide,blocks insect neuronal sodium channels. Br. J. Pharmacol., 200l, 132: 587~595
89. Lee, S ST, Scott JG. An improved method for preparation, stabilization and storage of house fly (Diptera: Muscidae) microsomes .J. Econ. Entomol. 1989, 82(6): 1559~1563
90. Lovell J B, Wright D P, Gard I E, et al. AC303630, An Insecticide/ Acaricide from a Novel Class of Chemistry, Brighton Crop Prot [J]. Conf pests and Diseases, 1990, 1: 7~ 40
92. Murugesan K. & Swaran Dhingra. Variability in resistance pattern of varius groups of insecticides evaluated against Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) during a period spanning over three decades. Journal of Entomological Research, 1995, 19: 313~319
93. Matsuda K, Buckingham SD, Freeman JC, et al. Effects of the subunit on imidacloprid sensitivity of recombinant nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. British. J. Pharmacology, 1998, 123: 518~524.
94. Narahashi T. Recent progress in the mechanism of action of insecticides: pyrethroids, fipronil and indoxacarb. J. Pestic Sci,, 2001, 26: 277~285.
95. Narahashi T. Neuronal ion channels as the target sites of insecticides. Pharmacol Toxicol, 1996, 78: 1~14.
96. Omura, T. and R. Sato. The carbon monoxide binding pigment of liver microsomes .I. Evidence for its hemeprotein nature.J. Biol. Chem. 1964, 239: 2370~2378
97. Plapp FW. Biochemical genetics of insecticide resistance. Annu. Rev. Entomol., l976, 2l: 179.
98. Rao G, Dhingra S. Shift in the susceptibility level of Spodoptera litura (Delhi and Guntur populations) to cypermethrin and fenvalerate.J. Entomol. Res., 1996, 20: 225~227.
99. Sayyed AH, Ahmad M, Saleem MA. Cross-Resistance and Genetics of Resistance to Indoxacarb in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Insectic. J. Econ. Entomol. 2008, 10l (2): 472~479.
100. Sayyed AH, Wright DJ. Genetics and evidence for an esterase-associated mechanism of resistance to indoxacarb in a field population of diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Pest Manage. Sci., 2006, 62: 1045~1051.
101. Shono T, Zhang L, Scott JG. Indoxacarb resistance in the house fly, Musca domestica. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol., 2004, 80: 106~112.
102. Shoji Sonoda, Hisaaki Tsumuki. Studies on glutathione S-transferase gene involved in chlorfluazuron resistance of the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella Lepidoptera Yponomeutidae. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 2005, 82 (1): 94 ~101.
102. Smirle MJ, lowery DT, Zurow ski CL. Resistance and cross-resistance to four insecticides in populations of obliquebanded leaf roller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae).J. Econ Entomol, 2002, 95 (4): 820~825.
103. Tabashnik BE. Resistance risk assessment: realized heritability of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis in diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), tobacco budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) . J. Econ. Entomol., 1992, 85: 1551~1559.
104. Tarun V, Sharm a PD, Saini RK. Development of insecticide resistance and cross-resistance inendosulfan-selected strain of earias vittella (FAB). Pestology, 2004, 28: 30~33.
105. Van Asperen. A study of housefly esterase by means of a sensitive colorimetric method. J. lns . physiol., 1962, 8: 401.
106. Wing KD, Sacher M, Kagaya Y, et al. Bioactivation and mode of action of the oxadiazine indoxacarb in insects. Crop Prot., 2000, 19: 537~545.
107. Wing KD, Schnee ME, Sacher M, et al. A novel oxadiazine insecticide is bioactivated in lepidopteran larvae. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol., 1998, 37: 9l~103.
108. Zhao X, Nagata K, Marszalec W, et al. Effects of the oxadiazine insectide indoxacarb, DPXMP062, on neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors inmammalian neurons. Neurotoxicology, l 999, 20: 561~570.
109. Zhao X, Ikeda T, Salgado VL, et al. Block of two subtypes of sodium channels in cockroach neurons by indoxacarb insecticides. Neurotoxicology, 2005, 26: 455~ 465.
110. Zhao JZ, Collins HL, Li YX, et al. Monitoring of diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) resistance to spinosad, indoxacarb, and emamectin benzoate. J. Econ. Entomol., 2006, 99: 176 ~18l.
2.丁宁,孟庆伟,赵伟杰,等.噁二嗪类杀虫剂茚虫威的研究进展.农药学学报, 2005, 7 (2): 97~103.
