贯叶金丝桃和腺点金丝桃的化学成分研究
|
摘要
新疆产贯叶金丝桃Hypericum perforatum L和腺点金丝桃Hypericum scabrum L.为藤黄科金丝桃属药用植物。金丝桃属植物因其具有独特的化学成分和多样的药理活性,所以一直是现代药物研究的热点。
为了从民间传统中草药的近源植物资源中寻找类型多样、结构新颖的代谢产物,为药理活性筛选提供丰富多样的植物代谢产物样品,通过随即筛选寻找强活性化合物,为化学合成和创新药物提供有价值的模板结构,同时,也为揭示传统和民间中草药的成分组成特点和和近源植物资源的利用提供科学基础,本学位论文分别对贯叶金丝桃和腺点金丝桃乙醇提取物的化学成分进行了系统的分离和结构鉴定,并通过与药理学人员的合作,对分离过程中得到的不同部位以及单体化合物的活性进行了初步药理活性筛选。
运用硅胶、大孔树脂、凝胶Sephadex LH-20、中压液相色谱及高效制备液相色谱等各种色谱分离手段,从贯叶金丝桃Hypericum perforatum L的乙醇提取物中,分离得到32个化合物,通过MS、UV、IR、1D NMR、2D NMR等波谱分析及化学方法,鉴定了它们的结构,发现新化合物2个(1*,2*),1‘为新的酚酸类化合物,化合物2‘为新的黄酮类化合物。这些化合物包括黄酮类化合物10个(2‘,14-18,20-21,27-28),口山酮类化合物2个(12,19),酚酸及其苷类化合物7个(1‘,5-7,10,25-26),萜类化合物5个(3-4,22-24),其他类型化合物4个(31-32,13,29)。化合物3,4,7,31均为首次从金丝桃属植物中分离得到,化合物5,6为首次从贯叶金丝桃植物中分离得到。在抗糖尿病(对蛋白质酪氨酸磷酸酶1B的抑制活性)的筛选中,化合物8在2μmol·L-1浓度时,对基因重组人PTP1B的抑制率为96.4%,IC50为2.5μM。5个化合物(1,3,4,9,16)可能具有较高的NE再摄取抑制活性。
针对金丝桃属植物中含有的特征性成分间苯三酚类化合物,同时对近源植物资源的利用的研究,我们另选择了我国特有植物新疆产腺点金丝桃进行研究,采用多种色谱学手段和波谱学技术从该植物乙醇提取物中的石油醚萃取部位分离39个化合物,鉴定了38个(1-38),发现新化合物20个(1*-20*),其中新化合物19个,新天然产物1个,间苯三酚类化合物34个,倍半萜类化合物2个,其它类3个。其中新化合物包括首次发现的降碳的含有缩酮单元的间苯三酚类化合物10*-13*,降碳的含有螺原子螺[4,5]的间苯三酚类化合物14*内酯型间苯三酚类化合物8*,9*,还有单一间苯三酚类化合物1*-6*,呋哺型衍生物15*-17*,吡喃型衍生物7‘,含有氧桥的衍生物19*,化合物18**为新天然产物,另外还有一个倍半萜新化合物20*。
运用CD光谱对间苯三酚类化合物的立体构型进行了初步探讨和确定。利用特征CD数据(尤其是p,丫-不饱和片段所产生的CD数据(300nm附近)),对含有类似结构单元化合物的构型确定提供了一种相对简便的方法。
在多种药理模型上对分离鉴定的部分单体化合物进行了活性筛选,在大鼠脑突触体[3H]-5-HT再摄取活性筛选实验中,有化合物33(34)的抑制率大于50%,提示上述化合物可能具有较高的5-HT再摄取抑制活性。在大鼠脑突触体[3H]-NE再摄取活性筛选实验中,腺点金丝桃各部位均具有显著的NE再摄取抑制活性。18个化合物(3*,5*,8*,9*,10*,11*,14*,18*,23,25,26,27,28,30,32,33(34),36,37(38)的抑制率大于80%,提示可能具有较高的NE再摄取抑制活性。对肝细胞损伤的保护作用筛选中,结果显示化合物2*,5*,7*,8*,23,25,29,32,37(38)在10,μM浓度水平均对肝细胞有保护作用,成活率分别为67%,77%,78%,73%,84%,94%,69%,80%,81%,与模型组比较有显著性差异。细胞毒活性筛选结果显示腺点金丝桃的水部位对HCT-8细胞有一定的细胞毒作用,石油醚萃取部位对Bel-7402、BGC-823和A2780有一定的细胞毒作用。但是随后的单体化合物筛选结果显示仅33(34)对肿瘤细胞有一定的细胞毒作用,其它均未显示有细胞毒活性。在抗糖尿病(对蛋白质酪氨酸磷酸酶1B的抑制活性)高通量模型的筛选中,分离得到的化合物在10μM浓度下,均未显示明显的活性。
Hypericum perforatum L. and Hypericum scabrum L. are both species of the genus Hypericum of the Guttiferae family, which were collected from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Because of their unique chemical compositions and a variety of pharmacological activity, study on this Hypericum has been a hot spot for the modern drug research in the pharmacological and phytochemical field.
