机动车驾驶员违规行为产生机理的研究
摘要
汽车的发明与使用极大的促进了社会的进步,经济的繁荣,人民生活水平的提高,但是由其所产生的道路交通事故也成为当前社会的一大公害。
单次道路交通事故是随机事件,即偶然现象,但大量的交通事故的发生有其必然的规律存在。由大量的交通事故统计分析资料不难看出,人为因素占了导致交通事故直接原因的90%以上,机动车事故在交通事故死亡人数的统计中所占比例高达87%以上。在全国道路交通事故主要原因统计表中,机动车驾驶员为主要原因分别在事故次数、死亡人数、受伤人数、直接经济损失占到的比例为:85.24%、74.35%、82.46%、92.16%。
因此,从各种统计资料不难看出,在我国的道路交通安全问题中,由机动车导致的交通事故占有很大比例,特别是机动车驾驶员违规违章的驾驶行为,严重威胁了交通安全,造成交通事故隐患,成为人们长期关注的焦点。
本文通过对机动车驾驶员的内在人格、认知与外在环境等的分析,对机动车驾驶员的违规心态进行研究,深入分析违规驾驶行为形成的潜在原因。
The invention of the automobile has greatly promoted social progress, economic prosperity, people's living standards , but the road traffic accident generated by it has become a public hazard today.
One single road traffic accident is a piece of random events, that is, one thing happened by chance, but a large number of traffic accidents are to have the inevitable law . From the statistical analysis of a large number of traffic accidents, it is not difficult to find that human factors accounted for 90% of direct causes, motor vehicle accident death statistics accounted up to 87% or more. From the national road traffic accidents statistical tables in 1999 ,motor vehicle drivers as the main reason, accounted for as follows: 85.24%, 74.35%, 82.46%, 92.16 % respectively in the proportion of the number of accidents, deaths, injuries and direct economic losses .
It can be seen that , the traffic problems caused by the motor vehicle in our country account for a large proportion, especially the illegal driving behaviors of motor vehicle drivers ,they have serious threats to the traffic safety and cause traffic hidden danger .It has became a long-term focus.
Based on the analysis of the motor vehicle driver's inner personality, cognitive and external environment, this papers studies the motor vehicle drivers' driving mentality of violations and analyses the potential causes of such driving behaviors.
单次道路交通事故是随机事件,即偶然现象,但大量的交通事故的发生有其必然的规律存在。由大量的交通事故统计分析资料不难看出,人为因素占了导致交通事故直接原因的90%以上,机动车事故在交通事故死亡人数的统计中所占比例高达87%以上。在全国道路交通事故主要原因统计表中,机动车驾驶员为主要原因分别在事故次数、死亡人数、受伤人数、直接经济损失占到的比例为:85.24%、74.35%、82.46%、92.16%。
因此,从各种统计资料不难看出,在我国的道路交通安全问题中,由机动车导致的交通事故占有很大比例,特别是机动车驾驶员违规违章的驾驶行为,严重威胁了交通安全,造成交通事故隐患,成为人们长期关注的焦点。
本文通过对机动车驾驶员的内在人格、认知与外在环境等的分析,对机动车驾驶员的违规心态进行研究,深入分析违规驾驶行为形成的潜在原因。
The invention of the automobile has greatly promoted social progress, economic prosperity, people's living standards , but the road traffic accident generated by it has become a public hazard today.
One single road traffic accident is a piece of random events, that is, one thing happened by chance, but a large number of traffic accidents are to have the inevitable law . From the statistical analysis of a large number of traffic accidents, it is not difficult to find that human factors accounted for 90% of direct causes, motor vehicle accident death statistics accounted up to 87% or more. From the national road traffic accidents statistical tables in 1999 ,motor vehicle drivers as the main reason, accounted for as follows: 85.24%, 74.35%, 82.46%, 92.16 % respectively in the proportion of the number of accidents, deaths, injuries and direct economic losses .
It can be seen that , the traffic problems caused by the motor vehicle in our country account for a large proportion, especially the illegal driving behaviors of motor vehicle drivers ,they have serious threats to the traffic safety and cause traffic hidden danger .It has became a long-term focus.
Based on the analysis of the motor vehicle driver's inner personality, cognitive and external environment, this papers studies the motor vehicle drivers' driving mentality of violations and analyses the potential causes of such driving behaviors.
