基于HFC网络的数据传输技术研究
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摘要
混合光纤／同轴电缆(HFC)网络是目前市场上较为热门的一种宽带接入网络，尽管还存在一定的问题，但它所具有的显著优点足以使它成为可与通信网络竞争、实现三网合一的网络平台。是智能小区高速宽带网络的一种最有前途的宽带接入网络之一。
本文共分为6章，对HFC网络上的数据数据传输技术中所涉及的MAC协议的相关技术和算法、网络管理模式、服务质量与管理以及数据安全体系等方面进行较全面的研究，提出了相应的改进算法和相关技术。具体如下：
第1章 分析了现有的HFC网络数据传输技术研究的现状及存在的问题，为合理选择HFC网络模型、标准以及设计HFC网络提供了理论和技术保证；
第2章 从HFC网络的MAC协议出发，分析了HFC网络目前相关标准的冲突解决算法，找出了影响HFC网络系统性能的主要因素，提出了用FS-ALOHA算法改进HFC网络性能的新算法和技术；
第3章 针对HFC网络设备的特点，对HFC网络管理的模式、管理信息库和管理对象进行研究，对MIB参数的设定及应用进行了详细的讨论。为开发HFC网络管理系统提供了理论基础；
第4章 对HFC网络环境下的各种业务、分类器技术、QOS服务质量管理等进行研究，为HFC网络的多种业务开展提供技术保证，以确保能实现HFC网络下高品质信息传输；
第5章 研究了HFC网络环境下的数据安全与加密机制、相关的数据加密算法与加密方案，以及数字证书管理机制。为确保能实现HFC网络下信息安全传输和业务开展提供技术保证。
第6章 总结与展望
随着相关技术的发展，HFC网络技术必将更加成熟、成本更低、服务质量会更好，必在我国的高速信息网络领域获得快速发展。
Hybrid Fiber/Coaxial (HFC)network is a popular access broadband network system at present market. Its advantages are so significantly that it become a network platform for compete with communication net, though it existence some problem yet, as a network that realizable three net unite as one. HFC is a one of the most prospect high speed broadband network of intellective district.
This paper is divided six chapters, These are overall study some technology and algorithms in the MAC for data transmission over HFC network, HFC network management mode, quality of service and management, and data security. Including:
The chapter one: Analysis three models of HFC network in current, performance, and characteristic. Offered assurance of theories and technology use for select HFC network model, standard, and devise scheme.
The chapter two: Analysis HFC network MAC, locate for what are influence factor of system performance, presented some algorithm and technology to improve HFC network performance for use FS-ALOHA algorithm.
The chapter three: Researched HFC network management mode, Management Information Base, and management objects. Offered theories foundation for develop HFC network management system.
The chapter four: Researched quality of serve of HFC. Offered technical assurance for multiple service ver HFC.
The chapter five: Researched data security system of HFC. Offered data privacy across, certificates and their management modes, solved the data security in MAC layer for HFC network o
The chapter six: sum and vista
According as relational technology development, HFC network technology will be more familiar, lower cost, high quality of service, it will be faster development in high speed information net in China.
