河北平原区无公害果品基地环境质量分析与评价
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摘要
本研究对河北平原区47个无公害水果产地的大气、灌溉水和土壤环境质量进行了实地调查,进行了样品采集和污染物的检测,并采用相关标准对监测数据进行了客观的分析,再利用Microsoft Excel软件及SPSS软件进行被测污染因子间的Pearson相关分析,探讨研究区无公害水果产地大气、灌溉水和土壤环境中被测因子间的相互关系以便进一步探求其污染途径。依据相关规定建立了河北平原区无公害水果产地环境质量评价体系,采用污染指数评价法对研究区无公害水果产地进行了环境质量评价。结果表明:
(1)研究区无公害水果产地环境质量总体状况良好,达到《无公害水果产地环境质量现状评价纲要》中规定的“安全”等级,处于“清洁”和“尚清洁”水平,符合目前国家所规定的无公害水果产地环境质量的要求,具备生产无公害果产品的环境条件。
(2)研究区大气样品中的单项因子污染程度依次为:总悬浮颗粒物>铅>氮氧化物>氟化物>二氧化硫;灌溉水样品中的单项因子污染程度依次为:氟化物>氯化物>石油类物质>氰化物;土壤样品中的单因子污染程度依次为:总镉>总砷>总铬>总汞>总铅>滴滴涕>六六六。研究区中迁西县大气受总悬浮颗粒物污染;盐山县和献县灌溉水受氟化物污染;香河县、文安县和广阳区的土壤受到不同程度的重金属总镉污染,应及时开展治理工作。唐县和无极县大气样品中的氮氧化物,馆陶县土壤样品中的总镉接近污染值,应加大防污力度,防患于未然。
(3)研究区大气质量综合评价指数分布在0.063～0.875之间,灌溉水质量综合评价指数分布在0.072～0.915之间,土壤质量综合评价指数分布在0.125～0.998之间,等级范围在Ⅰ级(清洁水平)～Ⅱ级(尚清洁水平)之间。有39个县占总样本数84.8%的地区大气质量综合评价为I级清洁水平,有45个县占总样本数95.7%的地区灌溉水质量综合评价为I级清洁水平,有44个县占总样本数93.6%的地区土壤质量综合评价为I级清洁水平;有7个县大气质量综合评价为Ⅱ级尚清洁水平,2个县的灌溉水质量属于Ⅱ级尚清洁水平,3个县的土壤样品质量属于Ⅱ级尚清洁水平。大气质量综合评价好的有宁晋县、安次县和永清县;灌溉水质量综合评价好的有唐县、茂丰县、易县、迁西县、行唐县、磁县、临城县、邢台县、遵化县、涉县、成安县和内丘县12个县;土壤质量综合评价最好的是安次县。大气质量综合评价最差的是迁西县;灌溉水质量综合评价差的是盐山县和献县;土壤质量综合评价最差的是香河县。
本文旨在通过调查分析河北平原区无公害水果产地大气、灌溉水及土壤环境质量现状,对研究区无公害水果产地环境质量加以评价,为该区的无公害果品生产提供科学依据。
The paper maked field survey for atmospheric、irrigation water and soil environmental quality of forty-seven no-pollution fruits producing area in Hebei plain, and maked sample collection and pollution detection, analyzed objectively monitoring data by relevant standards, maked Pearson relevant analyze for pollution factors by Microsoft Excel and SPSS software, and established evaluation system of environmental quality of no-pollution fruits producing area in Hebei plain, evaluated the environmental quality of no-pollution fruits producing area by pollution index evaluation method. The results showed that:
(1) The general status of environment quality for no-pollution fruits producing area was good, to be the relevant regulations in the“safe”rank, belonged to“clear”and“still clear”level, accorded with the quality standard which the national relevant stipulations about no-pollution fruits producing area, had environment conditions produced no-pollution fruits.
