高校网络远程教育质量保证体系的探索
|
摘要
本论文是在高校网络教育学院快速启动和发展的情况下选题的。自1999年以来，全国已有67所网络教育学院，招生人数达80万人。这对于常规教育是不可思议的事却被远程教育办成了。然而在扩大入学规模、提供更多受教育机会的同时，网院在实际运作中也出现了不少问题。于是如何保证质量的问题被提到日程上来。由于没有成功经验可循，因此需要边实践边研究，在实践中探讨如何保证高校网络远程教育质量。
整个论文是在管理学思想和远程教育理论的指导下完成的，分别从内部质量保证体系和外部质量保证体系两个方面来探讨质量保证体系如何建立的问题。论文由以下五部分构成：
首先是绪论，阐述了选题的背景和研究思路。一方面由于远程教育能够扩大教育规模并在实现高等教育大众化的过程中具有不可替代的优势，国家提倡在高校建立网络教育学院；另一方面由于教育国际化的影响，许多海外大学纷纷在中国设立虚拟大学，高校网院同时面临来自国内外严峻的挑战。在这种情况下，网院唯有提高质量才能取胜。
第一章是基本概念辨析。首先澄清了当前使用比较混乱的几个术语：远程教育、e-Learning(电子化学习)、在线教育(online education或web-basededucation)以及网络远程教育。并提出用“网络远程教育”来表示当今高校网络教育学院的工作实质是恰当的，并在全文使用该术语。
第二章是调研分析。选取兰州大学网络教育学院做了调研分析，为后面的理论探讨做了铺垫。
第三章是对内部质量保证体系的探讨。先分析了远程教育系统中以学习者为中心的六个要素：web教师，学习集体、课程资源、网络远程教育组织、地区教学中心和社会环境。然后分别从纵向和横向分析了系统运行机制，特别是在横向方面，把系统活动分成互为表里的两大模块：师生教学交互活动和学习支持服务体系。最后从管理活动保障入手，重点论述了与当前网络远程教育质量提高密切相关的四个方面：管理理念、技术模式和课程建设、web教师和教学点建设。
第四章是对外部质量保证体系的探讨。作者先概述了国内外高等教育领域和远程教育领域进行质量认证的情况，然后从评估标准和认证机构这两个方面探讨了高校网络远程教育外部质量保证体系的构建。
总的来说，全文是本着先从实践中发现主要问题，然后构建理论框架的思路进行研究的，理论探讨与调研分析相得益彰。
The theme of this thesis has been selected under the background that pilot Web-based Education Colleges(WEC for short) in national universities have been started up and developed rapidly since 1999.So far sixty-seven WECs have been upbuilt and the enrolment of learners has reached 800 thousand which is unimaginable for conventional education. Whereas these colleges have increased the enrolment scale and afforded more educational opportunities,the problem of quality assurance has consequently been listed in the agenda for immediate solutions.Since there're no research fruits available,we should make in-depth studies in the course of practice and construct the quality assurance system(QAS for short) for WEC.
This study is guided by both managerial science and distance education theory.On the whole.the author explores the QAS from two aspects:internal QAS and external QAS.This paper is composed of five parts as following.
At first.the author introduces the background of the theme selection and her research plan.Considering that distance education has an irreplaceable function of broadening educational access during the process of popularization of higher education,the Chinese government advocates to establish WECs in national universities.Meanwhile,many overseas universities have also been setting up their own virtual colleges in China one after another as the result of education internationalization.Hence WECs are confronted with such many challenges from home and abroad that only by providing service of high quality can they get victory.
The first chapter discusses several basic technical terms like distance education,e-Learning,online/web-based education and web-based distance education . Since Web-based Distance Education is more suitable for representing the essential work of WECs ,the author determines to use it through the thesis.
The second chapter illustrates how the investigation and research has been made in WEC of Lanzhou University in order to find out major problems about the service quality.
The third chapter centers on the internal QAS.Firstly.the author analyzes the six systematic elements related to learns' study such as web teachers,study collective.curriculum resources, web-based distance education organization, local
teaching centers and social circumstances.Secondly.the operative mechanism of the system is analyzed from both longitudinal and horizontal aspects.Particularly from horizontal aspect does the author divide the systematic activities into two modules interaction among learners & web teachers and learning supportive service.Lastly,four major aspects.which are managerial philosophies,technological mode &curriculum resources.web teachers and construction of local teaching centers,have been dealt with to improve the present quality situation of WECs.