引文
[1] Bina, M., Graziano, F., & Bonino, S. Risky driving and lifestyles in adolescence. Accident Analysis and Prevention,2006, 38(3), 472-481.
[2] Ajzen, I. From intention to actions: A theory of planned behavior. In J. Kuhl & J. Beckmann (Eds), Action Control: From Cognition to Behavior. 2005, New York: Springer Verlag.
[3] Summala, H. Risk control not risk adjusment: The Zero-Risk Theory of driver behaviour and and it’s implication. Ergonomics,2008 31(4), 491-506.
[4] Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi Y.. On the evaluation structural equation models. Academic of Marketing Science,2008, 16, 74-94.
[5] Weinstein, N.. Unrealistic optimism about susceptibility to health problems: Conclusions from a community-wide sample. Journal of Behavioral Medicine,2007, 10(5), 987.
[6] MccorMick, I. A., Walkey, F. H., & Green, D. E. Comparative perceptions of driver ability– A confirmation and expansion. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 2006, 18(3), 205-208.
[7] Matthews, M. L., & Moran A. R. Age difference in male drivers’perception of accident risk: The role of perceived driving ability. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 2006, 18, 299-313.
[8] Yagil, D.. Beliefs, motives and situational factors related to pedestrians’self-reported behavior at signal-controlled crossings. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,2000, 3, 1-13.
[9] Delamater, J. D., & Myers, D. J. Social Psychology (6th Ed.). 2007, Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
[10] Burgess, C. The wilful traffic offender profile and its implications for education and training. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, 2000, University of Exeter, England.
[11] Iversen, H., & Rundmo, T. Personality, risky driving and accident involvement among Norwegian drivers. Personality and Individual Differences, 2002, 33, 1251–1263.
[12] Jan Tornros. Hands-free mobile phone speech while driving degrades coordination and control .Transportation Research Part F, 2004, 9 :298-306
[13] Mesken, J., Hagenzieker, M. P., Rothengatter, T., Frequency, determinants, and consequences of different drivers’emotion: An on-the-road study using self-reports, (observed) behavior, and physiology. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,2007, 10, 458-475.
[14] Lerner, J. S., & Keltner, D. Fear, anger and risk. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,2001, 81, 146-159.
[15] Wang, B., & Hensher D. A. Safety in the road environment: A driver behavioural response perspective, Transportation,2002, 29, 253-270.
[16] Fyhri, A., Bjornskau, T., Ulleberg, P. Traffic education for children with a tabletop model. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 2004, 7, 197–207.
[17] Parker, D., Lajunen, T., & Summala, H.. Anger and aggression among drivers in three European countries. Accident Analysis and Prevention,2002, 34, 229–235.
[18] Raines-Eudy, R. Using structural equation modeling to test for differential reliability and validity: An empirical demonstration. Structural Equation Modeling, 2000, 7(1), 485-527.
[19] Minbaeva, D., Pedersen, T., Bjorkman, I., subsidiary absorptive capacity, and HRM. Journal of International Business Studies,2003, 34(6), 586-599.
[20]魏朗,高丽敏.道路交通安全性评估模式的探讨[J].安全与环境学报, 2004,(06)
[21]庄明科,白海峰,谢晓非.驾驶人员风险驾驶行为分析及相关因素研究[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版), 2008,(03)
[22]陈雪梅,魏中华,高利.紧急状况下职业驾驶员适宜性评价遴选系统[J].北京工业大学学报, 2007,(08)
[23]王武宏,孙逢春,刘淑艳.依据驾驶行为的动态分析辩识交通事故原因(英文)[J]. Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology(English Edition),2000(04) .
[24]王武宏.驾驶行为形成模型及其在道路交通系统中的应用(英文)[J]. Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology(English Edition), 2001,(03) .
[25]王健.道路环境与驾驶行为[J].重庆交通学院学报, 1990,(03) .
[26]潘福全,项乔君,陆键.公路平面交叉口驾驶行为研究[J].道路交通与安全, 2007,(05) .
[27]过秀成,盛玉刚,潘昭宇.公路交通事故黑点总体特征分析[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版), 2007,(05) .
[28]马元奎,陆颂元.机组动静碰磨故障的小波包诊断及贝叶斯判别方法研究[J].动力工程, 2001,(05) .
[29]张恩亮,肖贵平,聂磊.交通环境对驾驶员心理的影响分析及对策研究[J].公路交通科技, 2006,(11) .