本文共分为6章，对HFC网络上的数据数据传输技术中所涉及的MAC协议的相关技术和算法、网络管理模式、服务质量与管理以及数据安全体系等方面进行较全面的研究，提出了相应的改进算法和相关技术。具体如下：
第1章 分析了现有的HFC网络数据传输技术研究的现状及存在的问题，为合理选择HFC网络模型、标准以及设计HFC网络提供了理论和技术保证；
第2章 从HFC网络的MAC协议出发，分析了HFC网络目前相关标准的冲突解决算法，找出了影响HFC网络系统性能的主要因素，提出了用FS-ALOHA算法改进HFC网络性能的新算法和技术；
第3章 针对HFC网络设备的特点，对HFC网络管理的模式、管理信息库和管理对象进行研究，对MIB参数的设定及应用进行了详细的讨论。为开发HFC网络管理系统提供了理论基础；
第4章 对HFC网络环境下的各种业务、分类器技术、QOS服务质量管理等进行研究，为HFC网络的多种业务开展提供技术保证，以确保能实现HFC网络下高品质信息传输；
第5章 研究了HFC网络环境下的数据安全与加密机制、相关的数据加密算法与加密方案，以及数字证书管理机制。为确保能实现HFC网络下信息安全传输和业务开展提供技术保证。
第6章 总结与展望
随着相关技术的发展，HFC网络技术必将更加成熟、成本更低、服务质量会更好，必在我国的高速信息网络领域获得快速发展。
Hybrid Fiber/Coaxial (HFC)network is a popular access broadband network system at present market. Its advantages are so significantly that it become a network platform for compete with communication net, though it existence some problem yet, as a network that realizable three net unite as one. HFC is a one of the most prospect high speed broadband network of intellective district.
This paper is divided six chapters, These are overall study some technology and algorithms in the MAC for data transmission over HFC network, HFC network management mode, quality of service and management, and data security. Including:
The chapter one: Analysis three models of HFC network in current, performance, and characteristic. Offered assurance of theories and technology use for select HFC network model, standard, and devise scheme.
The chapter two: Analysis HFC network MAC, locate for what are influence factor of system performance, presented some algorithm and technology to improve HFC network performance for use FS-ALOHA algorithm.
The chapter three: Researched HFC network management mode, Management Information Base, and management objects. Offered theories foundation for develop HFC network management system.
The chapter four: Researched quality of serve of HFC. Offered technical assurance for multiple service ver HFC.
The chapter five: Researched data security system of HFC. Offered data privacy across, certificates and their management modes, solved the data security in MAC layer for HFC network o
The chapter six: sum and vista
According as relational technology development, HFC network technology will be more familiar, lower cost, high quality of service, it will be faster development in high speed information net in China.
引文
[1] IEEE. IEEE Project 802.14/a Draft 3 Revision 1, Cable-TV Access Method and Physical Layer Specification (status: interim). 1998: 7-267
[2] Michael. ATM and MPEG-2 in Cable TV Networks, Part 1 and 2. Communications Technogoly, 1997: 6-170
[3] DAVIC. DAVIC 1.1 Specification Part 02. 1996: 27-187
[4] Mark Laubach, David J. Farber, Stephen Dukes. Breaking the Access Barrier: Internet Connections over Cable. John Wiley Publishers, ISBN 0-471-38950-1, New York. 2000
[5] Albert Azzam. High-Speed Cable Modems. 电子工业出版社，1999(7)：227-228
[6] B. McNeil et. Implementation Overview of Tree-Based Algorithm. Contr.No.IEEE 802.14, 1996(11): 96-246
[7] R. Citta, C. C. Lee, and D. Lin. Phase 2 Simulation Results for Adaptive Random Access Protocol. Contr. No. IEEE802.14, 1996(5): 96-114
[8] Chatschik Bisdikian, Kiyoshi Maruyama, David I. Seidman, Dimitrios N. Serpanos. Cable Access Beyond the Hype: On Residential Broadband Data Service over HFC Networks. IEEE Commun, 1996(11): 128-135.
[9] P. Mathys, P. Flajolet. Q-ary Collision Resolution Algorithms in Random Access Systems with Free or Blocked Channel Access. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 1985(3): 97-131.
[10] C. Bisdikian. Enhancing the Collision Resolution algorithm. Comments to d2R2, Contr. No. IEEE802.14, 1997(11): 97-121.
[11] Andrew S. Tanenbaum. Computer Networks, Third Ed. Prentice-Hall, 1996(7): 246-266.