The fourth chapter explores the external QAS for WECs in universities.The present situation of QAS has first been surveyed.Based on that,some suggestions and ideas concerning the formulation of evaluation standards and establishment of certification organizations are put forward.
In conclusion,the whole study follows such steps:first conducts investigation and research-in practice ,and then constructs theoretical framework.Both theoretical exploration and investigation complement each other.
整个论文是在管理学思想和远程教育理论的指导下完成的，分别从内部质量保证体系和外部质量保证体系两个方面来探讨质量保证体系如何建立的问题。论文由以下五部分构成：
首先是绪论，阐述了选题的背景和研究思路。一方面由于远程教育能够扩大教育规模并在实现高等教育大众化的过程中具有不可替代的优势，国家提倡在高校建立网络教育学院；另一方面由于教育国际化的影响，许多海外大学纷纷在中国设立虚拟大学，高校网院同时面临来自国内外严峻的挑战。在这种情况下，网院唯有提高质量才能取胜。
第一章是基本概念辨析。首先澄清了当前使用比较混乱的几个术语：远程教育、e-Learning(电子化学习)、在线教育(online education或web-basededucation)以及网络远程教育。并提出用“网络远程教育”来表示当今高校网络教育学院的工作实质是恰当的，并在全文使用该术语。
第二章是调研分析。选取兰州大学网络教育学院做了调研分析，为后面的理论探讨做了铺垫。
第三章是对内部质量保证体系的探讨。先分析了远程教育系统中以学习者为中心的六个要素：web教师，学习集体、课程资源、网络远程教育组织、地区教学中心和社会环境。然后分别从纵向和横向分析了系统运行机制，特别是在横向方面，把系统活动分成互为表里的两大模块：师生教学交互活动和学习支持服务体系。最后从管理活动保障入手，重点论述了与当前网络远程教育质量提高密切相关的四个方面：管理理念、技术模式和课程建设、web教师和教学点建设。
第四章是对外部质量保证体系的探讨。作者先概述了国内外高等教育领域和远程教育领域进行质量认证的情况，然后从评估标准和认证机构这两个方面探讨了高校网络远程教育外部质量保证体系的构建。
总的来说，全文是本着先从实践中发现主要问题，然后构建理论框架的思路进行研究的，理论探讨与调研分析相得益彰。
The theme of this thesis has been selected under the background that pilot Web-based Education Colleges(WEC for short) in national universities have been started up and developed rapidly since 1999.So far sixty-seven WECs have been upbuilt and the enrolment of learners has reached 800 thousand which is unimaginable for conventional education. Whereas these colleges have increased the enrolment scale and afforded more educational opportunities,the problem of quality assurance has consequently been listed in the agenda for immediate solutions.Since there're no research fruits available,we should make in-depth studies in the course of practice and construct the quality assurance system(QAS for short) for WEC.
This study is guided by both managerial science and distance education theory.On the whole.the author explores the QAS from two aspects:internal QAS and external QAS.This paper is composed of five parts as following.
At first.the author introduces the background of the theme selection and her research plan.Considering that distance education has an irreplaceable function of broadening educational access during the process of popularization of higher education,the Chinese government advocates to establish WECs in national universities.Meanwhile,many overseas universities have also been setting up their own virtual colleges in China one after another as the result of education internationalization.Hence WECs are confronted with such many challenges from home and abroad that only by providing service of high quality can they get victory.
The first chapter discusses several basic technical terms like distance education,e-Learning,online/web-based education and web-based distance education . Since Web-based Distance Education is more suitable for representing the essential work of WECs ,the author determines to use it through the thesis.
The second chapter illustrates how the investigation and research has been made in WEC of Lanzhou University in order to find out major problems about the service quality.
The third chapter centers on the internal QAS.Firstly.the author analyzes the six systematic elements related to learns' study such as web teachers,study collective.curriculum resources, web-based distance education organization, local
teaching centers and social circumstances.Secondly.the operative mechanism of the system is analyzed from both longitudinal and horizontal aspects.Particularly from horizontal aspect does the author divide the systematic activities into two modules interaction among learners & web teachers and learning supportive service.Lastly,four major aspects.which are managerial philosophies,technological mode &curriculum resources.web teachers and construction of local teaching centers,have been dealt with to improve the present quality situation of WECs.