[30]张殿业,金键,杨京帅,Graeme Mclay,Mike McDonald,吴建平.驾驶员安全可靠性多因素分析[J].公路交通科技, 2004,(03) .
[31]秦小虎,柴毅,黄席樾.汽车驾驶员驾驶特征的模糊评价方法[J].公路交通科技, 2004,(04) .
[32]王书灵,陈金川,刘小明.基于驾驶员心理反应的安全坡度研究[J].公路交通科技, 2007,(02) .
[33]李斌,王猛,汪林.驾驶时间对营运驾驶员驾驶能力影响的试验研究[J].公路交通科技, 2007,(05) .
[34]种超,韩凤春.道路交通信息与驾驶人处理能力的协调问题研究[J].中国人民公安大学学报(自然科学版), 2007,(02) .
[35]王海勇,梁锋.基于人机工程学的驾驶疲劳模型[J].工业安全与环保, 2005,(02) .
[36]王武宏,沈中杰,杜秋.基于决策树的驾驶差错恢复行为的建模(英文)[J]. Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology(English Edition), 2002,(01) .
[37]韩文涛.交通事故预防中人为驾驶失误的评估方法[J].黑龙江交通科技, 2005,(07) .
[38]李凤芝,李昌吉,龙云芳.汽车驾驶员攻击性驾驶行为的心理因素分析[J].四川大学学报(医学版), 2004,(04) .
[1] Bina, M., Graziano, F., & Bonino, S. Risky driving and lifestyles in adolescence. Accident Analysis and Prevention,2006, 38(3), 472-481.
[2] Ajzen, I. From intention to actions: A theory of planned behavior. In J. Kuhl & J. Beckmann (Eds), Action Control: From Cognition to Behavior. 2005, New York: Springer Verlag.
[3] Summala, H. Risk control not risk adjusment: The Zero-Risk Theory of driver behaviour and and it’s implication. Ergonomics,2008 31(4), 491-506.
[4] Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi Y.. On the evaluation structural equation models. Academic of Marketing Science,2008, 16, 74-94.
[5] Weinstein, N.. Unrealistic optimism about susceptibility to health problems: Conclusions from a community-wide sample. Journal of Behavioral Medicine,2007, 10(5), 987.
[6] MccorMick, I. A., Walkey, F. H., & Green, D. E. Comparative perceptions of driver ability– A confirmation and expansion. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 2006, 18(3), 205-208.
[7] Matthews, M. L., & Moran A. R. Age difference in male drivers’perception of accident risk: The role of perceived driving ability. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 2006, 18, 299-313.
[8] Yagil, D.. Beliefs, motives and situational factors related to pedestrians’self-reported behavior at signal-controlled crossings. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,2000, 3, 1-13.
[9] Delamater, J. D., & Myers, D. J. Social Psychology (6th Ed.). 2007, Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
[10] Burgess, C. The wilful traffic offender profile and its implications for education and training. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, 2000, University of Exeter, England.
[11] Iversen, H., & Rundmo, T. Personality, risky driving and accident involvement among Norwegian drivers. Personality and Individual Differences, 2002, 33, 1251–1263.
[12] Jan Tornros. Hands-free mobile phone speech while driving degrades coordination and control .Transportation Research Part F, 2004, 9 :298-306
[13] Mesken, J., Hagenzieker, M. P., Rothengatter, T., Frequency, determinants, and consequences of different drivers’emotion: An on-the-road study using self-reports, (observed) behavior, and physiology. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,2007, 10, 458-475.
[14] Lerner, J. S., & Keltner, D. Fear, anger and risk. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,2001, 81, 146-159.
[15] Wang, B., & Hensher D. A. Safety in the road environment: A driver behavioural response perspective, Transportation,2002, 29, 253-270.
[16] Fyhri, A., Bjornskau, T., Ulleberg, P. Traffic education for children with a tabletop model. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 2004, 7, 197–207.
[17] Parker, D., Lajunen, T., & Summala, H.. Anger and aggression among drivers in three European countries. Accident Analysis and Prevention,2002, 34, 229–235.
[18] Raines-Eudy, R. Using structural equation modeling to test for differential reliability and validity: An empirical demonstration. Structural Equation Modeling, 2000, 7(1), 485-527.
