机场围界远程激光光电感应报警系统的开发与应用
摘要
在机场、军事基地、发电厂、油库等一些重要的区域,为了防止非法的入侵和各种破坏活动,通常在这些区域的外围周界处设置一些屏障或阻挡物,安排人员加强巡逻。传统的防范手段采用人力防范往往受时间、地域、人员素质和精力等因素的影响,亦难免出现漏洞和失误,难以适应安全的需要。因此,安装应用先进的周界探测报警系统就成为一种必要措施。远程激光对射报警器激光对射报警系统,是继传感电缆,红外对射之后的第三代周界防范产品。由于激光具有单色性好,准直性好的特点,所以,它比传统方法以及红外对射的防范距离更远,效率更高,性能更稳定,抗干扰性更强。
本论文主要完成了激光器的选型和激光接收电路的设计,调试了89C52单片机计时电路和CAN总线通信电路,并在此基础上做了70组人通过激光光栅实验,以及35组杂物下落穿越光栅实验,记录下三路激光的阻断时间。由于选择激光器的阻断时间作为判断依据,所以根据采集到的样本数据,本文选择基于PCA的模板匹配算法对已分类样品进行训练,利用样品到已知样本点的距离来决定是否报警。相对于同时阻断三路激光即报警的产品,这种设计无疑增强了对人通过事件的识别能力。本文在最后主要针对提高单片机的决策的可靠性提出了贝叶斯检验错误分类的方法,并利用实验数据进行理论分析。
在算法分析的过程中,利用实验获得的数据,得到了人体腿部,腰部和胸部通过激光光栅的时间特征。而这三路激光的离地高度可根据地形进行调整,本文设计高度分别为40cm、80cm和120cm。
本文的设计主要是基于机场安防领域,但是对于地域平整、广阔,防范要求较高的地区,同样具有很高的应用价值。
At the airport, military bases, power plants, oil depots and other important areas, in order to prevent the illegal invasion and sabotage activities, people usually set some boundaries or barriers blocking things in the periphery of these areas week, and lay persons to strengthen patrols. The traditional means of prevention are often used by the human against time, geographical, personnel quality and energy and other factors, there would inevitably be gaps and errors, difficult to adapt to the need for security. Therefore, the installation of the application of advanced perimeter detection system has become a necessary measure. Remote laser alarm system, following the sensing cable, infrared shooting system, is the third generation of products. As the laser is monochromatic good, and good collimation, so, than traditional methods, as well as with infrared preventive farther, more efficient, more stable, stronger anti-interference.
This thesis completed the selection of the laser and the laser receiver circuit and commissioning of the 89C52 microcontroller timing circuit and CAN bus communication circuit. On the basis of them, this paper did 70 groups of people passing laser grating experiment, and debris falling through the grating of 35 experimental groups, recorded the three-way laser blocking time. Because of the selection of time based on blocking laser as a judge, according to the data collected, this paper chose the algorithm which is based on PCA of the template matching for training samples that have been classified. Using the distance of sample to a known sample points to determine whether the alarm to be done. Relative to the same laser that is blocking the three-way alarm products, this design will undoubtedly enhance the capacity of recognition of the event of human passing through. At the latter part of this paper made the classification method of Bayesian error test for improving the reliability of decision-making of microcontroller, and theoretical analysis of experimental data.
In the process of algorithm analysis, the use of experimental data obtained the time characteristics of the laser grating by the human leg, waist and chest. This three-way height of the laser can be adjusted according to the terrain, the paper design height were 40cm,80cm and 120cm.
This design is mainly based on the Airport Security field, but for geographical formation, vast areas of prevention demanding the same high value.
本论文主要完成了激光器的选型和激光接收电路的设计,调试了89C52单片机计时电路和CAN总线通信电路,并在此基础上做了70组人通过激光光栅实验,以及35组杂物下落穿越光栅实验,记录下三路激光的阻断时间。由于选择激光器的阻断时间作为判断依据,所以根据采集到的样本数据,本文选择基于PCA的模板匹配算法对已分类样品进行训练,利用样品到已知样本点的距离来决定是否报警。相对于同时阻断三路激光即报警的产品,这种设计无疑增强了对人通过事件的识别能力。本文在最后主要针对提高单片机的决策的可靠性提出了贝叶斯检验错误分类的方法,并利用实验数据进行理论分析。
在算法分析的过程中,利用实验获得的数据,得到了人体腿部,腰部和胸部通过激光光栅的时间特征。而这三路激光的离地高度可根据地形进行调整,本文设计高度分别为40cm、80cm和120cm。
本文的设计主要是基于机场安防领域,但是对于地域平整、广阔,防范要求较高的地区,同样具有很高的应用价值。
At the airport, military bases, power plants, oil depots and other important areas, in order to prevent the illegal invasion and sabotage activities, people usually set some boundaries or barriers blocking things in the periphery of these areas week, and lay persons to strengthen patrols. The traditional means of prevention are often used by the human against time, geographical, personnel quality and energy and other factors, there would inevitably be gaps and errors, difficult to adapt to the need for security. Therefore, the installation of the application of advanced perimeter detection system has become a necessary measure. Remote laser alarm system, following the sensing cable, infrared shooting system, is the third generation of products. As the laser is monochromatic good, and good collimation, so, than traditional methods, as well as with infrared preventive farther, more efficient, more stable, stronger anti-interference.
