基于产业生态视角的产业竞争力分析
|
摘要
随着可持续发展战略在全球范围内的普遍实施,有关产业的生态化的研究在各国政府、产业界和学术界中已引起更广泛的重视,众多专家、学者也在努力探索资源节约、保护环境、协调人和自然生态系统间关系的发展模式。传统的经济增长模式把资源持续不断地变成废弃物,忽视了各产业之间的有机联系和共生关系,忽视了社会经济系统和自然生态系统间的物质、能量和信息的传递、迁移、循环等规律,致使资源枯竭和生态恶化。另一方面,产业竞争力的提高,直接关系到一个国家劳动生产率、产业安全和人民的整体福利水平的提高,忽视产业的竞争力会使该国民族产业失去了生存和发展空间。产业为了在激烈的市场竞争中获得优势,必须适应消费者对绿色产品、生态消费的需求,必须提高产业生产过程中物质、能量的转化与利用效率,必须同相关产业、产业上下游企业,甚至是竞争企业之间形成良好的竞争与合作关系。传统的产业竞争力评价与分析理论对国内、外各产业的竞争状况和市场地位评价和分析已经略显力不从心,新的产业生态竞争力评价与分析理论应该突破传统产业竞争力研究思维模式,引入新的评价元素。
经过多年的研究与发展,学术界对竞争力、产业竞争力的研究已经形成比较完善的理论体系。论文第二章对产业生态竞争力的相关研究进行综述,主要包括产业生态竞争力的相关概念、理论以及相关产业竞争力评价体系。如：IMD国际竞争力评价体系、WEF国际竞争力评价体系、波特新竞争优势理论、世界银行的亚拉威评价体系、GEM评价模型等国内外产业竞争力评价分析体系。其中,艾思提和波特两位教授从资源生产率角度对竞争力的分析触发了本文从生态角度对产业竞争力进行再思考。
自然生态系统和产业生态系统在结构和功能上存在的相似性是产业生态竞争力的理论基础。论文第三章通过自然生态系统与产业生态系统类比分析,得出产业生态系统与自然生态系统在结构、功能及特征等方面具有较大的相似性。(1)自然生态系统与产业生态系统有较高的结构相似性。自然生态系统由非生物环境、生产者、消费者和还原者组成,多个生物体形成食物链,多条食物链形成食物网；产业生态系统由产业生态环境、生产者、消费者和分解者组成,多个企业形成产业链,多条产业链形成食物产业网,它们在形态结构上有很高的相似性。营养结构上,自然生态系统通过物质流、能量流进行营养传递；产业生态系统通过资金流、信息流、物质流、能量流进行产业流通。(2)自然生态系统与产业生态系统有较高的功能相似性。自然生态系统有竞争、共生、捕食、寄生等生态基本功能活动；产业生态系统有企业竞争、企业共赢、企业捕食、企业寄生等产业基本功能活动。(3)自然生态系统与产业生态系统有较高的特征相似性。自然生态系统与产业生态系统都具有对周边环境的良好适应性；自然生态系统与产业生态系统都具有互利共生、和谐发展的特性；自然生态系统提倡提高每个能量层级间的转化效率,产业生态系统提倡提高每种产品生产的资源生产效率。
根据自然生态系统与产业生态系统结构相似性、功能相似性和特征相似性,结合产业竞争力与产业生态系统自身的特点,第四章分别给出了产业生态竞争力、环境适应能力、产业和谐共生能力、资源生产率的相关定义。产业生态竞争力是指整个产业重视对生态环境的影响与互动,将和谐共生和协同进化的思想用于产业内生产、管理的各个环节,提高资源生产的利用效率,减少废弃物的产生与排放,从而建立起一种可持续发展外部产业比较优势。产业生态竞争力要求产业生态系统具有对周边环境的良好适应性；要求产业生态系统具有互利共生、和谐发展的特性；要求产业生态系统具有高效的系统转化能力。产业环境适应能力要求产业能经受得起外界刺激和冲击,在国家经济政策调整、贸易环境变化、科学技术发生重大变革、原材料供应条件改变、市场情况和消费者的需求发生变化、社会经济生活发生动荡等情况时,能按照产业中长期规划的要求主动适时地调节生产经营活动,不断提高产业生态竞争力,保证产业的持续健康发展。产业和谐共生能力要求在产业生态环境中,产业共生单元以产业链为纽带,妥善处理竞争与合作的矛盾,形成产业与产业、企业与企业之间共生关系,不断协同进化,不断提高产业生态竞争力,并承担相应社会责任,保证产业的持续健康发展。产业链中各个生产环节的资源利用效率和资源转化效率是实现产业竞争力的重要手段。资源生产率要求产业生态系统在提高物质和能量的利用效率的同时,’提高经济活动中物质和能量转化效率和速度,其核心思想是高效的“以少产多”产业资源生产率的提高意味着可以用较少的材料和能源,用较高的转化速度从一种产品或过程中得到同等量或更多的效益或成果。
第五章以纺织服装产业为例,从生态视角验证了产业生态竞争力的影响因子结构。研究发现,环境适应能力,和谐共生能力、资源生产率是产业生态竞争力的影响因子。和谐共生能力因子、资源生产率因子同时通过相关分析和回归分析,环境适应能力因子也通过了相关分析。环境适应能力各二级指标中,原材料市场变化适应能力、贸易壁垒适应能力、汇率变动适应能力三个因子通过相关分析和回归分析,正向相关性得到验证；新产品开发与创新能力,行业标准执行能力,新市场开拓能力则没有通过显著性检验,没有通过正向相关性。和谐共生能力各二级指标中,上下游企业协作能力、竞争企业协作能力、环境保护能力三个因子通过相关分析和回归分析,正向相关性得到验证；社会责任实践能力、区域行业协会指导能力、相关产业协同能力、区域产业链发展水平通过相关分析,没有通过回归分析,部分正向相关性得到验证。劳动生产率、单位产值耗能量、资金周转率、利润率四个资源生产率二级指标因子全部通过相关分析与回归分析,正向相关性得到验证。
第六章以园州、平湖纺织服装产业发展、建设为例,从环境适应能力、和谐共生能力、资源生产率等诸多方面论述了产业生态竞争力的影响因素,为中国纺织服装产业的产业生态竞争力提供了实践指导。
第七章给出了研究的基本结论,环境适应能力,和谐共生、协同进化能力,资源生产率是影响产业竞争力形成的主要因素。产业生态竞争力不只是强调的单个生产者的竞争力,而更注重整个产业可持续发展的竞争合力；产业生态竞争力理论从本质上颠覆了传统产业竞争思想,革新了传统产业的运营模式,提高了产业的生产效率。
As the strategy of sustainable development is being widely put into practice in the world, the research of industrial ecologization has been aroused more broad attention in various countries'government, industrial session and academic session. Lots of experts and scholars pay attention to resource conservation, environmental protection and harmonious mode between human and the natural ecosystem. Traditional economical growth pattern brings about resources depletion and ecology worsening by turning resource into waste incessantly. It ignores the organic connections and paragenesis relations among different industries, and ignores trainsmission, migration and circulation of the matters, energy and information between social economy system and natural ecosystem. On the other hand, enhancing the industrial competitiveness has direct relation with a countries' lahour productivity, industrial safety, and whole people's welfare level. It will lose living space and development space of a national industry if it hasn't attached importance to industrial competitiveness. It is necessary to satisfy green product and ecology product demand of consumers, to increase transfer and use efficiency of matters and energy in the production process, to have a good competitiveness and cooperation with industrial upstream and downstream enterprises, even including competitive enterprises. The traditional evaluation and analysis theory of industrial competitiveness ability not equal to its ambition to evaluate and analyze the domestic and oversea industrial competitive status and market position. A new evaluation and analysis theory of industrial ecology competitiveness need to be established, which introduce new thought pattern and value elements.
With many years' development and research, academic session has established a fairly perfect theory of competitiveness and industrial competitiveness. At the second chapter of this paper, it introduce the summarize of the industrial ecology competitiveness including its concept, theory, and evaluation system. There are already have several evaluation systems such as IMD world competitiveness evaluation system, WEF global competitiveness evaluation system, Porter's competition advantage theory, World Bank's Alavi evaluation system and GEM evaluation system. Among all of these theories, the point of view of resource productivity from Esty and Porter cause the rethinking of industrial competitiveness from perspective of ecology.
