东北两种早春植物种群格局多种测度的比较与分析
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摘要
该论文基于老山样地调查数据,研究地位于东北林业大学帽儿山实验林场老山人工林实验站。以东北老山地区两种早春植物林金腰子(Chrysosplenium lectus-cochleaeKitag)和侧金盏花(Adonis amurensis Regel et Radde)为研究对象,通过最新的透视采点法和传统的测量方法相结合采集数据,应用工程扫描仪扫描透视采点法取得的数据图纸,并用“3S”技术处理扫描后的图象及数据。最后分别利用均匀度法、样方法、最近邻体法计算并测度了老山地区所选两种早春植物的种群空间分布格局类型,并用传统测度植物种群空间分布格局的方法进行检验。
结果表明:东北老山地区林金腰子的种群格局类型大部分属于集聚格局,只有少部分样方分布属于随机格局和均匀格局。从整个所取的5块样地乃至老山地区林金腰子种群总的格局类型来看,林金腰子更加的符合集聚格局的种群空间分布格局类型;东北老山地区侧金盏花种群格局类型较复杂三种类型均有出现,以集聚格局和随机格局为主,只有极少部分样方的种群呈现均匀格局。在较大尺度范围内,侧金盏植物的种群空间分布格局类型仍属于集聚格局。
自然生长的植物种群,在大尺度上种群格局往往都是集聚分布。经统计分析结果表明,老山地区早春植物的种群分布聚集的原因是由包括营养物质分布、空间异质性等环境因素所致。种群聚集度指数与环境因子密切相关,如与透光度相关,与土壤pH值大小成负相关,与土壤通气度大小及土壤容量成正相关。
本文不但从种群分布格局类型的角度比较分析了老山地区早春植物的生态学特性,而且在测算种群空间格局中应用了透视采点法、均匀度指数等这些新方法,为测算种群空间格局的发展拓宽了道路。
此外,本文还比较分析了均匀度法、样方法、最近邻体法在种群空间格局分布类型上计算和测量各自的特点,并用具体的样方数据加以说明。
This paper based on Laoshan sampling survey data,and the research located in the Northeast Forestry University Maoershan Experimental Forest Farm Laoshan Plantation Experiment Station.The Chrysosplenium lectus-cochleae Kitag and Adonis amurensis are the reserch objects,which are Early-spring Herbs and are to the northeast Laoshan.The data was collected by the latest perspective mining method and the traditional measuring method,it applied engineering perspective sampling method to get the data drawings,and use the "3S" technical to treat with the scanned images and data.Finally,the plant population spatial distribution pattern type of the two Early-spring Herbs was calculated and measured by the methods like quadrat method and nearest neighborhood method,in addition,this paper used the traditional method to mesure the spatial pattern of plant populations.
The results show that:the majority of the Northeast Laoshan Lin Chin-Baijiyaozi population are concentrated pattern type pattern,only a small portion of the sample is random distribution pattern and uniform pattern.From the entire five admitted to the plot and even Laoshan Lin Chin-Baijiyaozi total population pattern type,Chrysosplenium lectus-cochleae Kitag gather more consistent with the pattern of population distribution pattern type;Adonis amurensis Regel et Radde in Northeast Laoshan has more complex types of pattern,and it has the three types of pattern,and most of them are random pattern,only a very small part of the sample population showed uniform pattern.In the larger scales,the spatial distribution pattern types of the Adonis amurensis Regel et Radde population are still clumped pattern.
The population patterns of natural plant populations are mainly clumped patterns.The statistical analysis showed that,the population patterns of early-spring herbs in Laoshan are clumped patterns,the reasons including distribution,spatial heterogeneity,and other environmental factors.The clumped patterns index is closely related to environmental factors. such as the transmittance,and it's negative correlation with soil pH,and it's positive correlation soil aeration of the soil capacity.spatial distribution pattern of population are closely related with the flowering ratio and its reproductive ecology
This paper not only from the population distribution pattern types comparative analysis of the angle of the Laoshan ecology of the early-spring herbs,and the perspective sampling method,uniformity index was applied in the measuring of the spatial pattern of population, which expand the road of the development in the its measuring method.
In addition,the paper also compared and analyzed the uniformity method,sampling methods,the nearest neighbor method,which are used in calculating and measuring of the spatial pattern of population,and the specific sample data are used to illustrate this.
结果表明:东北老山地区林金腰子的种群格局类型大部分属于集聚格局,只有少部分样方分布属于随机格局和均匀格局。从整个所取的5块样地乃至老山地区林金腰子种群总的格局类型来看,林金腰子更加的符合集聚格局的种群空间分布格局类型;东北老山地区侧金盏花种群格局类型较复杂三种类型均有出现,以集聚格局和随机格局为主,只有极少部分样方的种群呈现均匀格局。在较大尺度范围内,侧金盏植物的种群空间分布格局类型仍属于集聚格局。
自然生长的植物种群,在大尺度上种群格局往往都是集聚分布。经统计分析结果表明,老山地区早春植物的种群分布聚集的原因是由包括营养物质分布、空间异质性等环境因素所致。种群聚集度指数与环境因子密切相关,如与透光度相关,与土壤pH值大小成负相关,与土壤通气度大小及土壤容量成正相关。
本文不但从种群分布格局类型的角度比较分析了老山地区早春植物的生态学特性,而且在测算种群空间格局中应用了透视采点法、均匀度指数等这些新方法,为测算种群空间格局的发展拓宽了道路。
此外,本文还比较分析了均匀度法、样方法、最近邻体法在种群空间格局分布类型上计算和测量各自的特点,并用具体的样方数据加以说明。
This paper based on Laoshan sampling survey data,and the research located in the Northeast Forestry University Maoershan Experimental Forest Farm Laoshan Plantation Experiment Station.The Chrysosplenium lectus-cochleae Kitag and Adonis amurensis are the reserch objects,which are Early-spring Herbs and are to the northeast Laoshan.The data was collected by the latest perspective mining method and the traditional measuring method,it applied engineering perspective sampling method to get the data drawings,and use the "3S" technical to treat with the scanned images and data.Finally,the plant population spatial distribution pattern type of the two Early-spring Herbs was calculated and measured by the methods like quadrat method and nearest neighborhood method,in addition,this paper used the traditional method to mesure the spatial pattern of plant populations.