[19] Minbaeva, D., Pedersen, T., Bjorkman, I., subsidiary absorptive capacity, and HRM. Journal of International Business Studies,2003, 34(6), 586-599.
[20]魏朗,高丽敏.道路交通安全性评估模式的探讨[J].安全与环境学报, 2004,(06)
[21]庄明科,白海峰,谢晓非.驾驶人员风险驾驶行为分析及相关因素研究[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版), 2008,(03)
[22]陈雪梅,魏中华,高利.紧急状况下职业驾驶员适宜性评价遴选系统[J].北京工业大学学报, 2007,(08)
[23]王武宏,孙逢春,刘淑艳.依据驾驶行为的动态分析辩识交通事故原因(英文)[J]. Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology(English Edition),2000(04) .
[24]王武宏.驾驶行为形成模型及其在道路交通系统中的应用(英文)[J]. Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology(English Edition), 2001,(03) .
[25]王健.道路环境与驾驶行为[J].重庆交通学院学报, 1990,(03) .
[26]潘福全,项乔君,陆键.公路平面交叉口驾驶行为研究[J].道路交通与安全, 2007,(05) .
[27]过秀成,盛玉刚,潘昭宇.公路交通事故黑点总体特征分析[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版), 2007,(05) .
[28]马元奎,陆颂元.机组动静碰磨故障的小波包诊断及贝叶斯判别方法研究[J].动力工程, 2001,(05) .
[29]张恩亮,肖贵平,聂磊.交通环境对驾驶员心理的影响分析及对策研究[J].公路交通科技, 2006,(11) .
[30]张殿业,金键,杨京帅,驾驶员安全可靠性多因素分析[J].公路交通科技, 2004,(03) .
[31]秦小虎,柴毅,黄席樾.汽车驾驶员驾驶特征的模糊评价方法[J].公路交通科技, 2004,(04) .
[32]王书灵,陈金川,刘小明.基于驾驶员心理反应的安全坡度研究[J].公路交通科技, 2007,(02) .
[33]李斌,王猛,汪林.驾驶时间对营运驾驶员驾驶能力影响的试验研究[J].公路交通科技, 2007,(05) .
[34]种超,韩凤春.道路交通信息与驾驶人处理能力的协调问题研究[J].中国人民公安大学学报(自然科学版), 2007,(02) .
[2] Ajzen, I. From intention to actions: A theory of planned behavior. In J. Kuhl & J. Beckmann (Eds), Action Control: From Cognition to Behavior. 2005, New York: Springer Verlag.
[3] Summala, H. Risk control not risk adjusment: The Zero-Risk Theory of driver behaviour and and it’s implication. Ergonomics,2008 31(4), 491-506.
[4] Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi Y.. On the evaluation structural equation models. Academic of Marketing Science,2008, 16, 74-94.
[5] Weinstein, N.. Unrealistic optimism about susceptibility to health problems: Conclusions from a community-wide sample. Journal of Behavioral Medicine,2007, 10(5), 987.
[6] MccorMick, I. A., Walkey, F. H., & Green, D. E. Comparative perceptions of driver ability– A confirmation and expansion. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 2006, 18(3), 205-208.
[7] Matthews, M. L., & Moran A. R. Age difference in male drivers’perception of accident risk: The role of perceived driving ability. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 2006, 18, 299-313.
[8] Yagil, D.. Beliefs, motives and situational factors related to pedestrians’self-reported behavior at signal-controlled crossings. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,2000, 3, 1-13.
[9] Delamater, J. D., & Myers, D. J. Social Psychology (6th Ed.). 2007, Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
[10] Burgess, C. The wilful traffic offender profile and its implications for education and training. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, 2000, University of Exeter, England.
[11] Iversen, H., & Rundmo, T. Personality, risky driving and accident involvement among Norwegian drivers. Personality and Individual Differences, 2002, 33, 1251–1263.
[12] Jan Tornros. Hands-free mobile phone speech while driving degrades coordination and control .Transportation Research Part F, 2004, 9 :298-306
[13] Mesken, J., Hagenzieker, M. P., Rothengatter, T., Frequency, determinants, and consequences of different drivers’emotion: An on-the-road study using self-reports, (observed) behavior, and physiology. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,2007, 10, 458-475.
[14] Lerner, J. S., & Keltner, D. Fear, anger and risk. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,2001, 81, 146-159.