The structure and function comparability between natural ecosystem and industrial ecosystem is the basic of industrial ecology competitiveness. With analogy analysis between natural ecosystem and industrial, it is point out that there are having lots of comparability in structure, function and character at the third chapter of this paper. (1) Natural ecosystem has a high similar to industrial ecosystem in structure. Abiotic environment, producers, consumers, and decomposers make up of natural ecosystem, which multi-organism make up of a food chain, and multiple food chains make up of food web. Industrial ecology environment, producers, consumers, and decomposers make up of industtrial ecosystem, which multiple enterprises make up of an industry chain, and multiple industry chains make up of industry web. Natural ecosystem transfers nourishment by material flow and energy flow in trophic structure, while industrial ecosystem's transfer by capital flow, information flow, material flow and energy flow. (2) Natural ecosystem has a high similar to industrial ecosystem in function. It has some basic functions such as competition, symbiosis, predation and parasitism in natural ecosystem, and it also has some basic function such as enterprise competition, enterprise win-win, enterprise predation, and enterprise parasitism in industrial ecosystem. (3) Natural ecosystem has a high similar to industrial ecosystem in character. Both natural ecosystem and industrial ecosystem have good adaptation to the environment, and both of them have the character of mutualism and harmonious development. Natural ecosystem improves the transformation efficiency of different energy hierarchy, and industrial ecosystem improves the resource productivity of production process of different output.
With the structure comparability, function comparability, and character comparability of natural ecosystem and industrial ecosystem, it points out the correlation theory of industrial ecology competitiveness, environment adaptation, industrial harmonious mutualism, and resource productivity in chapter five. The definition of industrial ecology competitiveness is that it wants to establish a exterior sustainable development industrial comparative advantage. The whole industry emphasizes the affect and interaction with the ecology environment. The theory of harmonious mutualism and coevolution is used in every step of industrial production and management. It improves use efficiency of production resources by reducing waste's generation and discharge. Industrial ecology competitiveness calls for good adaptation to the environment, good character of mutualism and humorous development, and high system transfer ability. Industrial ecology environment adaptability requires the industry should be stand up to various stimulations and impact, including the adjusting of national economic policy, the change of trade environment, the revolution of technology, the change of raw and processed materials supply condition, the change of requirement of markets and consumers, and the turbulence of social economic life. It also requires the industry to adjust the production and management activities according to the industrial medium-long term plan by itself, which keeps industry sustainable and healthy development, and improves industrial ecology competitiveness. Industrial harmonious mutualism ability requires that industrial symbiotic unit took industrial chain as tie, dealing with the relation between competition and cooperation properly, undertaking corresponding social responsibility, forming symbiotic relationship of one industry (enterprise) with the other industry (enterprise), and coevolving continuously. It must ensure industrial sustainable and healthy development and improve industrial ecology competitiveness. Use and transfer efficiency of resource of every production process of industrial chain is an important measure to improve industrial ecology competitiveness. The core idea of resource productivity is high efficiency input less and output more. It requires industrial ecosystem should be increased transfer efficiency of matters and energy when increase the use efficiency. The increase of industrial resource productivity means that a product or process gain equally or more output with less input by high transfer speed.
In the chapter five, it takes textile and apparel industrial as an example to verify the industrial ecology competitiveness impact factors from ecological view. It including environment adaptability, harmonious mutualism ability, and resource productivity. Harmonious mutualism factor and resource productivity factor have passed the correlation analysis and regression analysis, and environment adaptation factor has just pass the correlation analysis. In the second index of the environment adaptability, raw and processed materials variety adaptability, trade barrier adaptability, exchange rate fluctuation adaptability pass the correlation analysis and regression analysis. The new product development an innovation adaptability, new market exploitation adaptability haven't pass the correlation analysis. In the second index of the harmonious mutualism adaptability, the cooperation ability of enterprises upstream and downstream, the cooperation ability of competitive enterprises, and the environment protective ability have pass the correlation analysis and regression analysis. The social responsibility practical ability, the regional trade association guiding ability, the relative industry cooperation, and the development level of regional industrial chain have pass the correlation analysis, but not pass regression analysis. In the second index of resource productivity, the labor productivity, the energy consumption per unit output value, the capital turnover rate, and the profit margin have pass the correlation analysis and regression analysis.
It takes the development and construction of the Yuan Zhou and Pin Hu's textile and apparel industrial as an example to discuss the influence factors of industrial ecology competitiveness such as environment adaptability, harmonious mutualism ability, and resource productivity in the chapter six. It provides practical guidance for industrial competitiveness of china textile and apparel industry.
The basic research conclusion was given out in the chapter seven. Environment adaptability, harmonious mutualism ability, and resource productivity are the primary factor. Industrial ecology competitiveness not only emphasizes the competitiveness of single unit producer, but also more emphasizes the sustainable development of the industrial competitiveness. The theory of industrial ecology competitiveness overthrows the ideology of traditional industrial competitiveness, which reforms the traditional industrial operation mode, and promotes the industrial productivity.
经过多年的研究与发展,学术界对竞争力、产业竞争力的研究已经形成比较完善的理论体系。论文第二章对产业生态竞争力的相关研究进行综述,主要包括产业生态竞争力的相关概念、理论以及相关产业竞争力评价体系。如：IMD国际竞争力评价体系、WEF国际竞争力评价体系、波特新竞争优势理论、世界银行的亚拉威评价体系、GEM评价模型等国内外产业竞争力评价分析体系。其中,艾思提和波特两位教授从资源生产率角度对竞争力的分析触发了本文从生态角度对产业竞争力进行再思考。
自然生态系统和产业生态系统在结构和功能上存在的相似性是产业生态竞争力的理论基础。论文第三章通过自然生态系统与产业生态系统类比分析,得出产业生态系统与自然生态系统在结构、功能及特征等方面具有较大的相似性。(1)自然生态系统与产业生态系统有较高的结构相似性。自然生态系统由非生物环境、生产者、消费者和还原者组成,多个生物体形成食物链,多条食物链形成食物网；产业生态系统由产业生态环境、生产者、消费者和分解者组成,多个企业形成产业链,多条产业链形成食物产业网,它们在形态结构上有很高的相似性。营养结构上,自然生态系统通过物质流、能量流进行营养传递；产业生态系统通过资金流、信息流、物质流、能量流进行产业流通。(2)自然生态系统与产业生态系统有较高的功能相似性。自然生态系统有竞争、共生、捕食、寄生等生态基本功能活动；产业生态系统有企业竞争、企业共赢、企业捕食、企业寄生等产业基本功能活动。(3)自然生态系统与产业生态系统有较高的特征相似性。自然生态系统与产业生态系统都具有对周边环境的良好适应性；自然生态系统与产业生态系统都具有互利共生、和谐发展的特性；自然生态系统提倡提高每个能量层级间的转化效率,产业生态系统提倡提高每种产品生产的资源生产效率。
根据自然生态系统与产业生态系统结构相似性、功能相似性和特征相似性,结合产业竞争力与产业生态系统自身的特点,第四章分别给出了产业生态竞争力、环境适应能力、产业和谐共生能力、资源生产率的相关定义。产业生态竞争力是指整个产业重视对生态环境的影响与互动,将和谐共生和协同进化的思想用于产业内生产、管理的各个环节,提高资源生产的利用效率,减少废弃物的产生与排放,从而建立起一种可持续发展外部产业比较优势。产业生态竞争力要求产业生态系统具有对周边环境的良好适应性；要求产业生态系统具有互利共生、和谐发展的特性；要求产业生态系统具有高效的系统转化能力。产业环境适应能力要求产业能经受得起外界刺激和冲击,在国家经济政策调整、贸易环境变化、科学技术发生重大变革、原材料供应条件改变、市场情况和消费者的需求发生变化、社会经济生活发生动荡等情况时,能按照产业中长期规划的要求主动适时地调节生产经营活动,不断提高产业生态竞争力,保证产业的持续健康发展。产业和谐共生能力要求在产业生态环境中,产业共生单元以产业链为纽带,妥善处理竞争与合作的矛盾,形成产业与产业、企业与企业之间共生关系,不断协同进化,不断提高产业生态竞争力,并承担相应社会责任,保证产业的持续健康发展。产业链中各个生产环节的资源利用效率和资源转化效率是实现产业竞争力的重要手段。资源生产率要求产业生态系统在提高物质和能量的利用效率的同时,’提高经济活动中物质和能量转化效率和速度,其核心思想是高效的“以少产多”产业资源生产率的提高意味着可以用较少的材料和能源,用较高的转化速度从一种产品或过程中得到同等量或更多的效益或成果。
第五章以纺织服装产业为例,从生态视角验证了产业生态竞争力的影响因子结构。研究发现,环境适应能力,和谐共生能力、资源生产率是产业生态竞争力的影响因子。和谐共生能力因子、资源生产率因子同时通过相关分析和回归分析,环境适应能力因子也通过了相关分析。环境适应能力各二级指标中,原材料市场变化适应能力、贸易壁垒适应能力、汇率变动适应能力三个因子通过相关分析和回归分析,正向相关性得到验证；新产品开发与创新能力,行业标准执行能力,新市场开拓能力则没有通过显著性检验,没有通过正向相关性。和谐共生能力各二级指标中,上下游企业协作能力、竞争企业协作能力、环境保护能力三个因子通过相关分析和回归分析,正向相关性得到验证；社会责任实践能力、区域行业协会指导能力、相关产业协同能力、区域产业链发展水平通过相关分析,没有通过回归分析,部分正向相关性得到验证。劳动生产率、单位产值耗能量、资金周转率、利润率四个资源生产率二级指标因子全部通过相关分析与回归分析,正向相关性得到验证。
第六章以园州、平湖纺织服装产业发展、建设为例,从环境适应能力、和谐共生能力、资源生产率等诸多方面论述了产业生态竞争力的影响因素,为中国纺织服装产业的产业生态竞争力提供了实践指导。
第七章给出了研究的基本结论,环境适应能力,和谐共生、协同进化能力,资源生产率是影响产业竞争力形成的主要因素。产业生态竞争力不只是强调的单个生产者的竞争力,而更注重整个产业可持续发展的竞争合力；产业生态竞争力理论从本质上颠覆了传统产业竞争思想,革新了传统产业的运营模式,提高了产业的生产效率。