The results show that:the majority of the Northeast Laoshan Lin Chin-Baijiyaozi population are concentrated pattern type pattern,only a small portion of the sample is random distribution pattern and uniform pattern.From the entire five admitted to the plot and even Laoshan Lin Chin-Baijiyaozi total population pattern type,Chrysosplenium lectus-cochleae Kitag gather more consistent with the pattern of population distribution pattern type;Adonis amurensis Regel et Radde in Northeast Laoshan has more complex types of pattern,and it has the three types of pattern,and most of them are random pattern,only a very small part of the sample population showed uniform pattern.In the larger scales,the spatial distribution pattern types of the Adonis amurensis Regel et Radde population are still clumped pattern.
The population patterns of natural plant populations are mainly clumped patterns.The statistical analysis showed that,the population patterns of early-spring herbs in Laoshan are clumped patterns,the reasons including distribution,spatial heterogeneity,and other environmental factors.The clumped patterns index is closely related to environmental factors. such as the transmittance,and it's negative correlation with soil pH,and it's positive correlation soil aeration of the soil capacity.spatial distribution pattern of population are closely related with the flowering ratio and its reproductive ecology
This paper not only from the population distribution pattern types comparative analysis of the angle of the Laoshan ecology of the early-spring herbs,and the perspective sampling method,uniformity index was applied in the measuring of the spatial pattern of population, which expand the road of the development in the its measuring method.
In addition,the paper also compared and analyzed the uniformity method,sampling methods,the nearest neighbor method,which are used in calculating and measuring of the spatial pattern of population,and the specific sample data are used to illustrate this.
引文
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[5]李博,杨持,林鹏.生态学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:58-59
[6]李毅,栾文举.东祁连山高寒阴湿地区山生柳种群年龄结构和空间分布格局[D].甘肃农业大学博士论文.2001:11
[7]赵学农等.版纳青梅种群结构动态与分布格局[J].植物学报.1993,35(7):552-560
[8]李青丰,王建光,徐军.沙坡头铁路北侧人工植被区油蒿苗和小画眉草的分布格局[J].中国沙漠.2002,22(6):628-631
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[10]马玉心.兴安鹿踢草的传粉生态学研究[D].东北林业大学博士论文.2007:6
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[12]周纪纶,郑师章,杨持.植物种群生态学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1993:96-115
[13]于明坚等.浙江建的青冈种群结构的研究[J].东北林业大学学报.1998,26(5):10-15
[14]卜兆君,杨允菲.东北贫营养泥炭沼泽几种植物的种群生态学研究[D].东北师范大学博士论文.2004:1
[15]郝朝运.濒危植物七子花种群生态学和遗传多样性研究[D].浙江师范大学硕士论文.2005:5
[16]Kershaw K.A.Looney J.H.Quantitative and dynamic plant ecology(Third edition)[M].London.Edward Arnold,1985:50-127
[17]钟章成.植物种群的繁殖对策[J].生态学杂志.1995,14(1):37-42
[18]刘晓春.早春植物及其生态学特性初探[J].林业勘察设计.2003(01):28-29
[19]赵广斌,王铸辉.黑龙江省早春观赏植物资源及开发利用[J].中国林副特产.2006(04):82-83
[20]李海涛.植物种群分布格局研究概况[J].植物学通报.1995,12(2):19-25
[21]Greig-Smith.P.The use of random and contiguous quadrats in the study of the structure of plant communities[J].Ann.Bot.Lond,1952(16):293-316
[22]Lloyd M.Mean Crowding[J].J.Anim.Ecol.1967(36):1-30
[23]Moristita J.Measuring of the dispersion of individuals and analysis of the distributional patterns[M].Mem.Fao.Sci..Kyusha University Der.E.1959:380-385
[24]Moore P G Spacing in plant populations[J].Ecology.1954(35):222-227
[25]Hopkins B.J G Skellam.A new method for determining the type of distribution of tree individuals[J].Ann.Bot.Lond.N.S.1954(18):213-227
[26]Clark P J.Evans F C.Distance to nearest neighbour as a measure of spatial Relationships in populations[J].Ecology.1954(35):445-453
[27]Donnelly K P.Simulation to determine the variance and edge-effects of total nearest Neighbor distance.In:Hodder.I.R.(ed.).Simulation methods in archaeology[M].Cambridge University Press.London.United Kingdom.1978:91-95
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