[15] Wang, B., & Hensher D. A. Safety in the road environment: A driver behavioural response perspective, Transportation,2002, 29, 253-270.
[16] Fyhri, A., Bjornskau, T., Ulleberg, P. Traffic education for children with a tabletop model. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 2004, 7, 197–207.
[17] Parker, D., Lajunen, T., & Summala, H.. Anger and aggression among drivers in three European countries. Accident Analysis and Prevention,2002, 34, 229–235.
[18] Raines-Eudy, R. Using structural equation modeling to test for differential reliability and validity: An empirical demonstration. Structural Equation Modeling, 2000, 7(1), 485-527.
[19] Minbaeva, D., Pedersen, T., Bjorkman, I., subsidiary absorptive capacity, and HRM. Journal of International Business Studies,2003, 34(6), 586-599.
[20]魏朗,高丽敏.道路交通安全性评估模式的探讨[J].安全与环境学报, 2004,(06)
[21]庄明科,白海峰,谢晓非.驾驶人员风险驾驶行为分析及相关因素研究[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版), 2008,(03)
[22]陈雪梅,魏中华,高利.紧急状况下职业驾驶员适宜性评价遴选系统[J].北京工业大学学报, 2007,(08)
[23]王武宏,孙逢春,刘淑艳.依据驾驶行为的动态分析辩识交通事故原因(英文)[J]. Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology(English Edition),2000(04) .
[24]王武宏.驾驶行为形成模型及其在道路交通系统中的应用(英文)[J]. Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology(English Edition), 2001,(03) .
[25]王健.道路环境与驾驶行为[J].重庆交通学院学报, 1990,(03) .
[26]潘福全,项乔君,陆键.公路平面交叉口驾驶行为研究[J].道路交通与安全, 2007,(05) .
[27]过秀成,盛玉刚,潘昭宇.公路交通事故黑点总体特征分析[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版), 2007,(05) .
[28]马元奎,陆颂元.机组动静碰磨故障的小波包诊断及贝叶斯判别方法研究[J].动力工程, 2001,(05) .
[29]张恩亮,肖贵平,聂磊.交通环境对驾驶员心理的影响分析及对策研究[J].公路交通科技, 2006,(11) .
[30]张殿业,金键,杨京帅,Graeme Mclay,Mike McDonald,吴建平.驾驶员安全可靠性多因素分析[J].公路交通科技, 2004,(03) .
[31]秦小虎,柴毅,黄席樾.汽车驾驶员驾驶特征的模糊评价方法[J].公路交通科技, 2004,(04) .
[32]王书灵,陈金川,刘小明.基于驾驶员心理反应的安全坡度研究[J].公路交通科技, 2007,(02) .
[33]李斌,王猛,汪林.驾驶时间对营运驾驶员驾驶能力影响的试验研究[J].公路交通科技, 2007,(05) .
[34]种超,韩凤春.道路交通信息与驾驶人处理能力的协调问题研究[J].中国人民公安大学学报(自然科学版), 2007,(02) .
[35]王海勇,梁锋.基于人机工程学的驾驶疲劳模型[J].工业安全与环保, 2005,(02) .
[36]王武宏,沈中杰,杜秋.基于决策树的驾驶差错恢复行为的建模(英文)[J]. Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology(English Edition), 2002,(01) .
[37]韩文涛.交通事故预防中人为驾驶失误的评估方法[J].黑龙江交通科技, 2005,(07) .
[38]李凤芝,李昌吉,龙云芳.汽车驾驶员攻击性驾驶行为的心理因素分析[J].四川大学学报(医学版), 2004,(04) .
[1] Bina, M., Graziano, F., & Bonino, S. Risky driving and lifestyles in adolescence. Accident Analysis and Prevention,2006, 38(3), 472-481.
[2] Ajzen, I. From intention to actions: A theory of planned behavior. In J. Kuhl & J. Beckmann (Eds), Action Control: From Cognition to Behavior. 2005, New York: Springer Verlag.
[3] Summala, H. Risk control not risk adjusment: The Zero-Risk Theory of driver behaviour and and it’s implication. Ergonomics,2008 31(4), 491-506.
[4] Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi Y.. On the evaluation structural equation models. Academic of Marketing Science,2008, 16, 74-94.
[5] Weinstein, N.. Unrealistic optimism about susceptibility to health problems: Conclusions from a community-wide sample. Journal of Behavioral Medicine,2007, 10(5), 987.
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