As the strategy of sustainable development is being widely put into practice in the world, the research of industrial ecologization has been aroused more broad attention in various countries'government, industrial session and academic session. Lots of experts and scholars pay attention to resource conservation, environmental protection and harmonious mode between human and the natural ecosystem. Traditional economical growth pattern brings about resources depletion and ecology worsening by turning resource into waste incessantly. It ignores the organic connections and paragenesis relations among different industries, and ignores trainsmission, migration and circulation of the matters, energy and information between social economy system and natural ecosystem. On the other hand, enhancing the industrial competitiveness has direct relation with a countries' lahour productivity, industrial safety, and whole people's welfare level. It will lose living space and development space of a national industry if it hasn't attached importance to industrial competitiveness. It is necessary to satisfy green product and ecology product demand of consumers, to increase transfer and use efficiency of matters and energy in the production process, to have a good competitiveness and cooperation with industrial upstream and downstream enterprises, even including competitive enterprises. The traditional evaluation and analysis theory of industrial competitiveness ability not equal to its ambition to evaluate and analyze the domestic and oversea industrial competitive status and market position. A new evaluation and analysis theory of industrial ecology competitiveness need to be established, which introduce new thought pattern and value elements.
With many years' development and research, academic session has established a fairly perfect theory of competitiveness and industrial competitiveness. At the second chapter of this paper, it introduce the summarize of the industrial ecology competitiveness including its concept, theory, and evaluation system. There are already have several evaluation systems such as IMD world competitiveness evaluation system, WEF global competitiveness evaluation system, Porter's competition advantage theory, World Bank's Alavi evaluation system and GEM evaluation system. Among all of these theories, the point of view of resource productivity from Esty and Porter cause the rethinking of industrial competitiveness from perspective of ecology.
The structure and function comparability between natural ecosystem and industrial ecosystem is the basic of industrial ecology competitiveness. With analogy analysis between natural ecosystem and industrial, it is point out that there are having lots of comparability in structure, function and character at the third chapter of this paper. (1) Natural ecosystem has a high similar to industrial ecosystem in structure. Abiotic environment, producers, consumers, and decomposers make up of natural ecosystem, which multi-organism make up of a food chain, and multiple food chains make up of food web. Industrial ecology environment, producers, consumers, and decomposers make up of industtrial ecosystem, which multiple enterprises make up of an industry chain, and multiple industry chains make up of industry web. Natural ecosystem transfers nourishment by material flow and energy flow in trophic structure, while industrial ecosystem's transfer by capital flow, information flow, material flow and energy flow. (2) Natural ecosystem has a high similar to industrial ecosystem in function. It has some basic functions such as competition, symbiosis, predation and parasitism in natural ecosystem, and it also has some basic function such as enterprise competition, enterprise win-win, enterprise predation, and enterprise parasitism in industrial ecosystem. (3) Natural ecosystem has a high similar to industrial ecosystem in character. Both natural ecosystem and industrial ecosystem have good adaptation to the environment, and both of them have the character of mutualism and harmonious development. Natural ecosystem improves the transformation efficiency of different energy hierarchy, and industrial ecosystem improves the resource productivity of production process of different output.
With the structure comparability, function comparability, and character comparability of natural ecosystem and industrial ecosystem, it points out the correlation theory of industrial ecology competitiveness, environment adaptation, industrial harmonious mutualism, and resource productivity in chapter five. The definition of industrial ecology competitiveness is that it wants to establish a exterior sustainable development industrial comparative advantage. The whole industry emphasizes the affect and interaction with the ecology environment. The theory of harmonious mutualism and coevolution is used in every step of industrial production and management. It improves use efficiency of production resources by reducing waste's generation and discharge. Industrial ecology competitiveness calls for good adaptation to the environment, good character of mutualism and humorous development, and high system transfer ability. Industrial ecology environment adaptability requires the industry should be stand up to various stimulations and impact, including the adjusting of national economic policy, the change of trade environment, the revolution of technology, the change of raw and processed materials supply condition, the change of requirement of markets and consumers, and the turbulence of social economic life. It also requires the industry to adjust the production and management activities according to the industrial medium-long term plan by itself, which keeps industry sustainable and healthy development, and improves industrial ecology competitiveness. Industrial harmonious mutualism ability requires that industrial symbiotic unit took industrial chain as tie, dealing with the relation between competition and cooperation properly, undertaking corresponding social responsibility, forming symbiotic relationship of one industry (enterprise) with the other industry (enterprise), and coevolving continuously. It must ensure industrial sustainable and healthy development and improve industrial ecology competitiveness. Use and transfer efficiency of resource of every production process of industrial chain is an important measure to improve industrial ecology competitiveness. The core idea of resource productivity is high efficiency input less and output more. It requires industrial ecosystem should be increased transfer efficiency of matters and energy when increase the use efficiency. The increase of industrial resource productivity means that a product or process gain equally or more output with less input by high transfer speed.
In the chapter five, it takes textile and apparel industrial as an example to verify the industrial ecology competitiveness impact factors from ecological view. It including environment adaptability, harmonious mutualism ability, and resource productivity. Harmonious mutualism factor and resource productivity factor have passed the correlation analysis and regression analysis, and environment adaptation factor has just pass the correlation analysis. In the second index of the environment adaptability, raw and processed materials variety adaptability, trade barrier adaptability, exchange rate fluctuation adaptability pass the correlation analysis and regression analysis. The new product development an innovation adaptability, new market exploitation adaptability haven't pass the correlation analysis. In the second index of the harmonious mutualism adaptability, the cooperation ability of enterprises upstream and downstream, the cooperation ability of competitive enterprises, and the environment protective ability have pass the correlation analysis and regression analysis. The social responsibility practical ability, the regional trade association guiding ability, the relative industry cooperation, and the development level of regional industrial chain have pass the correlation analysis, but not pass regression analysis. In the second index of resource productivity, the labor productivity, the energy consumption per unit output value, the capital turnover rate, and the profit margin have pass the correlation analysis and regression analysis.
It takes the development and construction of the Yuan Zhou and Pin Hu's textile and apparel industrial as an example to discuss the influence factors of industrial ecology competitiveness such as environment adaptability, harmonious mutualism ability, and resource productivity in the chapter six. It provides practical guidance for industrial competitiveness of china textile and apparel industry.
The basic research conclusion was given out in the chapter seven. Environment adaptability, harmonious mutualism ability, and resource productivity are the primary factor. Industrial ecology competitiveness not only emphasizes the competitiveness of single unit producer, but also more emphasizes the sustainable development of the industrial competitiveness. The theory of industrial ecology competitiveness overthrows the ideology of traditional industrial competitiveness, which reforms the traditional industrial operation mode, and promotes the industrial productivity.
引文
[1]陈柳钦.产业发展的可持续性趋势--产业生态化.未来与发展2006(05)：31-34.
[2]《中国纺织工业年鉴》编辑委员会.中国纺织工业年鉴.北京：中国纺织出版社,1994-2000.
[3]中国纺织工业协会课题组.中国纺织工业发展报告.北京：中国纺织出版社,2001-2004.
[4]Michael E. Porter. Competitive Advantage of Nation. The Free Press.,1990.
[5]李春林等.区域产业竞争力-理论与实证.北京：冶金工业出版社,2005.