The fourth chapter explores the external QAS for WECs in universities.The present situation of QAS has first been surveyed.Based on that,some suggestions and ideas concerning the formulation of evaluation standards and establishment of certification organizations are put forward.
In conclusion,the whole study follows such steps:first conducts investigation and research-in practice ,and then constructs theoretical framework.Both theoretical exploration and investigation complement each other.
引文
[1]蒋鸿章著．2000版ISO9000族质量管理体系国际标准应用指南[M]．北京：国防工业出版社．2001．
[2]岳志坚主编．中国质量管理[M]．北京：中国财政经济出版社．1989．
[3]德斯蒙德．基更著，丁新等译．远距离教育基础[M]．北京：中央广播电视大学出版社．1996．
[4]德斯蒙德．基更编，丁新等译．远距离教育理论原理[M]．北京：中央广播电视大学出版社．1999．
[5]詹姆斯．斯通那，爱德华．弗雷曼，丹尼尔．小吉尔伯特著，刘学等译．管理学教程[M]．北京：华夏出版社．2001．
[6]安心著．高等教育质量保证体系研究[M]．兰州：甘肃教育出版社．1999．
[7]钟启泉，李其龙主编．教育科学新进展[M]．西安：陕西人民教育出版社．1993．
[8]韩福荣编．现代企业管理教程[M]．北京：北京工业大学出版社．1998．
[9]比尔．盖茨，沃伦．巴菲特，杰克．韦尔奇等著．巨人的智慧(上)[M]．成都：四川人民出版社．2000．
[10]教育部现代远程教育资源建设委员会．现代远程教育资源建设指南(送审稿)，1999．11．
[11]夏巍峰等．加强管理 提高质量．中国远程教育[J]．2002(5)．
[12]许建领．论大众化阶段高等教育质量保证体系的指向与建构．高教探索[J]．2001(4)．
[13]罗洪兰，邓幸涛，杨亭亭．中国电大远程教育质量保证体系及标准初探．中国远程教育．[J]．2001(11，12)．
[14][比利时]旺达姆，戴庆洲译．全球化时代的高等教育——为相互承认、质量保证和认证进行结构新调整的需要．全球教育展望[J]．2002(1)．
[15]王正东．基于TQM的开放教育质量保证体系．广播电视大学学报[J]．2001(4)．
[16][英]John Daniel．开放大学在新世纪面临的挑战，中国远程教育[J]．2001(1)．
[17]教育部．关于高校开展网络教育学院的意见．2000．
[18]南国农．信息技术教育与创新人才培养(上)．电化教育研究．2001(8)．
[19]单从凯．现代网络教育中的竞争走势．开放教育研究[J]．2001(2)．
[20]王一兵．高等教育质量保证机制：国外趋势和中国面临的战略选择．高等教育研究[J]．2002(1)．
[21]刘忠学．英国高等教育质量保证体系的发展及现状分析．比较教育研究[J]．2002(2)．
[22]刘德亮．黎加厚博士谈教育信息化．中国电化教育[J]．2002(1)．
[23]唐大勇．ISP：现代管理新理念．管理科学[J]．2002(3)．
[24]李晓华．侯建军博士谈稳健发展中的北京大学远程教育．中国电化教育[J]．2002(4)．
[25]丁兴富．远程教育的微观理论．中国远程教育[J]．2001(2)．
[26]朱雪文．美国远程高等教育发展的基本态势分析．中国远程教育[J]．2002(3)．
[27]张娟娟．欧洲高等教育国际化改革的新趋向．比较教育研究[J]．2002(2)．
[28]1990年代管理思潮名词解释．管理杂志(台北)[J]．2001(1)．