This thesis completed the selection of the laser and the laser receiver circuit and commissioning of the 89C52 microcontroller timing circuit and CAN bus communication circuit. On the basis of them, this paper did 70 groups of people passing laser grating experiment, and debris falling through the grating of 35 experimental groups, recorded the three-way laser blocking time. Because of the selection of time based on blocking laser as a judge, according to the data collected, this paper chose the algorithm which is based on PCA of the template matching for training samples that have been classified. Using the distance of sample to a known sample points to determine whether the alarm to be done. Relative to the same laser that is blocking the three-way alarm products, this design will undoubtedly enhance the capacity of recognition of the event of human passing through. At the latter part of this paper made the classification method of Bayesian error test for improving the reliability of decision-making of microcontroller, and theoretical analysis of experimental data.
In the process of algorithm analysis, the use of experimental data obtained the time characteristics of the laser grating by the human leg, waist and chest. This three-way height of the laser can be adjusted according to the terrain, the paper design height were 40cm,80cm and 120cm.
This design is mainly based on the Airport Security field, but for geographical formation, vast areas of prevention demanding the same high value.
引文
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[28]向剑平,唐常杰,郑皎凌,胡剑ASCA一种快速自适应聚类算法.微计算机信息,2009,6-3：280-282
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[2]孟颖,张雷,刘鹏,王世峰.基于激光检测技术的入侵监测系统.长春理工大学学报,2009,6：239-241
[3]门卫伟,刘楚湘.基于8051单片机制作多光束激光围栏.传感器世界,2006,5：27-29
[4]张敏,李陶深,钟淑瑛.基于的主成分分析方法的实现.广西大学学报,2005,8：74-77
[5]万伦来,干俊峰,余晓钰.基于Matlab的时序全局主成分分析方法及应用.华东经济管理,2010,1：150-153
[6]邓红霞,李存军,朱兵,丁晶.基于鲁棒PCA聚类分析的径流周期特性研究.武汉大学学报,2006,2：10-14
[7]黄勤,常伟,刘益良,刘衍鹏.基于PCA的BP神经网络分类器.重庆工学院学报,2009,7：89-96
[8]李弼程.模式识别原理与应用.西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,2008：7-17
[9]程毛林MATLAB软件在多元统计分析中的应用.数理统计与管理,2008,3：279-284
[10]李锦善,王志海,王中锋.一种基于假设检验的贝叶斯分类器.计算机工程与应用,2008,44：222-230
[11]杨淑莹.模式识别与智能计算——MATLAB技术实现.北京：电子工业出版社,2009：47-52
[12]李晨丹,徐进.指纹图像预处理和特征提取算法的Matlab实现.计算机工程与科学,2009,7：61-64
[13]管聪慧,宣国荣.多类问题中的特征提取.计算机工程,2002,1：131-135
[14]李海峰,张建州,游志胜.基于类距离的可分离性判据.计算机工程与应用,2003,26：97-99
[15]沈洁,姜琴.具有部分已知信息的数据聚类及其MATLAB实现.郧阳师范高等专科学校学报,2008,12：11-12
[16]陈国栋,李建微,潘林,余轮.基于人体特征三维人体模型的骨架提取算法.计算机科学,200.9,7：295-297
[17]宋清昆,蒋继成.基于AT89C52单片机CAN总线节点的设计.自动化技术与应用,2009,5：55-68
[18]赵鹏,徐宁.现场总线及接口网桥技术在BTM中的应用.中国铁道科学,2004,12：129-133
[19]邹继军,饶运涛.基于SJA1000的CAN总线系统智能节点设计j单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2009,13：26-31
[20]张吉卫,王晓红.基于CAN总线的单片机与数字信号处理器通信系统设计.现代电子技术,2009,13：173-176
[21]杨海澜,吴毅雄.焊接质量控制的主成分分析人工神经网络.上海交通大学学报,2003,10：1536-1539
[22]刘益新,郭依正.灰度直方图特征提取的Matlab实现.电脑知识与技术,2009,11：9032-9034
[23]成跃,李祥州,张志利,杨必武.抗干扰激光入侵探测设备研究.激光与红外,2008,12：1204-1206
[24]吴飞.机场围界安全防范措施讨论.江苏航空,2006,3：27
[25]邱亮南.试论主动红外和激光入侵探测器.中国安防,2008,3：58-62
[26]李承耀.入侵报警探测系统.警察技术,2003,1：23-24
[27]付生猛,陈朝阳.一种新的低压直流耦合1.25Gb/s激光二极管驱动电路.固体电子学研究与进展,2006,11：498-503
[28]向剑平,唐常杰,郑皎凌,胡剑ASCA一种快速自适应聚类算法.微计算机信息,2009,6-3：280-282
[29]黄世斌,周国恩,梁鑫,杨晓云.误差分布对PCA粗差探测算法的影响.桂林工学院学报,2009,8：374-377
[30]袁淑娟,陈仁文.CAN总线网络节点的实现及应用.江南大学学报,2005,6：235-239
[31]林志垒.主成分分析、聚类分析在耕地适宜性评价中的应用.甘肃教育学院学报,2001,4：40-46
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