[6]林本初,冯莹.企业竞争力的一般理论及其定量分析.当代经济科学1999：21(6)：56-60.
[7]宋明佳,张庚森.产业国际竞争力评价指标体系研究.人文杂志2003(2)：60-65.
[8]Michael E. Porter. Competitive Strategy. The Free Press,1980.
[9]Michael E. Porter. Competitive Advantage:The Free Press,1985.
[10]Michael E. Porter.竞争论.北京：中信出版社,2003.
[11]Michael E. Porter, Takeuchi Hirotaka, Sakakibara Mariko. Can Japan compete. Basingstoke:Macmillan,2000.
[12]裴长洪,王镭.试论国际竞争力的理论概念与分析方法.中国工业经济2002(4)：41-45.
[13]金碚.中国工业国际竞争力-理论、方法与实证研.北京：经济管理出版社,1997.
[14]裴长洪.利用外资与产业竞争力.北京：社科文献出版社,1998.
[15]盛世豪.产业竞争论.杭州：杭州大学出版社,1999.
[16]陈晓声.产业竞争力的测度与评估.上海统计2002;9：13-15.
[17]王与君.中国经济国际竞争力.1 ed.南昌：江西人民出版社,2000.
[18]周燕,齐中英.产业竞争力及其来源分析.商业研究2004;8：27-28.
[19]E. P. Odum.生态学基础.北京：人民教育出版社,1993.
[20]马世骏.现代生态学透视.北京：科学出版社,1990.
[21]Frosch D, Gallopoulos N. Strategies for manufacturing. Scientific American 1989:261(3):94-102.
[22]Robert Frosch. A Philosophical Introduction, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 89. Industrial Ecology 1992.
[23]T. E. Graedel, Allenby BR. Industrial ecology. New York:Prentice Hall, 2003.
[24]苏伦·埃尔克曼.工业生态学：怎样实施超工业化社会的可持续发展.北京：经济日报出版社,1999.
[25]S. Erkman. Industrial Ecology:An Historical View. Cleaner Prod, 1997;5(1-2).
[26]. Paul Hawken, Amolory Lovins, I. HunterLovins.自然资本论.上海：上海科学普及出版社,2000.
[27]保罗·霍肯.商业生态学：可持续发展的宣言.上海：上海译文出版社,2001.
[28]Micah D. Lowenthal, William E. Kastenberg. Industrial Ecology and Energy Systems:A First Step. Resources Conservation and Recycling 1998;24.
[29]Francis Ribeyre.产品的生命周期和环境：从产业生态学到家庭生态学.产业与环境(中文版)2003(2)：34-37.
[30]杨建新,王如松.产业生态学的回顾与展望.应用生态学报1998(5)：555-61.
[31]彭少麟,陆宏芳.产业生态学的新思路.生态学杂志2004;23(4)：127-30.
[32]H. Tibbs. Industrial Ecology:An New Environmental Agenda for Industry. 1993.
[33]Henning Grann, Statoil. The Industrial Symbiosis at Kalundborg, Denmark. In:the National Academy of Engineering International Conference on Industrial Ecology; 1994; Irvine, California; 1994.
[34]Boons FAA, Baas LW. Types of Industrial Ecology:The Problem of Coordination. Cleaner Prod 1997; 5(1-2).
[35]Prahalad, C. K. Hamel. The Core Competence of the Corporation. Harvard Business Review 1990(5-6).
[36]樊海林,程远.产业生态：一个企业竞争的视角.中国工业经济2004(3)：29-36.
[37]篮盛芳等.生态经济系统能值分析.北京：化学工业出版社,2002.
[38]肖忠东、孙林岩.工业生态制造—剩余物质的管理.西安：西安交通大学出版社,2002.
[39]T. E. Graedel, Allenby. Industrial ecology. New York:Prentice Hall, 2003.
[40]Harper, E. M., Graedel, T. E. Industrial ecology:a teenager's progress. Technology in Society 2004;26:433-45.
[41]Edward Cohen-Rosenthal. Making sense out of industrial ecology:a framework for analysis and action. Journal of Cleaner Production 2004;12:1111-23.
[42]邓伟根、王贵明.产业生态理论与实践—以西江产业带为例.北京：经济管理出版社,2005.
[43]Nae-Wen Kuo, Teng-Yuan Hsiao, Chun-Fa Lan. Tourism management and industrial ecology:a case study of food service in Taiwan. Tourism Management 2005:26:503-08.
[44]Jouni Korhonen, Juha-Pekka Snakin. Analysing the evolution of industrial ecosystems:concepts and application. Ecological Economics 2005:52:169-86.
[45]Jo Dewulf, Herman Van Langenhove. Integrating industrial ecology principles into a set of environmental sustainability indicators fortechnology assessment. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2005:43:419-32.
[46]Pierre Desrochers. Industrial symbiosis:the case for market coordination. Journal of Cleaner Production 2004:12:1099-110.
[47]Anthony S. F. Chiu, Geng Yong. On the industrial ecology potential in Asian Developing Countries. Journal of Cleaner Production 2004:12:1037-45.
[48]Jouni Korhonen, Ilkka Savolainen, Mikael Ohlstrom. Applications of the industrial ecology concept in a research project:Technology and Climate Change (CLIMTECH) Research in Finland. Journal of Cleaner Production 2004:12:1087-97.
[49]Daniel C. Esty, Michael Porter. Industrial Ecology and Competitiveness: Strategic Implications for the Firm. Journal of Industrial Ecology 1998;2(1):35-44.
[50]刘玲,周杨培.构筑企业生态竞争力初探.经济师2003(2)：56-57.
[51]万伦来.企业生态位及其评价方法研究.中国软科学2004(1)：73-78.
[52]杨忠直.企业生态学引论.北京：科学出版社,2003.
[53]王伟中.国际可持续发展战略比较研究.上海：商务印书馆,2001.
[54]赵景柱,肖寒,吴钢.生态系统服务的物质量与价值量评价方法的比较.应用生态学报2000：11(2)：290-92.
[55]赵景柱,梁秀英,张旭东.可持续发展概念的系统分析.生态学报1999：19(3)：393-98.
[56]赵景柱.论持续发展.科技导报1992;7(4)：13-16.
[57]高中海,余文学.生态学视角的企业技术创新.企业活力-技术创新2004(8)：46-47.
[58]IMD. World Competitiveness Yearbook. Lausanne, Switzerland; 2001.
[59]www.imd.ch/wcy.
[60]www.wforum.com.
[61]Michael E. Porter. The competitive advantage. Harvard Business Review 1990(11).
[62]薛澜.国际竞争力的概念和分析方法.中国科技论坛1995(6)：30-34.
[63]Tim Padmore, Hervey Gibson. Modeling system of innovation:Ⅱ. A framework for industrial cluster analysis in regions. Research Policy 1998:26:625-41.
[64]Ozlem Oz. Assessing Porter's framework for national advantage:the case of Turkey. Journal of Business Research 2002;55 (6):509-15.
[65]Dangayacha, G. S., Deshmukhb, S. G. Evidence of manufacturing strategies in Indian industry:a survey. Int J Production Economics 2003:83:279-98.
[66]Afonso Fleury. Quality and Productivity in the Competitive Strategies of Brazilian Industrial Enterprise. World Development 1995:23(1):73-85.
[67]Patrick Furu. Drivers of competence development in di!erenttypes of multinational R&D subsidiaries. Scand J Mgmt 2001:17:133-49.
[68]Shiaw-Wen Tien, Yi-Chan Chung, Chih-Hung Tsai. An empirical study on the correlation between environmental design implementation and business competitive advantages in Taiwan's industries. Technovation 2005:25:783-94.
[69]Balassa, B. Exports and Economic Growth:Further Evidence. Journal of Development Economics 1978(5):181-89.
[70]J. H. Powell, J. P. Bradford. Targeting intelligence gathering in a dynamic competitive environment. International Journal of Information Management 2000:20:181-95.
[71]A. Lewis Michael. Success, failure and organisational competence:acase study of the new product development process. J Eng Technol Manage 2001; 18:185-206.
[72]Manoj K. Agarwal, Barry E. Goodstadt. Gaining competitive advantage in the U.S. wireless telephony market:the marketing challenge. Telematics and Informatics 1997;14(2):159-71.
[73]Shih-Chi Chang. The TFT-LCD industry in Taiwan:competitive advantages and future developments. Technology in Society 2005:27:199-215.
[74]Sylvia Chan-Olmsted, Mark Jamison. Rivalry through alliances: Competitive Strategy in the Global Telecommunications Market. European Management Journal 2001;19 (3):317-31.