3.王光峰,张友军,柏连阳,等.多杀菌素对甜菜夜蛾多酚氧化酶和羧酸酯酶的影响.农药学学报, 2003, 5 (2): 40~46.
4.王光锋,张友军,柏连阳.多杀菌素对甜菜夜蛾多酚氧化酶和羧酸酯酶的影响.农药学学报, 2003, 5 (2): 39~ 44
5.王藕芳,王加更,包生土.斜纹夜蛾的发生与综合防治技术.上海农业科技, 2002, (5): 80.
6.王学平,杨玉洁,宋汝国,等.大白菜田斜纹夜蛾的发生危害与防治.上海蔬菜, 2005, (1): 63~ 64.
7.王义平,吴鸿.昆虫抗药性的分子机理研究进展.中国森林病虫, 2002, 5: 34~36
8.王小艺,沈佐锐.亚致死剂量杀虫剂对异色瓢虫捕食作用的影响.生态学报, 2002, 22 (12): 2278~ 2284.
9.贝亚维,茹水江,陈笑芸,等.温度对斜纹夜蛾生长发育和存活的影响.浙江农业学报, 2001, 13 (4): 197~200
10.甘少明. 15%安打悬浮剂防治甘蓝主要鳞翅目害虫的药效试验.甘肃农业科技, 2007, 6: 27~29
11.叶柄辉,朱昌亮.昆虫抗药性的形成机理及其治理.卫生杀虫药械, 2001, 7 (1): 10~12
12.司书鼎.溴虫腈对家蚕和甜菜夜蛾的选择毒性及选择机制研究. (硕士学位论文) 2008.
13.江西省减灾委员会办公室. 2005年江西省减轻自然灾害白皮书.南昌:江西省减灾委员会办公室, 2006.
14.刘永杰,沈晋良,贾变桃,等.甜菜夜蛾不同世代对氯氟氰菊酯抗性减退及多功能氧化酶系活性变化.昆虫学报, 2007, 50 (4): 349~354
15.刘永杰,沈晋良.甜菜夜蛾对四类杀虫剂的抗药性监测.棉花学报, 2002, 14 (6) : 356~360
16.刘玮玮,慕卫,朱炳煜,等.虫酰肼对甜菜夜蛾生长发育的影响及抗性选育.中国农业科学, 2008, 41(5): 1366~1372
17.刘长令.新型高效杀虫剂茚虫威.农药, 2003, 42 (2): 42~ 44.
18.孙新元,陈学新,张纯胄,等. 15 %杜邦安打悬浮剂室内毒力及田间药效试验浙江农业科学. 2003, 5: 269~271
19.许雄山,韩召军,王荫长.羧酸酯酶与棉铃虫对有机磷杀虫剂抗性的关系[J].南京农业大学学报(自然科学版), 1999, 22 (4): 41~ 44
20.朱家颖,叶敏,胡纯华,等.印楝素对斜纹夜蛾生长发育的影响.江西农业学报, 2006, 18 (1): 26~29
21.朱丽梅,倪钰萍,曹晓宇,等.斜纹夜蛾的人工饲养技术.昆虫知识, 2001, 38 (3): 227~228.
22.何林,赵志模,邓新平,等.朱砂叶螨对3种杀螨剂的抗性选育及抗性治理研究.中国农业科学, 2003 , 36 (4): 403~ 408
23.何书海,韩丙军,彭黎旭.昆虫抗药性研究进展及其新农药开发对策.热带农业科学, 2006, 26 (5): 75~80
24.李晓东,陈文奎,胡美英.印楝素,闹羊花素-Ⅲ对斜纹夜蛾的生物活性及作用机理的研究.华南农业大学学报, 1995, 16 (2): 80~85.
25.李国清,慕莉莉,严焯辉. B. t与敌百虫、氰戊菊酯对棉铃虫的联合作用.农药, 2000, 39 (2): 23~25.
26.李云寿,罗万春,赵善欢.取食不同寄主植物的斜纹夜蛾对化学杀虫剂敏感性的变化.农药科学与管理, 1996, 57 (1): 33~36.
27.李果.棉花斜纹夜蛾的发生及防治.现代农业科技, 2008 , 9
28.来有鹏,刘贤进,余向阳,等.羧酸酯酶和谷胱甘肽转移酶在农药安全性评价中的应用初探.江苏农业学报, 2008, 24 (6): 944~ 947
29.吴世昌,顾言真,王冬生.斜纹夜蛾的抗药性及其防治.上海农业学报, 1995, 11 (2): 39 ~ 43.
