考虑网络输电能力的多目标输电网规划方法研究
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摘要
电网规模的不断增大,市场环境下电力交易的变化及规划、运行中的不确定性因素影响,加大了对网络功率传输能力的要求,同时也要求提高电网规划方案的适应性和灵活性。网络输电能力作为一种重要的技术指标,对指导电网规划和运行管理,保证系统安全具有重要技术价值;在市场环境中也是指导电力交易的重要信号。本文针对电网规划中提高网络输电能力面临的新要求,分别从发电侧影响、网络侧优化及电网互联角度提出了一些有效的指标和方法,并建立了相应的多目标输电网规划模型,优化改善网络输电能力。主要研究成果如下:
1)提出考虑大型注入功率影响的多目标输电网规划模型。针对大型功率传输特性,使用双层规划模型考虑大型注入功率正常运行和停运消失对电网规划的影响,从优化电网投资、分区发电备用容量和电网间功率支援能力角度指导网络建设,得到的电网规划方案能提高电网整体运行性能,有效应对大型功率注入电网带来的新要求。
2)提出考虑发电容量适应性的多目标输电网规划模型。引入发电容量适应性指标衡量网络结构对发电出力容量变化的适应能力;对多场景电网期望负载水平进行优化,改善电网运行环境,提高网络功率传输能力以应对发电出力容量变化的影响,减少各故障场景下的负荷损失,增强电网运行的适应性和灵活性。
3)提出考虑剩余输电容量利用率的多目标输电网规划模型。剩余输电容量利用率指标用于评估电网输电容量充裕度及其可用输电容量比例。通过增加网络可用输电容量,提高其剩余输电容量利用水平,改善电网功率传输能力,满足系统负荷增长和功率传输需要,并在规划投资与输电容量扩建间取得平衡。
4)提出考虑输电阻塞和电网收益的多目标输电网规划模型。通过电网规划减少产生输电阻塞的可能性,是从电网结构上解决长期阻塞问题的有效手段。电网年预期增售电量收益指标刻画了电网扩建对系统输电能力改善带来的负荷售电收益。电网规划目标为在市场环境中利用经济信号指导电网规划,优化资源配置、提高社会效益。
5)提出考虑联络线交换功率的双层分区多目标输电网规划模型。引入分区优化方法对电网整体与受端电网运行特性进行考虑,建立的双层规划模型中上层规划模型通过加强电网重要输电通道建设,提高电网联络线电力交易规模以最大范围优化资源配置;下层规划模型通过加强局部受端电网建设,满足其负荷快速增长需求。上下层模型通过传递规划方案方式相互影响与作用,实现电网整体和局部规划目标的协调优化。18节点和77节点算例的分析和比较,说明了研究方法的可行性、有效性和适用性。
The power grid development and power transaction variation in deregulated environment as well as uncertainties in power system planning and operation brings new requirements on network power transfer capability. It also requires improving adaptability and flexibility of power transmission expansion planning results. Network power transfer capability is an important technical index to guide power system planning and operation to ensure system safety. At the same time, it’s a significant signal to instruct the power transaction in power market. This dissertation has analyzed the method to improve the network power transfer capability under new challenges in power transmission expansion planning. It is carried out in the viewpoint of generation influence, network structure optimization and grid interconnection. The multi-objective power transmission expansion planning models are established to optimize network power transfer capability index. The main results in this dissertation are as follows:
1) A novel multi-objective power transmission planning approach that considers bulk power injection effect is proposed. Bi-level planning model is adopted to simulate bulk power injection and outage conditions. Network expansion investment, regional generation reserve capacity and power support capability are optimization objectives. The planning results could deal with the requirements of bulk power injection effectively.
2) A novel multi-objective power transmission expansion planning approach that considers generation capacity adaptability is proposed. Generation capacity adaptability index is introduced to evaluate network adaptability to power generation capacity output changes. Multi-scenario network expected load factor distribution is optimized to better system operation environment and enhance power transfer capability. The planning objectives are to improve power transfer capability and minimize multi-scenario load shedding as well as strengthen the operation adaptability and flexibility of planning result.
3) A novel multi-objective power transmission planning approach that considers transmission surplus capacity utilization ratio is proposed. The sufficient power transmission capacity is technical support to system operation safety and contingency treatment. Transmission surplus capacity utilization ratio is used to evaluate branch transmission capacity margin and its utilization degree. The planning objectives are to augment system available transmission capacity, optimize network power transfer capability and transmission surplus capacity utilization effect to meet load development and dispatching requirement with least investment. It could reach the balance between network investment and transmission capacity augmentation.
4) A novel multi-objective power transmission planning approach that considers transmission congestion and network transmission profit is proposed. The effective power transmission expansion could reduce the probability of transmission congestion and solve the long term transmission congestion problem. The yearly anticipated load supply income increment is used to maximize network transmission profit for power transfer capability improvement. The economic signals in power market could be used to guide network expansion planning and realize the resource allocation optimization and social benefit maximization. The multi-objective planning model could take transmission congestion, system economic and reliability index into account.
5) A novel bi-level multi-objective regional power transmission planning approach that considers exchange power on tie lines is proposed. The partition optimization method is introduced to take the whole power system and power receiving end network operation characteristic into account. The bi-level planning model is established to solve this problem. The upper-level model could maximize exchange power on tie lines with important transmission corridor reinforcement and it’s helpful to utilize energy and resource utilization globally. The lower-level model could meet the fast load growth in power receiving end network. The bi-level planning model could realize the interaction and affectation by transfer variables between the upper-level and lower-level planning models.