[75]张金昌.用出口数据评价国际竞争力的方法研究.经济管理2001(20).
[76]张金昌.国际竞争力评价的理论和方法.北京：经济科学出版社,2002.
[77]综合开发研究院国际竞争力研究课题组.产业组织国际竞争力的概念及其衡量.开放导报1998(9).
[78]周星.产业国际竞争力评价指标体系探究.2000(3).
[79]周星.福建省经济竞争力与竞争战略分析.发展研究2001(10)：42-45.
[80]樊纲.论竞争力.管理世界1998(3).
[81]狄昂照等.国际竞争力.北京：改革出版社,1992.
[82]金碚.产业国际竞争力研究.经济研究1996(11).
[83]金碚.论工业品国际竞争力.中国工业经济1996(4).
[84]高世揖,陈立,许钢.2000中国国际竞争力评价.战略与管理2001(2).
[85]赵彦云等.国际竞争力统计模型及其应用研究.北京：中国标准出版社,2005.
[86]A. G. Tansley. The Use and Abuse of Vegetational Concepts and Terms. Ecology 1935;16 (3):284-307.
[87]L. Lindeman. The Trophic-Dynamic Aspect of Ecology. Ecology 1942;23(4):399-417.
[88]孙儒泳等.基础生态学.2003：高等教育出版社,2003.
[89]李博等.生态学.北京：高等教育出版社,2000.
[90]Charles A. S. Hall, Cutler J. Cleveland, Robert Kaufman. Energy and Resource Quality:The Ecology of the Economic Process. New York:Wiley Interscience,1986.
[91]J. Ehrenfeld, N. Gertler. Industrial Ecology in Practice:the Evolution of Interdependence at Kalundborg. Journal of Industrial Ecology 1997;1(1):67-79.
[92]Jouni Korhonen. Some Suggestions for Regional Industrial Ecosystems —extended industrial ecology. Eco-Mangement and Auditing 2001;8(1):57-69.
[93]Lambert A J D, Boons F. Eco-industrial parks:stimulating sustainable development in mixed industrial parks. Technovation 2002;22(8):471-84.
[94]T. E. Graedel, Allenby. Industrial ecology. New York:Prentice Hall,2003.
[95]http://www.cees.org.cn/tengteng.pdf. In.
[96]Jouni Korhonena, Juha-Pekka Snakinb. Analysing the evolution of industrial ecosystems:concepts and application. Ecological Economics 2005:52:169-86.
[97]M'Conigle RM. Ecological. economics and political ecology:towards a necessary synthesis. Ecological Economics 1999;28(1):11～26.
[98]Wackernagel M, Rees W. Perceptual and structural barriersto investing in natural capital:economics from an ecological footprint perspective. Ecological Economics 1997;20(1):3-24.
[99]Linnanen L. Essays on Environmental Value Chain Management Challenge of Sustainable Development. Jyvaskyla:School of Business and Economics University of Jyvaskyla,1998.
[100]Robert Costanza, Herman E. Daly. Natural Capital and Sustainable Development. Conservation Biology 1992;6(1):37-46.
[101]Herman E. Daly. Beyond Growth-the Economics of Sustainable Development. In. Boston, Beacon,1996.
[102]李慧明,朱红伟,廖卓玲.论循环经济与产业生态系统之构建.现代财经2005：25(4)：8-11.
[103]赵林飞.产业生态化的若干问题研究.杭州：浙江大学：2003.
[104]王兆华,尹建华,武春友.生态工业园中的生态产业链结构模型研究.中国软科学2003(10)：149-52.
[105]王发明,蔡宁.基于产业生态：企业集群的发展趋势.改革2006(4)：87-91.
[106]环境科学大辞典.北京：中国环境科学出版社,2008.
[107]杨军.我国国家公务员制度与社会生态环境.探索1997(3)：79-82.
[108]杰弗里·贝尔著.竞争力.北京：中信出版社,2003.
[109]李海婴,李峰,赵富强.面向企业自适应能力管理集成的哲学思考.系统科学学报2006：14(1).
[110]Timo Kuosmanen. Measurement and Analysis of Eco-eff iciency:An Economist's Perspective. Journal of industrial Ecology 2005;9(4):15-18.
[111]吴永林,高洪深,林晓言.企业技术创新能力的多级模糊综合评价.数量经济技术经济研究2002(03)：53-56.
[112]吴国松.我国环境保护强度对产业竞争力影响的实证分析-以我国造纸业为例.华东经济管理2007：21(11)：34-38.
[113]孙玉琴.企业社会责任与我国企业的国际竞争力.特区经济2005(8)：49-51.
[114]Nalebuff. Brandenburger. Co-opetition.合肥：安徽人民出版社,2000.
[115]孙淑生、徐燕鲁.论企业生产系统的柔性.2001(1)：45-46.
[116]J. Yoshimura, C. W. Clark. Individual adaptations in stochastic environments. Evolutionary Ecology 1991;5(4):173-92.
[117]Ken Baskin. Corporate DNA:Learning from Life. London: Butterworth-Heinemann,1998.
[118]D'Aveni R. Hypercompetition:managing the dynamics of strategic
maneuvering. New York:The Free Press,1994.
[119]Grant RM. The Resource-Based Theory of Competitive Advantage:Implications for strategy formulation. California Management Review 1991;33(3):114-35.
[120]陈柳钦.产业发展的集群化、融合化和生态化.经济与管理研究2006(01)：56-60.
[121]郝刚、胡悦、张东生.区域产业生态分析框架研究.科学管理研究2002：20(2)：70-73.
[122]Winter SG. Knowledge and Competence as Strategic Assets. Cambridge: MA:Ballinger Publishing Company,1987.
[123]赵宗更、王晓凤、郭凤兰.高新技术产业生态系统模型初探.经济师2004(03)：52-53.
[124]Cook JS, DeBree K, Feroleto A. From raw materials to customers:Supply chain management in the service industry. SAM Advanced Management Journal 2001:66(3):14-21.
[125]丁继峰.产业生态化与可持续发展.经济论坛2006(09)：35-37.
[126]Gene M. Grossman, Alan B. Krueger. Environmental Impacts of a North American Free Trade Agreement. In:CEPR,1991.
[127]苏珊珊.浅析中国对外贸易可持续发展问题.管理科学文摘2005(04)：19-20.
[128]王荣花,张俊豪.中国纺织品出口贸易面临的绿色壁垒与对策.科技与管理2007：46(06)：13-16.
[129]王建平.国内外纺织品技术标准的现状、发展趋势及对我国纺织品出口的影响.纺织导报2005(04)：16-25.
[130]杜冲,廖青,王柏华.构建生态纺织品预警体系应对技术性贸易措施.北京服装学院学报2007(1)：61-65.
[131]谷任,吴海斌.汇率变动、市场份额与中国纺织品服装出口竞争力.世界经济2007(3)：41-48.
[132]Jurgen Meckl. Market power of firms and exchange-rate fluctuations. Journal of Economics 1996:63(1):57-77.
[133]Vaubel R. Real exchange-rate changes in the European community:The empirical evidence and its implications for European currency unification. Review of World Economics 1976;112(3):429-70.
[134]Jazen D H. When is it co-evolution. Evolution 1980:34:611-12.
[135]张倩.银行业的和谐共生--合作竞争.南京：南京理工大学;2006.
[136]蓝盛芳.试论达尔文进化论与协同进化论.生态科学1995(02)：167-70.
[137]王立志,韩福荣.企业间的协同进化分析.科学管理研究2003(02)：19-21.
[138]马士华.供应链企业之间的合作模式.电子商务世界2003(06)：68-70.
[139]Holme R., P. Watts. Corporate social responsibility:making good business sense. In:World Business Council for Sustainable Development; 2000; 2000.
[140]曲英燕、张爱丽.实施企业社会责任提高企业责任竞争力.商场现代化2006(07)：86-88.
[141]Gerald E. Fryxel, Cathy A. Enz. Value similarity about human resources, competitiveness and social responsibility:A study of organizational and suborganizational differences. International Journal of Value-Based Management 1990;3(2).
[142]Marc Vilanova, Josep Maria Lozano, Daniel Arenas. Exploring the Nature of the Relationship Between CSR and Competitiveness. Journal of Business Ethics 2009:87(1).
[143]赵惊涛.企业环境责任确立的价值定位.当代法学2007;125(09)：46-49.
[144]苏洁.我国企业实施供应链管理的问题与对策.中国市场2007(04)：68-69.
[145]John C. Sawhill. Creating biodiversity partnerships:The Nature Conservancy's perspective. Environmental Management 1996;20(6):789-92.