As part of a program to assess the chemical and biological diversity of several traditional Chinese medicines, this dissertation investigated chemical constituents of the aerial parts of Hypericum perforatum L. and Hypericum scabrum L., and bioactivities of different extracts and purified compounds on several pharmacological models with the help of pharmacological staff.
By using various chromatographic techniques,32compounds have been isolated from an ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of Hypericum perforatum L. and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Among them, two compounds were new (1,2*), including one phenolic compound (1*) and a flavonoid compound (2*). These compounds were divided into ten flavonoids (2,14-18,20-21,27-28), two xanthones (12,19), seven phenolic acids and their glycosides (1*,5-7,10,25-26), five terpenoids (3-4,22-24) and other types of compounds (31-32,13,29). Compound3,4,7,31were obtained from Hypericum for the first time and compound5,6was isolated from this plant for the first time. At a concentration of2μmol·L-1, compound8inhibited recombinant human PTP1B with inhibitory rate of96.4%and IC50of2.5μM. Five compounds (1*,3,4,9,16) may have NE reuptake inhibitory activity.
In pursuit of another type of characteristic phloroglucinol components, which were not found in the research on H. perforatum, our study group have found39compounds from Petroleum ether extraction of aerial parts of H. scabrum, and identified38compounds, which included34polyprenylated phloroglucinols, two sesquiterpenes and two other kinds of compounds. Among them, compounds1-17*,19*-20*were new products,18*were new natural product, compounds1-6were simple phloroglucinols,8*and9were novel tricyclo [5.2.1] phloroglucinol compounds,10*and13*were unusual decarbon phloroglucinol components containing the ketal unit,14*was an unusual phloroglucinol component containing the spiro [4,5] unit,15*and17*were furan-phloroglucinols,7*was a pyran-phloroglucinol derivative,19*was a phloroglucinol containing oxygen bridge respectively, as well as a new sesquiterpene compound20*.
A preliminary study to determine the stereochemistry of the CD spectra of phloroglucinol components was proposed. The feature of CD data [especially (3, y-unsaturated fragment of the CD data (near300nm)] provided a relatively easy way to determine the configuration for those compounds with similar structural units.
In the in vitro assays, compound33(34) showed obvious [3H]-5-HT reuptake inhibitory activity. In the rat brain synaptosomes [3H]-NE uptake activity screening experiments, all kinds of crude extracts of H. scabrum exhibited significant NE reuptake inhibitory activity. The inhibition rates of18compounds (3*.9*,10*,11*,14*18*,23,25,26,27,28,30,32,33(34),36,37(38)) were all higher than80%. suggesting that these compounds inhibited remarkable NE reuptake inhibitory activity. In the10μM concentration compounds2*,5*,7*,8*,23,25,29,32,37(38) exhibited protective activity against a damage of hepatocyte, the survival rates were67%.77%,78%,73%,84%,94%,69%,80%,81%, with significance compared to the blank control group. The water part and the petroleum ether extraction showed potent cytotoxicity. However, purified compounds did not show significant cytotoxicity activity and PTP1B inhibition activity.