Analysis and comparison on the 18-bus system and the 77-bus system proves the feasibility, validity and applicability of the proposed approaches in this dissertation.
1)提出考虑大型注入功率影响的多目标输电网规划模型。针对大型功率传输特性,使用双层规划模型考虑大型注入功率正常运行和停运消失对电网规划的影响,从优化电网投资、分区发电备用容量和电网间功率支援能力角度指导网络建设,得到的电网规划方案能提高电网整体运行性能,有效应对大型功率注入电网带来的新要求。
2)提出考虑发电容量适应性的多目标输电网规划模型。引入发电容量适应性指标衡量网络结构对发电出力容量变化的适应能力;对多场景电网期望负载水平进行优化,改善电网运行环境,提高网络功率传输能力以应对发电出力容量变化的影响,减少各故障场景下的负荷损失,增强电网运行的适应性和灵活性。
3)提出考虑剩余输电容量利用率的多目标输电网规划模型。剩余输电容量利用率指标用于评估电网输电容量充裕度及其可用输电容量比例。通过增加网络可用输电容量,提高其剩余输电容量利用水平,改善电网功率传输能力,满足系统负荷增长和功率传输需要,并在规划投资与输电容量扩建间取得平衡。
4)提出考虑输电阻塞和电网收益的多目标输电网规划模型。通过电网规划减少产生输电阻塞的可能性,是从电网结构上解决长期阻塞问题的有效手段。电网年预期增售电量收益指标刻画了电网扩建对系统输电能力改善带来的负荷售电收益。电网规划目标为在市场环境中利用经济信号指导电网规划,优化资源配置、提高社会效益。
5)提出考虑联络线交换功率的双层分区多目标输电网规划模型。引入分区优化方法对电网整体与受端电网运行特性进行考虑,建立的双层规划模型中上层规划模型通过加强电网重要输电通道建设,提高电网联络线电力交易规模以最大范围优化资源配置;下层规划模型通过加强局部受端电网建设,满足其负荷快速增长需求。上下层模型通过传递规划方案方式相互影响与作用,实现电网整体和局部规划目标的协调优化。18节点和77节点算例的分析和比较,说明了研究方法的可行性、有效性和适用性。
The power grid development and power transaction variation in deregulated environment as well as uncertainties in power system planning and operation brings new requirements on network power transfer capability. It also requires improving adaptability and flexibility of power transmission expansion planning results. Network power transfer capability is an important technical index to guide power system planning and operation to ensure system safety. At the same time, it’s a significant signal to instruct the power transaction in power market. This dissertation has analyzed the method to improve the network power transfer capability under new challenges in power transmission expansion planning. It is carried out in the viewpoint of generation influence, network structure optimization and grid interconnection. The multi-objective power transmission expansion planning models are established to optimize network power transfer capability index. The main results in this dissertation are as follows:
1) A novel multi-objective power transmission planning approach that considers bulk power injection effect is proposed. Bi-level planning model is adopted to simulate bulk power injection and outage conditions. Network expansion investment, regional generation reserve capacity and power support capability are optimization objectives. The planning results could deal with the requirements of bulk power injection effectively.
2) A novel multi-objective power transmission expansion planning approach that considers generation capacity adaptability is proposed. Generation capacity adaptability index is introduced to evaluate network adaptability to power generation capacity output changes. Multi-scenario network expected load factor distribution is optimized to better system operation environment and enhance power transfer capability. The planning objectives are to improve power transfer capability and minimize multi-scenario load shedding as well as strengthen the operation adaptability and flexibility of planning result.
3) A novel multi-objective power transmission planning approach that considers transmission surplus capacity utilization ratio is proposed. The sufficient power transmission capacity is technical support to system operation safety and contingency treatment. Transmission surplus capacity utilization ratio is used to evaluate branch transmission capacity margin and its utilization degree. The planning objectives are to augment system available transmission capacity, optimize network power transfer capability and transmission surplus capacity utilization effect to meet load development and dispatching requirement with least investment. It could reach the balance between network investment and transmission capacity augmentation.
4) A novel multi-objective power transmission planning approach that considers transmission congestion and network transmission profit is proposed. The effective power transmission expansion could reduce the probability of transmission congestion and solve the long term transmission congestion problem. The yearly anticipated load supply income increment is used to maximize network transmission profit for power transfer capability improvement. The economic signals in power market could be used to guide network expansion planning and realize the resource allocation optimization and social benefit maximization. The multi-objective planning model could take transmission congestion, system economic and reliability index into account.
5) A novel bi-level multi-objective regional power transmission planning approach that considers exchange power on tie lines is proposed. The partition optimization method is introduced to take the whole power system and power receiving end network operation characteristic into account. The bi-level planning model is established to solve this problem. The upper-level model could maximize exchange power on tie lines with important transmission corridor reinforcement and it’s helpful to utilize energy and resource utilization globally. The lower-level model could meet the fast load growth in power receiving end network. The bi-level planning model could realize the interaction and affectation by transfer variables between the upper-level and lower-level planning models.
Analysis and comparison on the 18-bus system and the 77-bus system proves the feasibility, validity and applicability of the proposed approaches in this dissertation.
引文
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