[146]徐立中,秦荪涛.基于价值链的生态产业共生系统稳定性对策研究.财经论丛2007(02)：90-96.
[147]高娟.行业协会在区域合作中的作用及其立法完善.经济论坛2009(02)：99-101.
[148]柴振国,范旭华.区域合作中的行业协会立法回应.湖北经济学院学报2009(02)：91-92.
[149]刘志坚.基于循环经济的产业链耦合机制研究.科技管理研究2007(07)：111-13.
[150]Mark E. Roberts, Ela Claridge. A Multistage Approach to Cooperatively Coevolving Feature Construction and Object Detection:Springer Berlin/Heidelberg, 2005.
[151]Frank Fitch, Greg Loving. COMPETITION AND COOPERATION:EVIL TWINS OR FATED LOVERS? PHILOSOPHICAL STUDIES IN EDUCATION 2007:38:83-93.
[152]郭彬,郭焱.协作竞争--企业竞争战略研究.生产力研究2007(22)：110-12.
[153]张秀生,陈立兵.产业集群、合作竞争与区域竞争力.武汉大学学报2005(05)：294-99.
[154]林媛媛.构建厦漳泉区域产业链的构想.特区经济2006(04)：277-79.
[155]何东,邓玲.区域生态工业系统的理论架构及其实现路径.社会科学研究2007(03)：58-61.
[156]金德辉,王金南.发展循环经济是21世纪环境保护的战略选择.环境保护2001(10)：36-38.
[157]S. G. Barashkov, F. I. Elik. Improvement of industrial processes as an important factor in the protection of the environment (exchange of experience). Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal 1978;12(12):1644-45.
[158]袁增伟,毕军.生态产业共生网络形成机理及其系统解析框架.生态学报2007(08)：3183-88.
[159]Jae-Young Ko, Charles A. S. Hall, Luis G. Lopez Lemus. Resource Use Rates and Efficiency as Indicators of Regional Sustainability:an Examination of Five Countries. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 1998;51(1-2):571-93.
[160]Wolfgang Grassl. A General Theory of Competition:Resources, Competences, Productivity, Economic Growth. The Review of Austrian Economics 2003; 16(4):385-93.
[161]David J. Collis, Cynthia A. Montgomery. Competing on Resources:Strategy in the 1990s. Harvard Business Review 1994(4):118-28.
[162]Vannoni D. Diversification, the Resource View and Productivity:Evidence from Italian Manufacturing Firms. Empirica 2000;27(1).
[163]Raimund Bleischwitz. Rethinking Productivity:Why has Productivity Focussed on Labour Instead of Natural Resources? Environmental and Resource Economics 2001;19(1).
[164]陈晓华,张小林.边缘化地区核心竞争力提升的产业生态化创新策略.南京财经大学学报2005(03)：18-20.
[165]Schwarz, E. K. Steininger. The Industrial Recycling-Network Enhancing Regional Development. Research Memorandum 1995(04):96-100.
[166]Gola G., Mancini R., Patrucco M., Rizzolo G. Evaluation of the technological level and productivity of the aggregate quarries of Piemonte. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 1984;29(1):75-80.
[167]Elliott Parker, Mark Pingle. The distributional effects of selection and capital accumulation on firm productivity under imperfect capital markets. Empirical Economics 2006;31(3):677-97.
[168]金萍.企业加快流动资金周转的措施方法.辽宁行政学院学报2007：9(05)：118-19.
[169]徐金清.提高企业资金周转速度的思考.经济师2009(02)：245-47.
[170]P. M. Swamidass. Encyclopedia of Production and Manufacturing Management. New York:Springer US,2000.
[171]Nikolaos P. Eriotis, Zoe Frangouli, Zoe Ventoura-Neokosmides. Profit Margin And Capital Structure:An Empirical Relationship. The Journal of Applied Business Research 2002;18(2):85-88.
[172]吉云.企业家活动与创新利润的来源.财经论丛2007(07)：14-20.
[173]Patricia M. Fairfield, Teri Lombardi Yohn. Using Asset Turnover and Profit Margin to Forecast Changes in Profitability. Review of Accounting Studies 2001;6(4):371-85.
[174]李春萍.教育研究方法.长春：东北师范大学出版社,2001.
[2]《中国纺织工业年鉴》编辑委员会.中国纺织工业年鉴.北京：中国纺织出版社,1994-2000.
[3]中国纺织工业协会课题组.中国纺织工业发展报告.北京：中国纺织出版社,2001-2004.
[4]Michael E. Porter. Competitive Advantage of Nation. The Free Press.,1990.
[5]李春林等.区域产业竞争力-理论与实证.北京：冶金工业出版社,2005.
[6]林本初,冯莹.企业竞争力的一般理论及其定量分析.当代经济科学1999：21(6)：56-60.
[7]宋明佳,张庚森.产业国际竞争力评价指标体系研究.人文杂志2003(2)：60-65.
[8]Michael E. Porter. Competitive Strategy. The Free Press,1980.
[9]Michael E. Porter. Competitive Advantage:The Free Press,1985.
[10]Michael E. Porter.竞争论.北京：中信出版社,2003.
[11]Michael E. Porter, Takeuchi Hirotaka, Sakakibara Mariko. Can Japan compete. Basingstoke:Macmillan,2000.
[12]裴长洪,王镭.试论国际竞争力的理论概念与分析方法.中国工业经济2002(4)：41-45.
[13]金碚.中国工业国际竞争力-理论、方法与实证研.北京：经济管理出版社,1997.
[14]裴长洪.利用外资与产业竞争力.北京：社科文献出版社,1998.
[15]盛世豪.产业竞争论.杭州：杭州大学出版社,1999.
[16]陈晓声.产业竞争力的测度与评估.上海统计2002;9：13-15.
[17]王与君.中国经济国际竞争力.1 ed.南昌：江西人民出版社,2000.
[18]周燕,齐中英.产业竞争力及其来源分析.商业研究2004;8：27-28.
[19]E. P. Odum.生态学基础.北京：人民教育出版社,1993.
[20]马世骏.现代生态学透视.北京：科学出版社,1990.
[21]Frosch D, Gallopoulos N. Strategies for manufacturing. Scientific American 1989:261(3):94-102.
[22]Robert Frosch. A Philosophical Introduction, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 89. Industrial Ecology 1992.
[23]T. E. Graedel, Allenby BR. Industrial ecology. New York:Prentice Hall, 2003.
[24]苏伦·埃尔克曼.工业生态学：怎样实施超工业化社会的可持续发展.北京：经济日报出版社,1999.
[25]S. Erkman. Industrial Ecology:An Historical View. Cleaner Prod, 1997;5(1-2).
[26]. Paul Hawken, Amolory Lovins, I. HunterLovins.自然资本论.上海：上海科学普及出版社,2000.
[27]保罗·霍肯.商业生态学：可持续发展的宣言.上海：上海译文出版社,2001.
[28]Micah D. Lowenthal, William E. Kastenberg. Industrial Ecology and Energy Systems:A First Step. Resources Conservation and Recycling 1998;24.
[29]Francis Ribeyre.产品的生命周期和环境：从产业生态学到家庭生态学.产业与环境(中文版)2003(2)：34-37.
[30]杨建新,王如松.产业生态学的回顾与展望.应用生态学报1998(5)：555-61.
[31]彭少麟,陆宏芳.产业生态学的新思路.生态学杂志2004;23(4)：127-30.
[32]H. Tibbs. Industrial Ecology:An New Environmental Agenda for Industry. 1993.
[33]Henning Grann, Statoil. The Industrial Symbiosis at Kalundborg, Denmark. In:the National Academy of Engineering International Conference on Industrial Ecology; 1994; Irvine, California; 1994.
[34]Boons FAA, Baas LW. Types of Industrial Ecology:The Problem of Coordination. Cleaner Prod 1997; 5(1-2).
[35]Prahalad, C. K. Hamel. The Core Competence of the Corporation. Harvard Business Review 1990(5-6).
[36]樊海林,程远.产业生态：一个企业竞争的视角.中国工业经济2004(3)：29-36.
[37]篮盛芳等.生态经济系统能值分析.北京：化学工业出版社,2002.
[38]肖忠东、孙林岩.工业生态制造—剩余物质的管理.西安：西安交通大学出版社,2002.
[39]T. E. Graedel, Allenby. Industrial ecology. New York:Prentice Hall, 2003.
[40]Harper, E. M., Graedel, T. E. Industrial ecology:a teenager's progress. Technology in Society 2004;26:433-45.
[41]Edward Cohen-Rosenthal. Making sense out of industrial ecology:a framework for analysis and action. Journal of Cleaner Production 2004;12:1111-23.
