除草剂安全剂AU2对氯嘧磺隆残留解毒效应的研究
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摘要
本文针对氯嘧磺隆存在的残留药害问题，采用室内生物测定并结合温室盆栽和大田试验，研究了氯嘧磺隆在土壤中的残留动态、对后茬敏感作物的影响及新型解毒剂AU2对氯嘧磺隆残留的解毒效果。用生物化学方法研究了氯嘧磺隆及AU2对植物体内GSH(谷胱甘肽)及GSTs(谷胱甘肽-巯基转移酶)的影响。试验结论如下：
1．氯嘧磺隆在土壤中的残留动态及对后茬敏感作物的影响
在本试验条件下，氯嘧磺隆在土壤中半衰期25-30天，氯嘧磺隆在土壤中前期降解比较快，后期降解缓慢。氯嘧磺隆浓度＞3μg／kg时，对甜菜、胡萝卜、水稻、黄瓜产生药害；浓度＞7μg／kg时，对玉米产生药害。本试验中的几种作物，甜菜对氯嘧磺隆残留最敏感，其次是胡萝卜、水稻、黄瓜、玉米。
2．AU2对氯嘧磺隆的解毒效果
AU2不同处理方法对作物的保护效果不同，用AU2浸种优于拌种。其中AU2以50mg／kg剂量浸种对解除氯嘧磺隆对敏感作物伤害的效果最好。氯嘧磺隆残留浓度＜3μg／kg时，AU2浸种可完全解除氯嘧磺隆残留对黄瓜、水稻的伤害，减轻对甜菜、胡萝卜的伤害；氯嘧磺隆＜7μg／kg时，AU2浸种可解除氯嘧磺隆残留对玉米的伤害，减轻氯嘧磺隆残留对黄瓜、水稻伤害，使作物的生长恢复到对照80％。
3．AU2对作物体内生理生化指标的影响
氯嘧磺隆残留降低敏感作物根系活力及叶片内叶绿素含量，用AU2处理后，可提高根系活力及叶绿素含量。氯嘧磺隆和AU2对作物体内GSH含量及GSTs活性有明显影响。氯嘧磺隆对作物体内GSH及GST活性有一定诱导作用，但随氯嘧磺隆浓度增加，作物体内GSH含量及GSTs活性下降，加入AU2后能提高GSH含量及GST活性，尤其是根部GSTs活性提高明显，这一结果可用来解释，用解毒剂处理后可诱导对氯嘧磺隆有活性的GSTs同工酶的形成，但随着氯嘧磺隆浓度的增加，GSH_(-AU2)／GSH_(+AU2)及GST_(-AU2)／GST_(+AU2)的比值下降，这可能是在氯嘧磺隆高浓度下，AU2解毒效果不好的原因。
The paper studied the effect of the residue of chlorimuron-ethyl in soil to susceptible crops and the effect of the herbicide safener AU2 on the detoxification of chlorimuron-ethyl by bioassy and field test. The effect of the herbicide safener AU2 and chlorimuron-ethyl on root activity, chlorophyl content, and glutathione (GSH) content and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) activity in crops were examined.
The results of the study as follow:
1. The residue of chlorimuron-ethyl in soil and its effect to susceptible crops.
The half life of chlorimuron-ethyl was 25 to 30 days. Degradation was fast in priliminary time and slow in afterward time. Cucumber, beet, carrot, rice and maize were susceptive to chlorimuron-ethyl residue in soil. Chlorimuron-ethyl concentration more than 3 u g/kg would injure cucumber, rice, beet and carrot. Chlorimuron-ethyl concentration more than 7 u g/kg would injure maize.
2. The effect of AU2 on detoxification chlorimuron-ethyl. Soaking crop seeds with AU2 in 50mg/kg concentration had the best effect to protect susceptible crop from chlorimuron-ethyl injure. AU2 provided complete protection against chlorimuron-ethyl injure to cucumber, rice and relieve the injure to beet and carrot when concentration less than 3 U g/kg. AU2 could relieve the injure to cucumber, rice and relieve the injure to beet and carrot when concentration less than 7 u g/kg.
3. The effect of AU2 and chlorimuron-ethyl on crops biochemistry index.
AU2 could improve root activity and chlorophyl content in crops. AU2 and chlorimuron-ethyl had effect on glutathione content and glutathione S-transferases activity. The glutathione content and glutathione S-transferases activity was increased and then decreased with the concentration of chlorimuron-ethyl increased. AU2 could hold high glutathione content and glutathione S-transferases activity in crops with the concentration of chlorimuron-ethyl increased.
