中国工贸总公司管理诊断报告及整改方案
摘要
中国工贸总公司(简称“中工总”)是隶属于中央直接管理的以贸易为龙头，集产业、科研设计开发、仓储、服务于一身的外向型企业集团。在品牌、资质、经验、业绩、人才、资源获取途径及市场开发上具有一定的优势。然而，随着我国加入世界贸易组织以及外贸体制发生的深刻变革，原有的市场格局被打破，公司面临着前所未有的挑战与机遇。
中国加入WTO后对产业和企业的挑战，从根本上说，是产业和企业竞争力的问题。国际竞争力的一个最重要的基础软件就是有效的公司治理。中工总在国有外贸公司中具有很强的代表性，对其管理问题的诊断以及以此为基础做出的整改方案具有很强的现实意义。
本文首先从研究公司经营的小环境-外贸行业入手，结合历史数据对外贸行业的现实情况及未来的发展趋势做出分析。既而对影响外贸行业的国内、外因素做出归纳。然后重点对我过加入世界贸易组织对外贸行业的影响做出较详细的分析。主要研究方法是查阅资料文献。
第二部分是对公司问题进行诊断。主要研究方法是搜集公司现有资料以及大量的人员访谈。重点包括两方面的内容：业务分析及管理问题诊断。
作者认为，国有企业的改革涉及非常宽泛的领域，因为企业是市场中诸多相关者利害关系的交汇点。因此，改善公司治理不是靠企业自身努力就能做到的，需要以政府为主导，投资者、监管者、社会中介和经理人持续的共同努力，逐步建立公司治理文化。同时国有企业的整改要受到诸多法律法规的制约，而且还要考虑企业及职工的承受能力。本文只是在本企业的微观范围内根据上述诊断有针对性地提出一些切实可行的改革措施
通过实施这些改革措施，争取用3到5年的时间，逐步实现公司的产业升级和调整，将公司发展成为以环保产业和高科技化工产业为主体，以贸易为主导的科、工、贸一体化的大型企业集团。
China National Industry and Trade Corporation (hereinafter referred to as CNITC) is an export-oriented group company directly under the central government, who mainly involves in trade with integration of production, research & development, warehousing and various services. CNITC possesses the advantages of brand, qualification, experiences, achievements, personnel, channel for resources and the marketing. With China's entry to World Trade Organization and the profound transforms in China's foreign trade area, the previous market pattern no longer exists. CNITC is facing unprecedented challenges and opportunities.
The challenges that an industry or an enterprise facing after China's entry WTO, is indeed about their own competence. One of the most important fundamental factors of international competence is effective management of the company. CNITC being a very typical state-owned foreign trade company, its diagnosis and the corresponding reform plan would be realistically significant.
The thesis starts with the study of the microenvironment of the enterprise, i.e., China's foreign trade industry. Combining the historical data and the current situation, the up trend of the industry is predicted. The main method of study in this part is referring to the literature research.
The second part of the thesis is the diagnosis to the company. The main method of study is referring the company's current reports and large numbers of conversational investigation. This part includes two sections: a) business analysis; and b) the managerial diagnosis.
A certain enterprise being an intersection of advantages and disadvantages of mass corresponding parties, the reform of state-owned enterprises involves very large scope of areas. A successful reform could not be achieved by the enterprise itself, unless led by the government and supported by the investors, supervisors, social agencies and the managers. The reform of a state-owned enterprise is also restricted by a series of laws and regulations. The reform plan in this thesis is limited to feasible measures suggested based on the above-mentioned diagnosis.
Through the reform, the technological improvement and adjustment of CNITC could be achieved within three to five years.
中国加入WTO后对产业和企业的挑战，从根本上说，是产业和企业竞争力的问题。国际竞争力的一个最重要的基础软件就是有效的公司治理。中工总在国有外贸公司中具有很强的代表性，对其管理问题的诊断以及以此为基础做出的整改方案具有很强的现实意义。
本文首先从研究公司经营的小环境-外贸行业入手，结合历史数据对外贸行业的现实情况及未来的发展趋势做出分析。既而对影响外贸行业的国内、外因素做出归纳。然后重点对我过加入世界贸易组织对外贸行业的影响做出较详细的分析。主要研究方法是查阅资料文献。
第二部分是对公司问题进行诊断。主要研究方法是搜集公司现有资料以及大量的人员访谈。重点包括两方面的内容：业务分析及管理问题诊断。
作者认为，国有企业的改革涉及非常宽泛的领域，因为企业是市场中诸多相关者利害关系的交汇点。因此，改善公司治理不是靠企业自身努力就能做到的，需要以政府为主导，投资者、监管者、社会中介和经理人持续的共同努力，逐步建立公司治理文化。同时国有企业的整改要受到诸多法律法规的制约，而且还要考虑企业及职工的承受能力。本文只是在本企业的微观范围内根据上述诊断有针对性地提出一些切实可行的改革措施
通过实施这些改革措施，争取用3到5年的时间，逐步实现公司的产业升级和调整，将公司发展成为以环保产业和高科技化工产业为主体，以贸易为主导的科、工、贸一体化的大型企业集团。
China National Industry and Trade Corporation (hereinafter referred to as CNITC) is an export-oriented group company directly under the central government, who mainly involves in trade with integration of production, research & development, warehousing and various services. CNITC possesses the advantages of brand, qualification, experiences, achievements, personnel, channel for resources and the marketing. With China's entry to World Trade Organization and the profound transforms in China's foreign trade area, the previous market pattern no longer exists. CNITC is facing unprecedented challenges and opportunities.
