银行软件项目管理及质量控制
摘要
随着全球经济一体化的发展，银行业务将会以更加多样化的形式出现，企业间的各种结算将会更加复杂和频繁，银行业的竞争也越来越多地体现在运用新的科技手段之上。怎样能将银行机构原有的计算设备和网络系统进行改造和更新，并建立一套更加先进、稳定而又具有较大的业务扩展空间的银行业务处理系统来满足当前及未来很长一段时期内的业务需求，提高工作效率是很多金融机构需要解决的当务之急。
因为银行的企业性质，决定了银行业对软件的依赖。银行业的软件素来以高质量、高可靠、高安全、高效率著称。因此软件质量是银行业最为关心的问题之一。
软件质量管理是建立在软件项目管理的基础上，它贯穿于软件开发的各个阶段并且与软件项目管理紧密相连。它是对基于软件工程之上的软件项目开发流程的一个延伸和补充。我们知道，软件工程的提出是为软件开发提出一个科学的定义和流程，它使得软件开发变得更加规范和有章可循；软件质量控制则是以如何保证软件产品的质量作为重点，以提供品质可靠的软件产品作为根本目标。
软件项目管理着眼于按照软件工程标准下的软件项目开发的各阶段。软件项目开发的一般流程包括需求分析、系统整体设计、系统详细设计、程序设计及编码、软件测试（单元测试、集成测试）等阶段。每一个阶段都要按相应的标准来进行操作和管理。
软件质量管理从始至终存在于软件项目开发之中，它主要包括以下内容：首先是从项目立项时就要提出项目的质量指标，并据此拟定开发计划；在需求分析时应按照有利于提高软件质量的方法进行设计，进入项目设计阶段时，需要对本阶段产生的总体设计进行评审，同时产生下一阶段（程序设计）的开发编码规范；程序设计完成后，应该按照此编码规范进行程序代码的审查；综合测试后产生质量评价
表，对项目作一综合评价。
本文以软件项目管理作为出发点，遵循软件项目开发的流程，研究软件项目管理的过程和特点，着重于软件质量体系建立的原理和方法，并且结合我行软件质量控制的项目－公司贷款审批系统的实施来探讨银行软件项目质量控制的问题。
With the development of the world economy. The banking service will appear various forms. Settlement between enterprises will become more complicated and frequently. And the competition between banks will focus on the use of update science and technology. How could we update the existing computing equipment, and establish a new advanced stable and expandable banking service system is our major problem.
Decided by the enterprise property of the bank, computer software is serious needed. As we all known, the software used by banks is more stable secure and efficient. For this reason the quality of the software is one of the important problems that the banks need to face up.
Quality control of the software is base on the management of software items. It comes through all the phase of software development. And it is also the supplement of software development. We know that software project prescribe the definition and flow of software developing scientifically. It makes the software development normatively. The main purpose of quality control of the software is the software's quality.
The management of software item is according to the phase of software project development. Such as requirement analysis, whole system design, detailed system design, program design, and software testing etc.
Management of software quality always exists in the software development. It includes these components: first, put forward the quality target and the plan; second, at requirement analysis phase, design must be availed the software quality; third, at the designing phase, evaluate and exam the entirely design, and put forward next phase's design criterion; last, exam the code according to previous criterion. After the full test, bring forward a form of the quality evaluating. And make a summary
evaluating of the project.
The article is following this clue: management of software project, flow of software project development, characteristic and process of management of software project, emphasize the principle of software quality system, combine with the real examine and approve system of enterprise loan.
因为银行的企业性质，决定了银行业对软件的依赖。银行业的软件素来以高质量、高可靠、高安全、高效率著称。因此软件质量是银行业最为关心的问题之一。
软件质量管理是建立在软件项目管理的基础上，它贯穿于软件开发的各个阶段并且与软件项目管理紧密相连。它是对基于软件工程之上的软件项目开发流程的一个延伸和补充。我们知道，软件工程的提出是为软件开发提出一个科学的定义和流程，它使得软件开发变得更加规范和有章可循；软件质量控制则是以如何保证软件产品的质量作为重点，以提供品质可靠的软件产品作为根本目标。
软件项目管理着眼于按照软件工程标准下的软件项目开发的各阶段。软件项目开发的一般流程包括需求分析、系统整体设计、系统详细设计、程序设计及编码、软件测试（单元测试、集成测试）等阶段。每一个阶段都要按相应的标准来进行操作和管理。
软件质量管理从始至终存在于软件项目开发之中，它主要包括以下内容：首先是从项目立项时就要提出项目的质量指标，并据此拟定开发计划；在需求分析时应按照有利于提高软件质量的方法进行设计，进入项目设计阶段时，需要对本阶段产生的总体设计进行评审，同时产生下一阶段（程序设计）的开发编码规范；程序设计完成后，应该按照此编码规范进行程序代码的审查；综合测试后产生质量评价
表，对项目作一综合评价。
本文以软件项目管理作为出发点，遵循软件项目开发的流程，研究软件项目管理的过程和特点，着重于软件质量体系建立的原理和方法，并且结合我行软件质量控制的项目－公司贷款审批系统的实施来探讨银行软件项目质量控制的问题。
With the development of the world economy. The banking service will appear various forms. Settlement between enterprises will become more complicated and frequently. And the competition between banks will focus on the use of update science and technology. How could we update the existing computing equipment, and establish a new advanced stable and expandable banking service system is our major problem.
Decided by the enterprise property of the bank, computer software is serious needed. As we all known, the software used by banks is more stable secure and efficient. For this reason the quality of the software is one of the important problems that the banks need to face up.
Quality control of the software is base on the management of software items. It comes through all the phase of software development. And it is also the supplement of software development. We know that software project prescribe the definition and flow of software developing scientifically. It makes the software development normatively. The main purpose of quality control of the software is the software's quality.
The management of software item is according to the phase of software project development. Such as requirement analysis, whole system design, detailed system design, program design, and software testing etc.
Management of software quality always exists in the software development. It includes these components: first, put forward the quality target and the plan; second, at requirement analysis phase, design must be availed the software quality; third, at the designing phase, evaluate and exam the entirely design, and put forward next phase's design criterion; last, exam the code according to previous criterion. After the full test, bring forward a form of the quality evaluating. And make a summary
evaluating of the project.
The article is following this clue: management of software project, flow of software project development, characteristic and process of management of software project, emphasize the principle of software quality system, combine with the real examine and approve system of enterprise loan.
引文
《软件工程－实践者的研究方法》 Roger S.Pressman (美)
黄柏素、梅宏译 机械工业出版社 1999年10月第一版
《IT项目管理》 Kathy Schwalbe(美)
王金玉、时彬译 机械工业出版社 2002年1月第一版
《IEEE软件工程词汇表》 （1997年）
《商业银行信贷管理》 李子白著
厦门大学出版社 1996年12月第一版
建设银行内部关于软件质量控制的若干文件资料
建设银行内部关于公司贷款的若干文件资料
黄柏素、梅宏译 机械工业出版社 1999年10月第一版
《IT项目管理》 Kathy Schwalbe(美)
王金玉、时彬译 机械工业出版社 2002年1月第一版
《IEEE软件工程词汇表》 （1997年）
《商业银行信贷管理》 李子白著
厦门大学出版社 1996年12月第一版
建设银行内部关于软件质量控制的若干文件资料
建设银行内部关于公司贷款的若干文件资料