30.吴存兵,汤锋,吴君艳,等.江淮地区斜纹夜蛾对杀虫剂的抗药性测定[J].安徽农业科学, 2006, 34 (20): 5281~5282
31.吴青君,张文吉,张友军,等.解毒酶系在小菜蛾对阿维菌素抗性中的作用.农药学学报, 2001, 3 (3): 23~28.
32.陈其津,李广宏,庞义.饲养五种夜蛾科昆虫的一种简易人工饲料.昆虫知识, 2000, 37 (6): 325~ 27.
33.陈斌,周小毛,柏连阳,等.斜纹夜蛾防治研究进展.江西农业学报, 2008, 20 (3): 52~ 4
34.陈若霞,吴兴国,何永喜,等.杜邦安打等几种药剂对斜纹夜蛾的防效比较[J].上海蔬菜, 2002, (2): 31~33.
35.罗万春.世界新农药与环境.世界知识出版社, 2002.
36.欧晓明,王永江,乔广行,等.斜纹夜蛾抗性品系选育及其在肟醚类杀虫剂活性评价中的应用.江西农业学报, 2003, 15 (4): 31~35
37.邱立红,张文吉,李晓薇.棉铃虫微粒体多功能氧化酶系组分含量及酶活性在不同生长发育阶段的变化规律研究.农药学学报, 1999, 1 (1): 45~ 50
38.张红英,赤国彤,张金林.昆虫解毒酶系与抗药性研究进展.河北农业大学学报, 2002, 25: 193~195
39.张纯胄,林定鹏,王诚,等.安打对小菜蛾、斜纹夜蛾的毒力及药效试验简报.农药2003, 42 (9): 31~33
40.张咏梅,孙晨熹,李今越.天津地区家蝇抗药性水平及与两种解毒酶的关系.昆虫学报, 2006, 49 (3): 538~542
41.张永亮,曾媛琴,贾永红,等.桑尺蠖多酚氧化酶的纯化及其部分生物化学性质.西南大学学报(自然科学版), 2007, 29 (9): 86~91
42.周桃美.斜纹夜蛾对四类杀虫剂的抗药性监测.中华农业研究, 1984, 33 (3): 331~339.
43.赵善欢.植物化学保护.北京:中国农业出版社, 2001, 1241~2451
44.赵善欢,万树青.杀虫植物的研究及应用进展.广东农业科学, 1997, 1: 26~28.
45.周晓梅,黄炳球.斜纹夜蛾抗药性及其防治对策的研究进展.昆虫知识, 2002, 39 (2) : 98~99.
46.段湘生,曾文平,陈明,等.高效杀虫剂茚虫威的合成及应用.农药研究与应用, 2006, 10 (2): 17~20
47.胡国栋.斜纹夜蛾生活习性及防治.农化新世纪, 2004, (5): 30.
48.施文,姚卫平,刘道贵.沿江江南斜纹夜蛾暴发原因分析及防治对策.安徽农学通报, 2003, 9 (6): 106 ~107.
49.钟列权,李宝福,李克才. 15%安打防治甘蓝小菜蛾及斜纹夜蛾药效试验.江西植保, 2004, 27 (4): 183~185
50.施明安,袁建忠,庄佩君,唐振华.植物农药与药剂毒理学研究进展.北京:中国农业科技出版社, 2002. 231.
51.贾变桃,沈晋良,刘永杰.甜菜夜蛾对虫酰肼的抗药性监测及抗性风险评估.棉花学报, 2006, 18 (3): 164~169.
52.秦厚国,叶正襄,黄水金,等.斜纹夜蛾对棉花的为害及防治指标研究[J].中国棉花, 2000, 27 (4): 24~ 25.
53.聂南生,黄水金,龙丘陵.斜纹夜蛾的抗药性及其治理策略.江西农业学报, 2007, 19 (7): 51~54
54.钱华,吴蓉,左小明,等.马尾松幼虫血淋巴羧酸酯酶的诱导及其与抗菌物质的相关性研究.浙江林业科技, 1998, 18 (6): 30~32.
55.涂业苟,吴孔明,薛芳森,等.不同寄主植物对斜纹夜蛾生长发育、繁殖及飞行的影响.棉花学报, 2008, 20 (2): 105~109
56.唐振华.昆虫抗药性.北京:农业出版社, 1993, 302~335.
57.夏冰,石泰,梁沛,等.杀虫剂亚致死剂量对小菜蛾羧酸酯酶的影响.农药学学报, 2002, 4 (1): 23~27.