[12] Chatschik Bisdikian. MLAP: A MAC Level Access Protocol for the HFC 802.14 Network. IEEE Commun. Mag., vol.34, 1996(3): 114-121
[13] Chatschik Bisdikian, Bill McNeil, Rob Norman. msSTART: A Random Access Algorithm for the IEEE802.14 HFC Network. Computer Science/Mathematics, 1996(6): 3-23
[14] L. A. Goldberg, P. MacKenzie, M. Paterson, A. Srinivasan. Contention Resolution with Constant Expected Delay. FOCS, 1997: 213-222
[15] Ying-Dar Lin, Chia-Jen Wu, Wei-Ming Yin. PCUP: Pipelined Cyclic Upstream Protocol Over HFC. IEEE Network, vol. 11, no. 1, 1997(1/2): 24-34.
[16] J. I. Capetanakis. Tree Algorithms for Packet Broadcast Channels. IEEE Trans. on Information
Theory IT-25(5), 1979(5): 505-515
[17] P. Mathys, P. Flajolet. Q-ary Collision Resolution Algorithms in Random-Access Systems with Free or Blocked Channel Access. IEEE Trans on Information Theory IT-31(2), 1985(2): 217-243.
[18] Albert Azzam. High-Speed Cable Modems. 电子工业出版社，1999(7): 227-228
[19] F. P. Kelly, I. M. MacPhee. The Number of Packets Transmitted by Collision Detect Random Access Schemes. The Annals of Probability 15(4), 1987(4): 1557-1568.
[20] John O. Limb, Dolors Sala. A protocol for efficient transfer of data over hybird fiber/coax systems. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, vol.5, no.6, 1997(12): 872-881
[21] Ying-Dar Lin, Chen-Yu Huang, Wei-Ming Yin. Allocation and Scheduling Algorithms for IEEE 802.14 and MCNS in Hybrid Fiber Coaxial Networks. IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, Vol.44, No. 4, 1998(12): 427-435
[22] D. Vazquez-Cortizo, J. Garcia, C. Blondia, B. Van Houdt. FIFO by Sets ALOHA (FS-ALOHA): A Collision Resolution Algorithm for the Contention Channel in Wireless ATM Systems. Performance Evaluation 1999(36): 401-427
[23] A. Ephremides, B. Hajek, Information theory and communication networks: an unconsummated union, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 44(6), 1998(6): 2416-2432
[24] John O. Limb, Dolors Sala. A Protocol for Efficient Transfer of Data Over Hybrid Fiber/Coax Systems. IEEE/ACM Trans. on Networking, vol. 5, no. 6, 1997(12): 872-881
[25] K. Sriram, P. Magill. Enhanced Throughput Efficiency by Use of Dynamically Variable Request Minislots in MAC Protocols for HFC and Wireless Access Networks. Telecommun Systems: Special Issue on Multimedia, vol. 9, 1998(5): 127-234
[26] K. Sriram. Performance of MAC protocols for Broadband HFC and Wireless Networks. Advances in Performance Analysis, vol. 1, no. 1, 1998(3): 1-37
[27] Mike StJohns. Radio Frequency(RF) Interface Management Information Base for MCNS/DOCSIS complitiant RF interfaces, (INTERNET-DRAFT, draft-ietf-ipcdn-rf-interface-mib-07.txt). 1999: 3-137
[28] Michael StJohns. Cable Device Management Information Base for DOCSIS compliant Cable Modems and Cable Modem Termination Systems. (INTERNET-DRAFT, draft-ietf-ipcdn-cable-device-mib-08.txt). 1999: 3-242
[29] S. Adiraju, J. Fijolek. Telephony-Return Interface(TRI) Management Information Base for DOCSIS-compliant Telephony-Return Cable Modems and Cable Modem Termination Systems.