The challenges that an industry or an enterprise facing after China's entry WTO, is indeed about their own competence. One of the most important fundamental factors of international competence is effective management of the company. CNITC being a very typical state-owned foreign trade company, its diagnosis and the corresponding reform plan would be realistically significant.
The thesis starts with the study of the microenvironment of the enterprise, i.e., China's foreign trade industry. Combining the historical data and the current situation, the up trend of the industry is predicted. The main method of study in this part is referring to the literature research.
The second part of the thesis is the diagnosis to the company. The main method of study is referring the company's current reports and large numbers of conversational investigation. This part includes two sections: a) business analysis; and b) the managerial diagnosis.
A certain enterprise being an intersection of advantages and disadvantages of mass corresponding parties, the reform of state-owned enterprises involves very large scope of areas. A successful reform could not be achieved by the enterprise itself, unless led by the government and supported by the investors, supervisors, social agencies and the managers. The reform of a state-owned enterprise is also restricted by a series of laws and regulations. The reform plan in this thesis is limited to feasible measures suggested based on the above-mentioned diagnosis.
Through the reform, the technological improvement and adjustment of CNITC could be achieved within three to five years.
引文
1．陈同仇、薛荣久；《国际贸易》；对外经济贸易大学出版社：1997
2．黎孝先；《国际贸易实务》；对外经济贸易大学出版社 2000
3．贾继锋 等著；《重构优势：入世后中国外贸的国际竞争力》：上海社会科学院出版社；2001
4．张汉林编著：《世贸组织与未来中国》；中国物价出版社；1999
5．钟兴国等；《世界贸易组织——国际贸易新体制》；北京大学出版社；1997
6．王新奎等；《世界贸易组织与发展中国家》；上海远东出版社：1998
7．席酉民：《环境变革中的企业与企业集团》：机械工业出版社；2002
8．廖泉文；《人力资源管理》：同济大学出版社；2000
9．万瑞嘉华经济研究中心编著；《WTO后企业人力资源管理策略与实务》；对外经济贸易大学出版社；2002
10．张新民编著；《企业财务报表分析》；对外经济贸易大学出版社；2001
11．蒋屏主编；《公司财务管理》：对外经济贸易大学出版社：2001
12．泰勒·小柯克斯；《跨文化组织：如何提升多元化组织的竞争力》；上海交通大学出版社：2002
13．保罗·伯恩斯；《成功经营小企业》；；人民邮电出版社；2003
14．约翰·科特、詹姆斯·赫斯克特；《企业文化与经营业绩》；华夏出版社：1997
15．加里·哈默尔；《领导企业变革》；人民邮电出版社；2002
16. Alan C. Shapiro; Foundations of Multinational Financial Management; Prentice Hall; 3rd Edition, 1998
17. Jeanie Daniel Duck; The Change Monster, The Human Forces That Fuel or Foil Corporate Transformation and Change; Crown Pub; 1st edition, 2001
18. Peter M. Senge, etc.; The Dance of Change: The Challenges to Sustaining Momentum in Learning Organizations; Doubleday; 1st edition, 1999
19. John P. Kotter, Dan S. Cohen; The Heart of Change: Real-life Stories of How People Change Their Organizations; Harvard Business School Press; 1st edition, 2002
20. Stephen Haag, Maeve Cummings, James Dawkins; Management Information Systems for the Information Age; The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.; 2nd Edition, 2000
2．黎孝先；《国际贸易实务》；对外经济贸易大学出版社 2000
3．贾继锋 等著；《重构优势：入世后中国外贸的国际竞争力》：上海社会科学院出版社；2001
4．张汉林编著：《世贸组织与未来中国》；中国物价出版社；1999
5．钟兴国等；《世界贸易组织——国际贸易新体制》；北京大学出版社；1997
6．王新奎等；《世界贸易组织与发展中国家》；上海远东出版社：1998
7．席酉民：《环境变革中的企业与企业集团》：机械工业出版社；2002
8．廖泉文；《人力资源管理》：同济大学出版社；2000
9．万瑞嘉华经济研究中心编著；《WTO后企业人力资源管理策略与实务》；对外经济贸易大学出版社；2002
10．张新民编著；《企业财务报表分析》；对外经济贸易大学出版社；2001
11．蒋屏主编；《公司财务管理》：对外经济贸易大学出版社：2001
12．泰勒·小柯克斯；《跨文化组织：如何提升多元化组织的竞争力》；上海交通大学出版社：2002
13．保罗·伯恩斯；《成功经营小企业》；；人民邮电出版社；2003
14．约翰·科特、詹姆斯·赫斯克特；《企业文化与经营业绩》；华夏出版社：1997
15．加里·哈默尔；《领导企业变革》；人民邮电出版社；2002
16. Alan C. Shapiro; Foundations of Multinational Financial Management; Prentice Hall; 3rd Edition, 1998
17. Jeanie Daniel Duck; The Change Monster, The Human Forces That Fuel or Foil Corporate Transformation and Change; Crown Pub; 1st edition, 2001
18. Peter M. Senge, etc.; The Dance of Change: The Challenges to Sustaining Momentum in Learning Organizations; Doubleday; 1st edition, 1999
19. John P. Kotter, Dan S. Cohen; The Heart of Change: Real-life Stories of How People Change Their Organizations; Harvard Business School Press; 1st edition, 2002
20. Stephen Haag, Maeve Cummings, James Dawkins; Management Information Systems for the Information Age; The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.; 2nd Edition, 2000