(2) The order for individual pollution factor of atmospheric: total suspended particles>Lead >Nitrogen Oxides>fluoride>sulfur dioxide; The order for individual pollution factor of irrigation water: fluoride>chloride>oil substances>cyanide; The order for individual pollution factor of soil: total cadmium>total arsenic>total chromium>total mercury>total lead>DDT> 666.The atmospheric of Qianxi County was polluted by total suspended particles; The irrigation water of Yanshan county and Xianxian county were polluted by fluoride; The soil of Xianghe county、Wenan county and Guangyang area were polluted by total cadmium, must adopt corresponding measures to treatment. Nitrogen Oxides of the atmospheric samples for Tangxian county and Wuji county, total cadmium of the soil samples for Guantao county ,which closed to pollution values. and strengthening measures Should be taken to prevent.
(3) The comprehensive evaluation index of air quality in study area mainly distributed in 0.063 ~ 0.875, the comprehensive evaluation index of irrigation water quality in study area mainly distributed in 0.072 ~ 0.915, the comprehensive evaluation index of soil quality in study area mainly distributed in 0.125 ~ 0.998, the grade range distributed in first-degree level (clean) ~ second-degree level (still clean).
The comprehensive evaluation of atmosphere quality for 39 counties occupy the total sample number 84.8% area was first-degree clean level, the comprehensive evaluation of irrigation water quality for 45 counties occupy the total sample number 95.7% area was first-degree clean level, the comprehensive evaluation of soil quality for 44 counties occupy the total sample number 93.6% area was first-degree clean level, the comprehensive evaluation of atmosphere quality for 7 counties was second-degree still clean level, the comprehensive evaluation of irrigation water quality for 2 counties was second-degree still clean level, the comprehensive evaluation of soil quality for 3 counties was second-degree still clean level. the places that the comprehensive evaluation of atmosphere quality was good included Ningjin county、Anci county and Yongqing County; the places that the comprehensive evaluation of irrigation water quality was good included Tang County, Maofeng County, Yi County, Qianxi County, Xingtang County, Ci County, Lincheng County, Xingtai County, Zunhua County, She County, Chengan County and Neiqiu County 12 counties; the places that the comprehensive evaluation of soil quality was good included Anci county. the places that the comprehensive evaluation of atmosphere quality was worst included Qianxi county, the places that the comprehensive evaluation of irrigation water quality was worst included Yanshan County and Xian County, the places that the comprehensive evaluation of soil quality was worst included Xianghe county.
Through investigation and analysis, the atmospheric, irrigation water and soil environmental quality were evaluated in the Nuisance Free Fruits Production of the Hebei Plain area. The evaluation result will provide a scientific basis for the study area.
(1)研究区无公害水果产地环境质量总体状况良好,达到《无公害水果产地环境质量现状评价纲要》中规定的“安全”等级,处于“清洁”和“尚清洁”水平,符合目前国家所规定的无公害水果产地环境质量的要求,具备生产无公害果产品的环境条件。
(2)研究区大气样品中的单项因子污染程度依次为:总悬浮颗粒物>铅>氮氧化物>氟化物>二氧化硫;灌溉水样品中的单项因子污染程度依次为:氟化物>氯化物>石油类物质>氰化物;土壤样品中的单因子污染程度依次为:总镉>总砷>总铬>总汞>总铅>滴滴涕>六六六。研究区中迁西县大气受总悬浮颗粒物污染;盐山县和献县灌溉水受氟化物污染;香河县、文安县和广阳区的土壤受到不同程度的重金属总镉污染,应及时开展治理工作。唐县和无极县大气样品中的氮氧化物,馆陶县土壤样品中的总镉接近污染值,应加大防污力度,防患于未然。
(3)研究区大气质量综合评价指数分布在0.063～0.875之间,灌溉水质量综合评价指数分布在0.072～0.915之间,土壤质量综合评价指数分布在0.125～0.998之间,等级范围在Ⅰ级(清洁水平)～Ⅱ级(尚清洁水平)之间。有39个县占总样本数84.8%的地区大气质量综合评价为I级清洁水平,有45个县占总样本数95.7%的地区灌溉水质量综合评价为I级清洁水平,有44个县占总样本数93.6%的地区土壤质量综合评价为I级清洁水平;有7个县大气质量综合评价为Ⅱ级尚清洁水平,2个县的灌溉水质量属于Ⅱ级尚清洁水平,3个县的土壤样品质量属于Ⅱ级尚清洁水平。大气质量综合评价好的有宁晋县、安次县和永清县;灌溉水质量综合评价好的有唐县、茂丰县、易县、迁西县、行唐县、磁县、临城县、邢台县、遵化县、涉县、成安县和内丘县12个县;土壤质量综合评价最好的是安次县。大气质量综合评价最差的是迁西县;灌溉水质量综合评价差的是盐山县和献县;土壤质量综合评价最差的是香河县。
本文旨在通过调查分析河北平原区无公害水果产地大气、灌溉水及土壤环境质量现状,对研究区无公害水果产地环境质量加以评价,为该区的无公害果品生产提供科学依据。