[42]邓伟根、王贵明.产业生态理论与实践—以西江产业带为例.北京：经济管理出版社,2005.
[43]Nae-Wen Kuo, Teng-Yuan Hsiao, Chun-Fa Lan. Tourism management and industrial ecology:a case study of food service in Taiwan. Tourism Management 2005:26:503-08.
[44]Jouni Korhonen, Juha-Pekka Snakin. Analysing the evolution of industrial ecosystems:concepts and application. Ecological Economics 2005:52:169-86.
[45]Jo Dewulf, Herman Van Langenhove. Integrating industrial ecology principles into a set of environmental sustainability indicators fortechnology assessment. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2005:43:419-32.
[46]Pierre Desrochers. Industrial symbiosis:the case for market coordination. Journal of Cleaner Production 2004:12:1099-110.
[47]Anthony S. F. Chiu, Geng Yong. On the industrial ecology potential in Asian Developing Countries. Journal of Cleaner Production 2004:12:1037-45.
[48]Jouni Korhonen, Ilkka Savolainen, Mikael Ohlstrom. Applications of the industrial ecology concept in a research project:Technology and Climate Change (CLIMTECH) Research in Finland. Journal of Cleaner Production 2004:12:1087-97.
[49]Daniel C. Esty, Michael Porter. Industrial Ecology and Competitiveness: Strategic Implications for the Firm. Journal of Industrial Ecology 1998;2(1):35-44.
[50]刘玲,周杨培.构筑企业生态竞争力初探.经济师2003(2)：56-57.
[51]万伦来.企业生态位及其评价方法研究.中国软科学2004(1)：73-78.
[52]杨忠直.企业生态学引论.北京：科学出版社,2003.
[53]王伟中.国际可持续发展战略比较研究.上海：商务印书馆,2001.
[54]赵景柱,肖寒,吴钢.生态系统服务的物质量与价值量评价方法的比较.应用生态学报2000：11(2)：290-92.
[55]赵景柱,梁秀英,张旭东.可持续发展概念的系统分析.生态学报1999：19(3)：393-98.
[56]赵景柱.论持续发展.科技导报1992;7(4)：13-16.
[57]高中海,余文学.生态学视角的企业技术创新.企业活力-技术创新2004(8)：46-47.
[58]IMD. World Competitiveness Yearbook. Lausanne, Switzerland; 2001.
[59]www.imd.ch/wcy.
[60]www.wforum.com.
[61]Michael E. Porter. The competitive advantage. Harvard Business Review 1990(11).
[62]薛澜.国际竞争力的概念和分析方法.中国科技论坛1995(6)：30-34.
[63]Tim Padmore, Hervey Gibson. Modeling system of innovation:Ⅱ. A framework for industrial cluster analysis in regions. Research Policy 1998:26:625-41.
[64]Ozlem Oz. Assessing Porter's framework for national advantage:the case of Turkey. Journal of Business Research 2002;55 (6):509-15.
[65]Dangayacha, G. S., Deshmukhb, S. G. Evidence of manufacturing strategies in Indian industry:a survey. Int J Production Economics 2003:83:279-98.
[66]Afonso Fleury. Quality and Productivity in the Competitive Strategies of Brazilian Industrial Enterprise. World Development 1995:23(1):73-85.
[67]Patrick Furu. Drivers of competence development in di!erenttypes of multinational R&D subsidiaries. Scand J Mgmt 2001:17:133-49.
[68]Shiaw-Wen Tien, Yi-Chan Chung, Chih-Hung Tsai. An empirical study on the correlation between environmental design implementation and business competitive advantages in Taiwan's industries. Technovation 2005:25:783-94.
[69]Balassa, B. Exports and Economic Growth:Further Evidence. Journal of Development Economics 1978(5):181-89.
[70]J. H. Powell, J. P. Bradford. Targeting intelligence gathering in a dynamic competitive environment. International Journal of Information Management 2000:20:181-95.
[71]A. Lewis Michael. Success, failure and organisational competence:acase study of the new product development process. J Eng Technol Manage 2001; 18:185-206.
[72]Manoj K. Agarwal, Barry E. Goodstadt. Gaining competitive advantage in the U.S. wireless telephony market:the marketing challenge. Telematics and Informatics 1997;14(2):159-71.
[73]Shih-Chi Chang. The TFT-LCD industry in Taiwan:competitive advantages and future developments. Technology in Society 2005:27:199-215.
[74]Sylvia Chan-Olmsted, Mark Jamison. Rivalry through alliances: Competitive Strategy in the Global Telecommunications Market. European Management Journal 2001;19 (3):317-31.
[75]张金昌.用出口数据评价国际竞争力的方法研究.经济管理2001(20).
[76]张金昌.国际竞争力评价的理论和方法.北京：经济科学出版社,2002.
[77]综合开发研究院国际竞争力研究课题组.产业组织国际竞争力的概念及其衡量.开放导报1998(9).
[78]周星.产业国际竞争力评价指标体系探究.2000(3).
[79]周星.福建省经济竞争力与竞争战略分析.发展研究2001(10)：42-45.
[80]樊纲.论竞争力.管理世界1998(3).
[81]狄昂照等.国际竞争力.北京：改革出版社,1992.
[82]金碚.产业国际竞争力研究.经济研究1996(11).
[83]金碚.论工业品国际竞争力.中国工业经济1996(4).
[84]高世揖,陈立,许钢.2000中国国际竞争力评价.战略与管理2001(2).
[85]赵彦云等.国际竞争力统计模型及其应用研究.北京：中国标准出版社,2005.
[86]A. G. Tansley. The Use and Abuse of Vegetational Concepts and Terms. Ecology 1935;16 (3):284-307.
[87]L. Lindeman. The Trophic-Dynamic Aspect of Ecology. Ecology 1942;23(4):399-417.
[88]孙儒泳等.基础生态学.2003：高等教育出版社,2003.
[89]李博等.生态学.北京：高等教育出版社,2000.
[90]Charles A. S. Hall, Cutler J. Cleveland, Robert Kaufman. Energy and Resource Quality:The Ecology of the Economic Process. New York:Wiley Interscience,1986.
[91]J. Ehrenfeld, N. Gertler. Industrial Ecology in Practice:the Evolution of Interdependence at Kalundborg. Journal of Industrial Ecology 1997;1(1):67-79.
[92]Jouni Korhonen. Some Suggestions for Regional Industrial Ecosystems —extended industrial ecology. Eco-Mangement and Auditing 2001;8(1):57-69.
[93]Lambert A J D, Boons F. Eco-industrial parks:stimulating sustainable development in mixed industrial parks. Technovation 2002;22(8):471-84.
[94]T. E. Graedel, Allenby. Industrial ecology. New York:Prentice Hall,2003.
[95]http://www.cees.org.cn/tengteng.pdf. In.
[96]Jouni Korhonena, Juha-Pekka Snakinb. Analysing the evolution of industrial ecosystems:concepts and application. Ecological Economics 2005:52:169-86.
[97]M'Conigle RM. Ecological. economics and political ecology:towards a necessary synthesis. Ecological Economics 1999;28(1):11～26.
[98]Wackernagel M, Rees W. Perceptual and structural barriersto investing in natural capital:economics from an ecological footprint perspective. Ecological Economics 1997;20(1):3-24.
[99]Linnanen L. Essays on Environmental Value Chain Management Challenge of Sustainable Development. Jyvaskyla:School of Business and Economics University of Jyvaskyla,1998.
[100]Robert Costanza, Herman E. Daly. Natural Capital and Sustainable Development. Conservation Biology 1992;6(1):37-46.
[101]Herman E. Daly. Beyond Growth-the Economics of Sustainable Development. In. Boston, Beacon,1996.
[102]李慧明,朱红伟,廖卓玲.论循环经济与产业生态系统之构建.现代财经2005：25(4)：8-11.
[103]赵林飞.产业生态化的若干问题研究.杭州：浙江大学：2003.
[104]王兆华,尹建华,武春友.生态工业园中的生态产业链结构模型研究.中国软科学2003(10)：149-52.
[105]王发明,蔡宁.基于产业生态：企业集群的发展趋势.改革2006(4)：87-91.
[106]环境科学大辞典.北京：中国环境科学出版社,2008.
[107]杨军.我国国家公务员制度与社会生态环境.探索1997(3)：79-82.
[108]杰弗里·贝尔著.竞争力.北京：中信出版社,2003.
[109]李海婴,李峰,赵富强.面向企业自适应能力管理集成的哲学思考.系统科学学报2006：14(1).
[110]Timo Kuosmanen. Measurement and Analysis of Eco-eff iciency:An Economist's Perspective. Journal of industrial Ecology 2005;9(4):15-18.