(INTERNET-DRAFT, draft-ietf-ipcdn-tri-mib-01.txt), 1999: 4-174
[30] M. Patrick, John Harvey. Data Over Cable System Quality of Service Management Information Base. (INTERNET-DRAFT, draft-ietf-ipcdn-qos-mib-01.txt), 1999: 5-173
[31] N. Golmie, S. Masson, G. Pieris, D. Su. A MAC protocols for HFC networks: Design issues and performance evaluation. Computer Commun., vol. 20, 1997(10): 1042-1050
[32] B. Doshi, S. Dravida, P. Magill, C. Siller, K. Sriram. A Broadband Multiple Access Protocol for STM, ATM, and Variable Length Data Services on Hybrid Fiver-Coax Networks. Bell Labs Technical J. (BLTJ), vol. 1, no. 1, 1996(7): 36-65
[33] John W. Eng, James F. Mollenauer. IEEE Project 802.14: Standards for Digital Convergence. IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 33, no. 5, 1995(5): 20-23
[34] Chatschik Bisdikian, Kiyoshi Maruyama, David I. Seidman, Dimitrios N. Serpanos. Cable Access Beyond the Hype: On Residential Broadband Data Service over HFC Networks. IEEE Commun. Mag., 1996(11): 128-135
[35] D. Heyman, A. Tabatabai, T. V. Lakshman. Statistical analysis and simulation study of video teleconferencing traffic in ATM networks. Proc. of IEEE Globecom'91, 1991(11): 21-27
[36] Walter Ciciora, James Farmer, David Large. Modern Cable Television Technology. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, ISBN 1-55860-416-2, 1999: 178-312
[37] G. Fayolle, P. Flajolet, M. Hofri, P. Jacquet. Analysis of a stack algorithm for random multiple-access communication. IEEE Trans. on Information Theory IT-21(2), 1985(2): 244-254
[38] L. A. Goldberg, P. MacKenzie. Analysis of Practical Backoff Protocols for Contention Resolution with Multiple Servers. Journal of Computer and System Sciences 58, 1999(8): 232--258
[39] D. J. Goodman. Cellular Packet Communications. IEEE Trans. on Commun., vol. 38, no. 8, 1990(8): 1272-1280
[40] William Pugh, Gerald Boyer. Broadband Access: Comparing Alternatives. IEEE Commun. Mag., 1995(8): 34-46
[41] K. Sriram, W. Whitt. Characterizing superposition arrival processes in packet multiplexers for voice and data. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Commun., vol. SAC-4, no. 6, 1986(11): 833-846
[42] DOCSIS. Data Over Cable System Quality of Service Management Information Base (DOCSIS-QOS M1B)＜draft-ietf-ipcdn-qos-mib-01. txt＞. 1999: 3-117
[43] V. R. Karanam, K. Sriram, D. O. Bowker. Performance Evaluation of Variable Bit Rate Voice in Packet Networks. AT&T Technical Journal, 1988(9/10): 41-56..
[44] J. P. Cosmas et al. A Review of Voice, Data, and Video Traffic Models for ATM. European
Transactions on Telecommunications and Related Technologies, vol. 5, no.2, 1994(3/4): 139-154.
[45] DOCSIS. Baseline Privacy Plus Interface Specification SP-BPI+-103-991105(SP-BPI+). 1999: 3-181
[46] FIPS-46-1. Federal Information Processing Standard Publication(FIPS PUB) 46-1. Data Encryption Standard, 1988: 5-78
[47] FIPS-46-3. Federal Information Processing Standard Publication(FIPS PUB) 46-3. Data Encryption Standard, 1999: 3-97
[48] FIPS Pub 81. DES Modes of Operation. 1996: 5-124
[49] ANSI X9.52. Triple Data Encryption Algorithm Modes of Operation, 1998: 3-132
[50] RFC1750. Randomness Recommendations for Security. 1994: 5-67
[51] FIPS-180-1. Federal Information Processing Standard Publication(FIPS PUB) 180-1. Data Encryption Standard, 1995: 4-156
[52] RSA Laboratories. PKCS#1 v2.0: RSA Cryptography Standard. 1999: 4-161
[53] ITU-T Recommendation X.509. Information Technology-Open Systems Interconnection - The Directory: Authentication Framework. 1977: 5-217
[54] Bihem E, Shanir. A Differential cryptanalysis of DES-like cryptosyaterns. Journal of Cryptology, 1991(1): 3-72
[55] Kaliski B SJr, Yin Y L. On the Security of the RC5 Encryption Algorithm. RSA Laboratories Technical Report TR-602. V 1.0, 1998(11): 1-31
[56] LeifA. Ims, Dagfinn Myhrem, Borgar T. Olsen. Economics of Residential Broadband Access Network Technology and Strategies. IEEE Network, 1997(1/2): 51-57.