The paper maked field survey for atmospheric、irrigation water and soil environmental quality of forty-seven no-pollution fruits producing area in Hebei plain, and maked sample collection and pollution detection, analyzed objectively monitoring data by relevant standards, maked Pearson relevant analyze for pollution factors by Microsoft Excel and SPSS software, and established evaluation system of environmental quality of no-pollution fruits producing area in Hebei plain, evaluated the environmental quality of no-pollution fruits producing area by pollution index evaluation method. The results showed that:
(1) The general status of environment quality for no-pollution fruits producing area was good, to be the relevant regulations in the“safe”rank, belonged to“clear”and“still clear”level, accorded with the quality standard which the national relevant stipulations about no-pollution fruits producing area, had environment conditions produced no-pollution fruits.
(2) The order for individual pollution factor of atmospheric: total suspended particles>Lead >Nitrogen Oxides>fluoride>sulfur dioxide; The order for individual pollution factor of irrigation water: fluoride>chloride>oil substances>cyanide; The order for individual pollution factor of soil: total cadmium>total arsenic>total chromium>total mercury>total lead>DDT> 666.The atmospheric of Qianxi County was polluted by total suspended particles; The irrigation water of Yanshan county and Xianxian county were polluted by fluoride; The soil of Xianghe county、Wenan county and Guangyang area were polluted by total cadmium, must adopt corresponding measures to treatment. Nitrogen Oxides of the atmospheric samples for Tangxian county and Wuji county, total cadmium of the soil samples for Guantao county ,which closed to pollution values. and strengthening measures Should be taken to prevent.
(3) The comprehensive evaluation index of air quality in study area mainly distributed in 0.063 ~ 0.875, the comprehensive evaluation index of irrigation water quality in study area mainly distributed in 0.072 ~ 0.915, the comprehensive evaluation index of soil quality in study area mainly distributed in 0.125 ~ 0.998, the grade range distributed in first-degree level (clean) ~ second-degree level (still clean).
The comprehensive evaluation of atmosphere quality for 39 counties occupy the total sample number 84.8% area was first-degree clean level, the comprehensive evaluation of irrigation water quality for 45 counties occupy the total sample number 95.7% area was first-degree clean level, the comprehensive evaluation of soil quality for 44 counties occupy the total sample number 93.6% area was first-degree clean level, the comprehensive evaluation of atmosphere quality for 7 counties was second-degree still clean level, the comprehensive evaluation of irrigation water quality for 2 counties was second-degree still clean level, the comprehensive evaluation of soil quality for 3 counties was second-degree still clean level. the places that the comprehensive evaluation of atmosphere quality was good included Ningjin county、Anci county and Yongqing County; the places that the comprehensive evaluation of irrigation water quality was good included Tang County, Maofeng County, Yi County, Qianxi County, Xingtang County, Ci County, Lincheng County, Xingtai County, Zunhua County, She County, Chengan County and Neiqiu County 12 counties; the places that the comprehensive evaluation of soil quality was good included Anci county. the places that the comprehensive evaluation of atmosphere quality was worst included Qianxi county, the places that the comprehensive evaluation of irrigation water quality was worst included Yanshan County and Xian County, the places that the comprehensive evaluation of soil quality was worst included Xianghe county.
Through investigation and analysis, the atmospheric, irrigation water and soil environmental quality were evaluated in the Nuisance Free Fruits Production of the Hebei Plain area. The evaluation result will provide a scientific basis for the study area.
引文
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