[111]吴永林,高洪深,林晓言.企业技术创新能力的多级模糊综合评价.数量经济技术经济研究2002(03)：53-56.
[112]吴国松.我国环境保护强度对产业竞争力影响的实证分析-以我国造纸业为例.华东经济管理2007：21(11)：34-38.
[113]孙玉琴.企业社会责任与我国企业的国际竞争力.特区经济2005(8)：49-51.
[114]Nalebuff. Brandenburger. Co-opetition.合肥：安徽人民出版社,2000.
[115]孙淑生、徐燕鲁.论企业生产系统的柔性.2001(1)：45-46.
[116]J. Yoshimura, C. W. Clark. Individual adaptations in stochastic environments. Evolutionary Ecology 1991;5(4):173-92.
[117]Ken Baskin. Corporate DNA:Learning from Life. London: Butterworth-Heinemann,1998.
[118]D'Aveni R. Hypercompetition:managing the dynamics of strategic
maneuvering. New York:The Free Press,1994.
[119]Grant RM. The Resource-Based Theory of Competitive Advantage:Implications for strategy formulation. California Management Review 1991;33(3):114-35.
[120]陈柳钦.产业发展的集群化、融合化和生态化.经济与管理研究2006(01)：56-60.
[121]郝刚、胡悦、张东生.区域产业生态分析框架研究.科学管理研究2002：20(2)：70-73.
[122]Winter SG. Knowledge and Competence as Strategic Assets. Cambridge: MA:Ballinger Publishing Company,1987.
[123]赵宗更、王晓凤、郭凤兰.高新技术产业生态系统模型初探.经济师2004(03)：52-53.
[124]Cook JS, DeBree K, Feroleto A. From raw materials to customers:Supply chain management in the service industry. SAM Advanced Management Journal 2001:66(3):14-21.
[125]丁继峰.产业生态化与可持续发展.经济论坛2006(09)：35-37.
[126]Gene M. Grossman, Alan B. Krueger. Environmental Impacts of a North American Free Trade Agreement. In:CEPR,1991.
[127]苏珊珊.浅析中国对外贸易可持续发展问题.管理科学文摘2005(04)：19-20.
[128]王荣花,张俊豪.中国纺织品出口贸易面临的绿色壁垒与对策.科技与管理2007：46(06)：13-16.
[129]王建平.国内外纺织品技术标准的现状、发展趋势及对我国纺织品出口的影响.纺织导报2005(04)：16-25.
[130]杜冲,廖青,王柏华.构建生态纺织品预警体系应对技术性贸易措施.北京服装学院学报2007(1)：61-65.
[131]谷任,吴海斌.汇率变动、市场份额与中国纺织品服装出口竞争力.世界经济2007(3)：41-48.
[132]Jurgen Meckl. Market power of firms and exchange-rate fluctuations. Journal of Economics 1996:63(1):57-77.
[133]Vaubel R. Real exchange-rate changes in the European community:The empirical evidence and its implications for European currency unification. Review of World Economics 1976;112(3):429-70.
[134]Jazen D H. When is it co-evolution. Evolution 1980:34:611-12.
[135]张倩.银行业的和谐共生--合作竞争.南京：南京理工大学;2006.
[136]蓝盛芳.试论达尔文进化论与协同进化论.生态科学1995(02)：167-70.
[137]王立志,韩福荣.企业间的协同进化分析.科学管理研究2003(02)：19-21.
[138]马士华.供应链企业之间的合作模式.电子商务世界2003(06)：68-70.
[139]Holme R., P. Watts. Corporate social responsibility:making good business sense. In:World Business Council for Sustainable Development; 2000; 2000.
[140]曲英燕、张爱丽.实施企业社会责任提高企业责任竞争力.商场现代化2006(07)：86-88.
[141]Gerald E. Fryxel, Cathy A. Enz. Value similarity about human resources, competitiveness and social responsibility:A study of organizational and suborganizational differences. International Journal of Value-Based Management 1990;3(2).
[142]Marc Vilanova, Josep Maria Lozano, Daniel Arenas. Exploring the Nature of the Relationship Between CSR and Competitiveness. Journal of Business Ethics 2009:87(1).
[143]赵惊涛.企业环境责任确立的价值定位.当代法学2007;125(09)：46-49.
[144]苏洁.我国企业实施供应链管理的问题与对策.中国市场2007(04)：68-69.
[145]John C. Sawhill. Creating biodiversity partnerships:The Nature Conservancy's perspective. Environmental Management 1996;20(6):789-92.
[146]徐立中,秦荪涛.基于价值链的生态产业共生系统稳定性对策研究.财经论丛2007(02)：90-96.
[147]高娟.行业协会在区域合作中的作用及其立法完善.经济论坛2009(02)：99-101.
[148]柴振国,范旭华.区域合作中的行业协会立法回应.湖北经济学院学报2009(02)：91-92.
[149]刘志坚.基于循环经济的产业链耦合机制研究.科技管理研究2007(07)：111-13.
[150]Mark E. Roberts, Ela Claridge. A Multistage Approach to Cooperatively Coevolving Feature Construction and Object Detection:Springer Berlin/Heidelberg, 2005.
[151]Frank Fitch, Greg Loving. COMPETITION AND COOPERATION:EVIL TWINS OR FATED LOVERS? PHILOSOPHICAL STUDIES IN EDUCATION 2007:38:83-93.
[152]郭彬,郭焱.协作竞争--企业竞争战略研究.生产力研究2007(22)：110-12.
[153]张秀生,陈立兵.产业集群、合作竞争与区域竞争力.武汉大学学报2005(05)：294-99.
[154]林媛媛.构建厦漳泉区域产业链的构想.特区经济2006(04)：277-79.
[155]何东,邓玲.区域生态工业系统的理论架构及其实现路径.社会科学研究2007(03)：58-61.
[156]金德辉,王金南.发展循环经济是21世纪环境保护的战略选择.环境保护2001(10)：36-38.
[157]S. G. Barashkov, F. I. Elik. Improvement of industrial processes as an important factor in the protection of the environment (exchange of experience). Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal 1978;12(12):1644-45.
[158]袁增伟,毕军.生态产业共生网络形成机理及其系统解析框架.生态学报2007(08)：3183-88.
[159]Jae-Young Ko, Charles A. S. Hall, Luis G. Lopez Lemus. Resource Use Rates and Efficiency as Indicators of Regional Sustainability:an Examination of Five Countries. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 1998;51(1-2):571-93.
[160]Wolfgang Grassl. A General Theory of Competition:Resources, Competences, Productivity, Economic Growth. The Review of Austrian Economics 2003; 16(4):385-93.
[161]David J. Collis, Cynthia A. Montgomery. Competing on Resources:Strategy in the 1990s. Harvard Business Review 1994(4):118-28.
[162]Vannoni D. Diversification, the Resource View and Productivity:Evidence from Italian Manufacturing Firms. Empirica 2000;27(1).
[163]Raimund Bleischwitz. Rethinking Productivity:Why has Productivity Focussed on Labour Instead of Natural Resources? Environmental and Resource Economics 2001;19(1).
[164]陈晓华,张小林.边缘化地区核心竞争力提升的产业生态化创新策略.南京财经大学学报2005(03)：18-20.
[165]Schwarz, E. K. Steininger. The Industrial Recycling-Network Enhancing Regional Development. Research Memorandum 1995(04):96-100.
[166]Gola G., Mancini R., Patrucco M., Rizzolo G. Evaluation of the technological level and productivity of the aggregate quarries of Piemonte. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 1984;29(1):75-80.
[167]Elliott Parker, Mark Pingle. The distributional effects of selection and capital accumulation on firm productivity under imperfect capital markets. Empirical Economics 2006;31(3):677-97.
[168]金萍.企业加快流动资金周转的措施方法.辽宁行政学院学报2007：9(05)：118-19.
[169]徐金清.提高企业资金周转速度的思考.经济师2009(02)：245-47.
[170]P. M. Swamidass. Encyclopedia of Production and Manufacturing Management. New York:Springer US,2000.
[171]Nikolaos P. Eriotis, Zoe Frangouli, Zoe Ventoura-Neokosmides. Profit Margin And Capital Structure:An Empirical Relationship. The Journal of Applied Business Research 2002;18(2):85-88.
[172]吉云.企业家活动与创新利润的来源.财经论丛2007(07)：14-20.
[173]Patricia M. Fairfield, Teri Lombardi Yohn. Using Asset Turnover and Profit Margin to Forecast Changes in Profitability. Review of Accounting Studies 2001;6(4):371-85.
[174]李春萍.教育研究方法.长春：东北师范大学出版社,2001.