[29]计算机周刊[N]，第45期．2001．11．5．
[30]教育部教高厅．关于支持若干所高等学校建设网络教育学院开展现代远程教育试点工作的几点意见．2000年第10号．
[31]中国教育报[N]．2001．4．3．
[32]张秀梅，杨改学．网络教育应在虚拟教学与真实交往之间平衡发展．中国电化教育[J]．2001．9．
[33]张秀梅，杨改学．技术、教育技术与远程教育．中国远程教育[J]．2001．4．
[34]张秀梅．对远程教育若干问题的思考．现代远距离教育[J]．2000．4．
[35]张秀梅，杨改学．中国远程教育——一种现代性的教育．开放教育研究[J]．2001．2．
[2]岳志坚主编．中国质量管理[M]．北京：中国财政经济出版社．1989．
[3]德斯蒙德．基更著，丁新等译．远距离教育基础[M]．北京：中央广播电视大学出版社．1996．
[4]德斯蒙德．基更编，丁新等译．远距离教育理论原理[M]．北京：中央广播电视大学出版社．1999．
[5]詹姆斯．斯通那，爱德华．弗雷曼，丹尼尔．小吉尔伯特著，刘学等译．管理学教程[M]．北京：华夏出版社．2001．
[6]安心著．高等教育质量保证体系研究[M]．兰州：甘肃教育出版社．1999．
[7]钟启泉，李其龙主编．教育科学新进展[M]．西安：陕西人民教育出版社．1993．
[8]韩福荣编．现代企业管理教程[M]．北京：北京工业大学出版社．1998．
[9]比尔．盖茨，沃伦．巴菲特，杰克．韦尔奇等著．巨人的智慧(上)[M]．成都：四川人民出版社．2000．
[10]教育部现代远程教育资源建设委员会．现代远程教育资源建设指南(送审稿)，1999．11．
[11]夏巍峰等．加强管理 提高质量．中国远程教育[J]．2002(5)．
[12]许建领．论大众化阶段高等教育质量保证体系的指向与建构．高教探索[J]．2001(4)．
[13]罗洪兰，邓幸涛，杨亭亭．中国电大远程教育质量保证体系及标准初探．中国远程教育．[J]．2001(11，12)．
[14][比利时]旺达姆，戴庆洲译．全球化时代的高等教育——为相互承认、质量保证和认证进行结构新调整的需要．全球教育展望[J]．2002(1)．
[15]王正东．基于TQM的开放教育质量保证体系．广播电视大学学报[J]．2001(4)．
[16][英]John Daniel．开放大学在新世纪面临的挑战，中国远程教育[J]．2001(1)．
[17]教育部．关于高校开展网络教育学院的意见．2000．
[18]南国农．信息技术教育与创新人才培养(上)．电化教育研究．2001(8)．
[19]单从凯．现代网络教育中的竞争走势．开放教育研究[J]．2001(2)．
[20]王一兵．高等教育质量保证机制：国外趋势和中国面临的战略选择．高等教育研究[J]．2002(1)．
[21]刘忠学．英国高等教育质量保证体系的发展及现状分析．比较教育研究[J]．2002(2)．
[22]刘德亮．黎加厚博士谈教育信息化．中国电化教育[J]．2002(1)．
[23]唐大勇．ISP：现代管理新理念．管理科学[J]．2002(3)．
[24]李晓华．侯建军博士谈稳健发展中的北京大学远程教育．中国电化教育[J]．2002(4)．
[25]丁兴富．远程教育的微观理论．中国远程教育[J]．2001(2)．
[26]朱雪文．美国远程高等教育发展的基本态势分析．中国远程教育[J]．2002(3)．
[27]张娟娟．欧洲高等教育国际化改革的新趋向．比较教育研究[J]．2002(2)．
[28]1990年代管理思潮名词解释．管理杂志(台北)[J]．2001(1)．
[29]计算机周刊[N]，第45期．2001．11．5．
[30]教育部教高厅．关于支持若干所高等学校建设网络教育学院开展现代远程教育试点工作的几点意见．2000年第10号．
[31]中国教育报[N]．2001．4．3．
[32]张秀梅，杨改学．网络教育应在虚拟教学与真实交往之间平衡发展．中国电化教育[J]．2001．9．
[33]张秀梅，杨改学．技术、教育技术与远程教育．中国远程教育[J]．2001．4．
[34]张秀梅．对远程教育若干问题的思考．现代远距离教育[J]．2000．4．
[35]张秀梅，杨改学．中国远程教育——一种现代性的教育．开放教育研究[J]．2001．2．