[57] 黄晓宇，罗文钦．HFC网络及其IP数据传输的方法讨论．电视技术，2001(5)：40-43
[58] 黄晓宇．提高HFC网络性能的相关方法．湖南工程学院学报自科版，2001(1)：44-47
[59] 黄晓宇，罗光明．用FS-ALOHA算法改善IEEE802．14 MAC性能．无线电通信技术，2002(1)：18-20
[60] 黄晓宇，罗文钦．HFC网络安全与加密机制的研究．电视技术，2001(11)：46-49
[61] 黄晓宇，罗文钦．基于DOCSIS标准的HFC数据加密算法的分析．电视技术，2002(8)，40-43．
[62] 黄晓宇．HFC网管对象MIB的研究．现代有线传输，2000(1)46-50
[63] 黄晓宇．HFC网络QOS协议及MIB结构．现代有线传输，2000(3)：22-27
[2] Michael. ATM and MPEG-2 in Cable TV Networks, Part 1 and 2. Communications Technogoly, 1997: 6-170
[3] DAVIC. DAVIC 1.1 Specification Part 02. 1996: 27-187
[4] Mark Laubach, David J. Farber, Stephen Dukes. Breaking the Access Barrier: Internet Connections over Cable. John Wiley Publishers, ISBN 0-471-38950-1, New York. 2000
[5] Albert Azzam. High-Speed Cable Modems. 电子工业出版社，1999(7)：227-228
[6] B. McNeil et. Implementation Overview of Tree-Based Algorithm. Contr.No.IEEE 802.14, 1996(11): 96-246
[7] R. Citta, C. C. Lee, and D. Lin. Phase 2 Simulation Results for Adaptive Random Access Protocol. Contr. No. IEEE802.14, 1996(5): 96-114
[8] Chatschik Bisdikian, Kiyoshi Maruyama, David I. Seidman, Dimitrios N. Serpanos. Cable Access Beyond the Hype: On Residential Broadband Data Service over HFC Networks. IEEE Commun, 1996(11): 128-135.
[9] P. Mathys, P. Flajolet. Q-ary Collision Resolution Algorithms in Random Access Systems with Free or Blocked Channel Access. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 1985(3): 97-131.
[10] C. Bisdikian. Enhancing the Collision Resolution algorithm. Comments to d2R2, Contr. No. IEEE802.14, 1997(11): 97-121.
[11] Andrew S. Tanenbaum. Computer Networks, Third Ed. Prentice-Hall, 1996(7): 246-266.
[12] Chatschik Bisdikian. MLAP: A MAC Level Access Protocol for the HFC 802.14 Network. IEEE Commun. Mag., vol.34, 1996(3): 114-121
[13] Chatschik Bisdikian, Bill McNeil, Rob Norman. msSTART: A Random Access Algorithm for the IEEE802.14 HFC Network. Computer Science/Mathematics, 1996(6): 3-23
[14] L. A. Goldberg, P. MacKenzie, M. Paterson, A. Srinivasan. Contention Resolution with Constant Expected Delay. FOCS, 1997: 213-222
[15] Ying-Dar Lin, Chia-Jen Wu, Wei-Ming Yin. PCUP: Pipelined Cyclic Upstream Protocol Over HFC. IEEE Network, vol. 11, no. 1, 1997(1/2): 24-34.