58.袁群,江媛媛.家蝇抗药性与羧酸酯酶活性关系探讨. 2004, 10 (3): 307~ 308
59.姚文辉.斜纹夜蛾的生物学特性.华东昆虫学报, 2005, 14 (2): 122~127.
60.黄水金,李伟红,江金林.南昌地区斜纹夜蛾种群的抗性水平及与两种解毒酶的关系.江西农业学报, 2007, 19 (4): 53~55
61.黄钢,周立强,刘继敏,等.酯酶活性测定在家蝇抗性监测中的应用研究.中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 1995, 6 (5): 387
62.黄菁,乔传令.昆虫解毒酶解毒机理及其在农药污染治理中的应用.农业环境保护, 2002, 21 (3): 285~287.
63.程东美,张志祥.植物性杀虫剂对斜纹夜蛾的生物活性研究进展.仲恺农业技术学院学报, 2003, 16 (2): 65~72.
64.董红刚.斜纹夜蛾对茚虫威的抗性选育及抗性机制研究. (硕士学位论文) 2008.
65.董钧锋,张继红,王深柱.植物次生物质对烟青虫和棉铃虫食物利用及中肠解毒酶活性的影响.昆虫学报, 2002, 45 (3): 296~300
66.韩启发,庄佩君,唐振华.抗杀螟硫磷二化螟的抗性遗传力研究.昆虫学报, 1995, 38 (4): 402~ 405.
67.谢建军,胡美英.斜纹夜蛾的天敌及其生物防治.昆虫天敌, 1999, 21 (2): 82~92.
68.蓝良能,钟永保,刘盛免,等.斜纹夜蛾的暴发原因及防治措施.安徽农学通报, 2009, 15 (1): 146
69.慕立义.植物保护研究方法.北京:中国农业出版社, 1994
70.薛超彬,陈清西,王勤,等.菜青虫不同虫态及虫龄的多酚氧化酶性质比较.昆虫学报, 2004, 47 (3): 305~309
71. Armes NJ, Wightman JA, Jadhav DR, et al. Status of insecticide resistance in Spodoptera litura in Andhra Pradesh, India. Pestic. Sci., 1997, 50: 240~ 48.
72. Ahmad M, Sayyed AH, Crickmore N, et al. Genetics and mechanism of resistance to deltamethrin in a field population of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Pest Manage. Sci., 2007, 63: l002~l010.
73. Annis GD, Mccann SF, Shapiro R. Preparation of a rthropod- icidal oxadiazines. US 6, 232, 489 B1, 2001-05-15.
74. Booth J. An enzyme from fat river catalyzing conjugations weith glutathioze. Biochem. J. 1961, 79: 516
75. Bradford MM. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantization of microgram quantities of Protein utilizing the Principle of Protein dye binding. Anal Biochem.1976, 72: 248~254
76. Eliahu Z. The insect voltage gated sodium channel as target of insecticides.Annual Rev Entomol, 1999, 44: 429~455.
77. Erdelen C, Jeschke P, Andersch W, et al. Synergistic insecticide mixtures. WO 03070001, 2003-08-28.
78. Franciosa H, Berge JB. Glutathione S-transferases in Housefly (Musca domestica) Location of GST-1 and GST-2 Families [J]. Insect Biochemical Molecular Biology, 1995, 25 (3): 311~317
79. Huang SJ, Xu JF, Han ZJ. Baseline toxicity data of insecticides against the cotton cutworm Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) and a comparison of resistance monitoring methods. International Journal of Pest Management, 2006, 52 (3): 209 ~ 213.
80. Huang SJ, Han ZJ. Mechanisms for multiple resistances in field populations of common cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) in China. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 2007, 87:14~22
81. Habig WH, William BJ, et al. Method in Enzymology. Academic Press, 1981, 77 (1): 398~405
82. Huffman DJ, Rattner BA, Burton GA, et al. Hand book of ecotoxicology. Boca Raton, FL: CRS Lewis Publisher, 1994: 376~380.
83. Ikeda T, Zhao X, Nagata K, et al. Fipronil modulation of r-am inobutyric acid receptors in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 2001, 296: 914~921.
85. Kim YG, Cho JR, Lee JN, et al. Insecticide resistance in the tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) . J. Asia Pacific Entomol., l998, 1: 115~122.
86. Kranthi KR, Jadhav DR, Wanjari RR, et al. Carbamate and organophosphate resistance in cotton pests in India, 1995 to 1999. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 2001, 91: 37~ 46.