1．氯嘧磺隆在土壤中的残留动态及对后茬敏感作物的影响
在本试验条件下，氯嘧磺隆在土壤中半衰期25-30天，氯嘧磺隆在土壤中前期降解比较快，后期降解缓慢。氯嘧磺隆浓度＞3μg／kg时，对甜菜、胡萝卜、水稻、黄瓜产生药害；浓度＞7μg／kg时，对玉米产生药害。本试验中的几种作物，甜菜对氯嘧磺隆残留最敏感，其次是胡萝卜、水稻、黄瓜、玉米。
2．AU2对氯嘧磺隆的解毒效果
AU2不同处理方法对作物的保护效果不同，用AU2浸种优于拌种。其中AU2以50mg／kg剂量浸种对解除氯嘧磺隆对敏感作物伤害的效果最好。氯嘧磺隆残留浓度＜3μg／kg时，AU2浸种可完全解除氯嘧磺隆残留对黄瓜、水稻的伤害，减轻对甜菜、胡萝卜的伤害；氯嘧磺隆＜7μg／kg时，AU2浸种可解除氯嘧磺隆残留对玉米的伤害，减轻氯嘧磺隆残留对黄瓜、水稻伤害，使作物的生长恢复到对照80％。
3．AU2对作物体内生理生化指标的影响
氯嘧磺隆残留降低敏感作物根系活力及叶片内叶绿素含量，用AU2处理后，可提高根系活力及叶绿素含量。氯嘧磺隆和AU2对作物体内GSH含量及GSTs活性有明显影响。氯嘧磺隆对作物体内GSH及GST活性有一定诱导作用，但随氯嘧磺隆浓度增加，作物体内GSH含量及GSTs活性下降，加入AU2后能提高GSH含量及GST活性，尤其是根部GSTs活性提高明显，这一结果可用来解释，用解毒剂处理后可诱导对氯嘧磺隆有活性的GSTs同工酶的形成，但随着氯嘧磺隆浓度的增加，GSH_(-AU2)／GSH_(+AU2)及GST_(-AU2)／GST_(+AU2)的比值下降，这可能是在氯嘧磺隆高浓度下，AU2解毒效果不好的原因。
The paper studied the effect of the residue of chlorimuron-ethyl in soil to susceptible crops and the effect of the herbicide safener AU2 on the detoxification of chlorimuron-ethyl by bioassy and field test. The effect of the herbicide safener AU2 and chlorimuron-ethyl on root activity, chlorophyl content, and glutathione (GSH) content and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) activity in crops were examined.
The results of the study as follow:
1. The residue of chlorimuron-ethyl in soil and its effect to susceptible crops.
The half life of chlorimuron-ethyl was 25 to 30 days. Degradation was fast in priliminary time and slow in afterward time. Cucumber, beet, carrot, rice and maize were susceptive to chlorimuron-ethyl residue in soil. Chlorimuron-ethyl concentration more than 3 u g/kg would injure cucumber, rice, beet and carrot. Chlorimuron-ethyl concentration more than 7 u g/kg would injure maize.
2. The effect of AU2 on detoxification chlorimuron-ethyl. Soaking crop seeds with AU2 in 50mg/kg concentration had the best effect to protect susceptible crop from chlorimuron-ethyl injure. AU2 provided complete protection against chlorimuron-ethyl injure to cucumber, rice and relieve the injure to beet and carrot when concentration less than 3 U g/kg. AU2 could relieve the injure to cucumber, rice and relieve the injure to beet and carrot when concentration less than 7 u g/kg.
3. The effect of AU2 and chlorimuron-ethyl on crops biochemistry index.
AU2 could improve root activity and chlorophyl content in crops. AU2 and chlorimuron-ethyl had effect on glutathione content and glutathione S-transferases activity. The glutathione content and glutathione S-transferases activity was increased and then decreased with the concentration of chlorimuron-ethyl increased. AU2 could hold high glutathione content and glutathione S-transferases activity in crops with the concentration of chlorimuron-ethyl increased.
引文
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2．程慕如 邻氯苯磺酰脲(8821)降低绿磺隆对作物伤害的作用 杂草学报1989，3(2) 17-19
3．程慕如 孙致远 三种磺酰脲类除草剂的光解和水解作用 植物保护学报 2000，27(1) 93-94
4．仇宏伟 胡继业 磺酰脲类除草剂在土壤中及植物中行为综述 莱阳农学院学报2000，17(2) 132-138
5．范志金 磺酰脲除草剂的现状和发展趋势分析 农药1999，38(5) 6-9
6．韩厚安 关于“长残效”除草剂在应用中的几个问题 湖北植保1996(1) 28—31
7．黄春艳 陈铁保 保护剂对普施特解毒效果的研究初报 黑龙江农业科学 2000(4) 1—3
8．黄建中 农田杂草抗药性 北京：中国农业出版社，1995
9．黄明智 磺酰脲类除草剂的作用方式及其对作物的选择性 农药译丛1997，19(3) 24—31
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