[16] J. I. Capetanakis. Tree Algorithms for Packet Broadcast Channels. IEEE Trans. on Information
Theory IT-25(5), 1979(5): 505-515
[17] P. Mathys, P. Flajolet. Q-ary Collision Resolution Algorithms in Random-Access Systems with Free or Blocked Channel Access. IEEE Trans on Information Theory IT-31(2), 1985(2): 217-243.
[18] Albert Azzam. High-Speed Cable Modems. 电子工业出版社，1999(7): 227-228
[19] F. P. Kelly, I. M. MacPhee. The Number of Packets Transmitted by Collision Detect Random Access Schemes. The Annals of Probability 15(4), 1987(4): 1557-1568.
[20] John O. Limb, Dolors Sala. A protocol for efficient transfer of data over hybird fiber/coax systems. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, vol.5, no.6, 1997(12): 872-881
[21] Ying-Dar Lin, Chen-Yu Huang, Wei-Ming Yin. Allocation and Scheduling Algorithms for IEEE 802.14 and MCNS in Hybrid Fiber Coaxial Networks. IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, Vol.44, No. 4, 1998(12): 427-435
[22] D. Vazquez-Cortizo, J. Garcia, C. Blondia, B. Van Houdt. FIFO by Sets ALOHA (FS-ALOHA): A Collision Resolution Algorithm for the Contention Channel in Wireless ATM Systems. Performance Evaluation 1999(36): 401-427
[23] A. Ephremides, B. Hajek, Information theory and communication networks: an unconsummated union, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 44(6), 1998(6): 2416-2432
[24] John O. Limb, Dolors Sala. A Protocol for Efficient Transfer of Data Over Hybrid Fiber/Coax Systems. IEEE/ACM Trans. on Networking, vol. 5, no. 6, 1997(12): 872-881
[25] K. Sriram, P. Magill. Enhanced Throughput Efficiency by Use of Dynamically Variable Request Minislots in MAC Protocols for HFC and Wireless Access Networks. Telecommun Systems: Special Issue on Multimedia, vol. 9, 1998(5): 127-234
[26] K. Sriram. Performance of MAC protocols for Broadband HFC and Wireless Networks. Advances in Performance Analysis, vol. 1, no. 1, 1998(3): 1-37
[27] Mike StJohns. Radio Frequency(RF) Interface Management Information Base for MCNS/DOCSIS complitiant RF interfaces, (INTERNET-DRAFT, draft-ietf-ipcdn-rf-interface-mib-07.txt). 1999: 3-137
[28] Michael StJohns. Cable Device Management Information Base for DOCSIS compliant Cable Modems and Cable Modem Termination Systems. (INTERNET-DRAFT, draft-ietf-ipcdn-cable-device-mib-08.txt). 1999: 3-242
[29] S. Adiraju, J. Fijolek. Telephony-Return Interface(TRI) Management Information Base for DOCSIS-compliant Telephony-Return Cable Modems and Cable Modem Termination Systems.