87. Kranthi KR, Jadhav DR, Kranthi S, etal. Insecticide resistance in five major insect pests of cotton in India. Crop Protection, 2002, 21: 449~ 460.
88. Lapied B, Grolleau F, Sattelle D B. Indoxacarb, an oxadiazine insecticide,blocks insect neuronal sodium channels. Br. J. Pharmacol., 200l, 132: 587~595
89. Lee, S ST, Scott JG. An improved method for preparation, stabilization and storage of house fly (Diptera: Muscidae) microsomes .J. Econ. Entomol. 1989, 82(6): 1559~1563
90. Lovell J B, Wright D P, Gard I E, et al. AC303630, An Insecticide/ Acaricide from a Novel Class of Chemistry, Brighton Crop Prot [J]. Conf pests and Diseases, 1990, 1: 7~ 40
92. Murugesan K. & Swaran Dhingra. Variability in resistance pattern of varius groups of insecticides evaluated against Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) during a period spanning over three decades. Journal of Entomological Research, 1995, 19: 313~319
93. Matsuda K, Buckingham SD, Freeman JC, et al. Effects of the subunit on imidacloprid sensitivity of recombinant nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. British. J. Pharmacology, 1998, 123: 518~524.
94. Narahashi T. Recent progress in the mechanism of action of insecticides: pyrethroids, fipronil and indoxacarb. J. Pestic Sci,, 2001, 26: 277~285.
95. Narahashi T. Neuronal ion channels as the target sites of insecticides. Pharmacol Toxicol, 1996, 78: 1~14.
96. Omura, T. and R. Sato. The carbon monoxide binding pigment of liver microsomes .I. Evidence for its hemeprotein nature.J. Biol. Chem. 1964, 239: 2370~2378
97. Plapp FW. Biochemical genetics of insecticide resistance. Annu. Rev. Entomol., l976, 2l: 179.
98. Rao G, Dhingra S. Shift in the susceptibility level of Spodoptera litura (Delhi and Guntur populations) to cypermethrin and fenvalerate.J. Entomol. Res., 1996, 20: 225~227.
99. Sayyed AH, Ahmad M, Saleem MA. Cross-Resistance and Genetics of Resistance to Indoxacarb in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Insectic. J. Econ. Entomol. 2008, 10l (2): 472~479.
100. Sayyed AH, Wright DJ. Genetics and evidence for an esterase-associated mechanism of resistance to indoxacarb in a field population of diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Pest Manage. Sci., 2006, 62: 1045~1051.
101. Shono T, Zhang L, Scott JG. Indoxacarb resistance in the house fly, Musca domestica. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol., 2004, 80: 106~112.
102. Shoji Sonoda, Hisaaki Tsumuki. Studies on glutathione S-transferase gene involved in chlorfluazuron resistance of the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella Lepidoptera Yponomeutidae. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 2005, 82 (1): 94 ~101.
102. Smirle MJ, lowery DT, Zurow ski CL. Resistance and cross-resistance to four insecticides in populations of obliquebanded leaf roller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae).J. Econ Entomol, 2002, 95 (4): 820~825.
103. Tabashnik BE. Resistance risk assessment: realized heritability of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis in diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), tobacco budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) . J. Econ. Entomol., 1992, 85: 1551~1559.
104. Tarun V, Sharm a PD, Saini RK. Development of insecticide resistance and cross-resistance inendosulfan-selected strain of earias vittella (FAB). Pestology, 2004, 28: 30~33.
105. Van Asperen. A study of housefly esterase by means of a sensitive colorimetric method. J. lns . physiol., 1962, 8: 401.
106. Wing KD, Sacher M, Kagaya Y, et al. Bioactivation and mode of action of the oxadiazine indoxacarb in insects. Crop Prot., 2000, 19: 537~545.
107. Wing KD, Schnee ME, Sacher M, et al. A novel oxadiazine insecticide is bioactivated in lepidopteran larvae. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol., 1998, 37: 9l~103.
108. Zhao X, Nagata K, Marszalec W, et al. Effects of the oxadiazine insectide indoxacarb, DPXMP062, on neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors inmammalian neurons. Neurotoxicology, l 999, 20: 561~570.
109. Zhao X, Ikeda T, Salgado VL, et al. Block of two subtypes of sodium channels in cockroach neurons by indoxacarb insecticides. Neurotoxicology, 2005, 26: 455~ 465.
110. Zhao JZ, Collins HL, Li YX, et al. Monitoring of diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) resistance to spinosad, indoxacarb, and emamectin benzoate. J. Econ. Entomol., 2006, 99: 176 ~18l.