(INTERNET-DRAFT, draft-ietf-ipcdn-tri-mib-01.txt), 1999: 4-174
[30] M. Patrick, John Harvey. Data Over Cable System Quality of Service Management Information Base. (INTERNET-DRAFT, draft-ietf-ipcdn-qos-mib-01.txt), 1999: 5-173
[31] N. Golmie, S. Masson, G. Pieris, D. Su. A MAC protocols for HFC networks: Design issues and performance evaluation. Computer Commun., vol. 20, 1997(10): 1042-1050
[32] B. Doshi, S. Dravida, P. Magill, C. Siller, K. Sriram. A Broadband Multiple Access Protocol for STM, ATM, and Variable Length Data Services on Hybrid Fiver-Coax Networks. Bell Labs Technical J. (BLTJ), vol. 1, no. 1, 1996(7): 36-65
[33] John W. Eng, James F. Mollenauer. IEEE Project 802.14: Standards for Digital Convergence. IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 33, no. 5, 1995(5): 20-23
[34] Chatschik Bisdikian, Kiyoshi Maruyama, David I. Seidman, Dimitrios N. Serpanos. Cable Access Beyond the Hype: On Residential Broadband Data Service over HFC Networks. IEEE Commun. Mag., 1996(11): 128-135
[35] D. Heyman, A. Tabatabai, T. V. Lakshman. Statistical analysis and simulation study of video teleconferencing traffic in ATM networks. Proc. of IEEE Globecom'91, 1991(11): 21-27
[36] Walter Ciciora, James Farmer, David Large. Modern Cable Television Technology. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, ISBN 1-55860-416-2, 1999: 178-312
[37] G. Fayolle, P. Flajolet, M. Hofri, P. Jacquet. Analysis of a stack algorithm for random multiple-access communication. IEEE Trans. on Information Theory IT-21(2), 1985(2): 244-254
[38] L. A. Goldberg, P. MacKenzie. Analysis of Practical Backoff Protocols for Contention Resolution with Multiple Servers. Journal of Computer and System Sciences 58, 1999(8): 232--258
[39] D. J. Goodman. Cellular Packet Communications. IEEE Trans. on Commun., vol. 38, no. 8, 1990(8): 1272-1280
[40] William Pugh, Gerald Boyer. Broadband Access: Comparing Alternatives. IEEE Commun. Mag., 1995(8): 34-46
[41] K. Sriram, W. Whitt. Characterizing superposition arrival processes in packet multiplexers for voice and data. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Commun., vol. SAC-4, no. 6, 1986(11): 833-846
[42] DOCSIS. Data Over Cable System Quality of Service Management Information Base (DOCSIS-QOS M1B)＜draft-ietf-ipcdn-qos-mib-01. txt＞. 1999: 3-117
[43] V. R. Karanam, K. Sriram, D. O. Bowker. Performance Evaluation of Variable Bit Rate Voice in Packet Networks. AT&T Technical Journal, 1988(9/10): 41-56..
[44] J. P. Cosmas et al. A Review of Voice, Data, and Video Traffic Models for ATM. European
Transactions on Telecommunications and Related Technologies, vol. 5, no.2, 1994(3/4): 139-154.
[45] DOCSIS. Baseline Privacy Plus Interface Specification SP-BPI+-103-991105(SP-BPI+). 1999: 3-181
[46] FIPS-46-1. Federal Information Processing Standard Publication(FIPS PUB) 46-1. Data Encryption Standard, 1988: 5-78
[47] FIPS-46-3. Federal Information Processing Standard Publication(FIPS PUB) 46-3. Data Encryption Standard, 1999: 3-97
[48] FIPS Pub 81. DES Modes of Operation. 1996: 5-124
[49] ANSI X9.52. Triple Data Encryption Algorithm Modes of Operation, 1998: 3-132
[50] RFC1750. Randomness Recommendations for Security. 1994: 5-67
[51] FIPS-180-1. Federal Information Processing Standard Publication(FIPS PUB) 180-1. Data Encryption Standard, 1995: 4-156
[52] RSA Laboratories. PKCS#1 v2.0: RSA Cryptography Standard. 1999: 4-161
[53] ITU-T Recommendation X.509. Information Technology-Open Systems Interconnection - The Directory: Authentication Framework. 1977: 5-217
[54] Bihem E, Shanir. A Differential cryptanalysis of DES-like cryptosyaterns. Journal of Cryptology, 1991(1): 3-72
[55] Kaliski B SJr, Yin Y L. On the Security of the RC5 Encryption Algorithm. RSA Laboratories Technical Report TR-602. V 1.0, 1998(11): 1-31
[56] LeifA. Ims, Dagfinn Myhrem, Borgar T. Olsen. Economics of Residential Broadband Access Network Technology and Strategies. IEEE Network, 1997(1/2): 51-57.
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