为了从民间传统中草药的近源植物资源中寻找类型多样、结构新颖的代谢产物,为药理活性筛选提供丰富多样的植物代谢产物样品,通过随即筛选寻找强活性化合物,为化学合成和创新药物提供有价值的模板结构,同时,也为揭示传统和民间中草药的成分组成特点和和近源植物资源的利用提供科学基础,本学位论文分别对贯叶金丝桃和腺点金丝桃乙醇提取物的化学成分进行了系统的分离和结构鉴定,并通过与药理学人员的合作,对分离过程中得到的不同部位以及单体化合物的活性进行了初步药理活性筛选。
运用硅胶、大孔树脂、凝胶Sephadex LH-20、中压液相色谱及高效制备液相色谱等各种色谱分离手段,从贯叶金丝桃Hypericum perforatum L的乙醇提取物中,分离得到32个化合物,通过MS、UV、IR、1D NMR、2D NMR等波谱分析及化学方法,鉴定了它们的结构,发现新化合物2个(1*,2*),1‘为新的酚酸类化合物,化合物2‘为新的黄酮类化合物。这些化合物包括黄酮类化合物10个(2‘,14-18,20-21,27-28),口山酮类化合物2个(12,19),酚酸及其苷类化合物7个(1‘,5-7,10,25-26),萜类化合物5个(3-4,22-24),其他类型化合物4个(31-32,13,29)。化合物3,4,7,31均为首次从金丝桃属植物中分离得到,化合物5,6为首次从贯叶金丝桃植物中分离得到。在抗糖尿病(对蛋白质酪氨酸磷酸酶1B的抑制活性)的筛选中,化合物8在2μmol·L-1浓度时,对基因重组人PTP1B的抑制率为96.4%,IC50为2.5μM。5个化合物(1,3,4,9,16)可能具有较高的NE再摄取抑制活性。
针对金丝桃属植物中含有的特征性成分间苯三酚类化合物,同时对近源植物资源的利用的研究,我们另选择了我国特有植物新疆产腺点金丝桃进行研究,采用多种色谱学手段和波谱学技术从该植物乙醇提取物中的石油醚萃取部位分离39个化合物,鉴定了38个(1-38),发现新化合物20个(1*-20*),其中新化合物19个,新天然产物1个,间苯三酚类化合物34个,倍半萜类化合物2个,其它类3个。其中新化合物包括首次发现的降碳的含有缩酮单元的间苯三酚类化合物10*-13*,降碳的含有螺原子螺[4,5]的间苯三酚类化合物14*内酯型间苯三酚类化合物8*,9*,还有单一间苯三酚类化合物1*-6*,呋哺型衍生物15*-17*,吡喃型衍生物7‘,含有氧桥的衍生物19*,化合物18**为新天然产物,另外还有一个倍半萜新化合物20*。
运用CD光谱对间苯三酚类化合物的立体构型进行了初步探讨和确定。利用特征CD数据(尤其是p,丫-不饱和片段所产生的CD数据(300nm附近)),对含有类似结构单元化合物的构型确定提供了一种相对简便的方法。
在多种药理模型上对分离鉴定的部分单体化合物进行了活性筛选,在大鼠脑突触体[3H]-5-HT再摄取活性筛选实验中,有化合物33(34)的抑制率大于50%,提示上述化合物可能具有较高的5-HT再摄取抑制活性。在大鼠脑突触体[3H]-NE再摄取活性筛选实验中,腺点金丝桃各部位均具有显著的NE再摄取抑制活性。18个化合物(3*,5*,8*,9*,10*,11*,14*,18*,23,25,26,27,28,30,32,33(34),36,37(38)的抑制率大于80%,提示可能具有较高的NE再摄取抑制活性。对肝细胞损伤的保护作用筛选中,结果显示化合物2*,5*,7*,8*,23,25,29,32,37(38)在10,μM浓度水平均对肝细胞有保护作用,成活率分别为67%,77%,78%,73%,84%,94%,69%,80%,81%,与模型组比较有显著性差异。细胞毒活性筛选结果显示腺点金丝桃的水部位对HCT-8细胞有一定的细胞毒作用,石油醚萃取部位对Bel-7402、BGC-823和A2780有一定的细胞毒作用。但是随后的单体化合物筛选结果显示仅33(34)对肿瘤细胞有一定的细胞毒作用,其它均未显示有细胞毒活性。在抗糖尿病(对蛋白质酪氨酸磷酸酶1B的抑制活性)高通量模型的筛选中,分离得到的化合物在10μM浓度下,均未显示明显的活性。
Hypericum perforatum L. and Hypericum scabrum L. are both species of the genus Hypericum of the Guttiferae family, which were collected from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Because of their unique chemical compositions and a variety of pharmacological activity, study on this Hypericum has been a hot spot for the modern drug research in the pharmacological and phytochemical field.
As part of a program to assess the chemical and biological diversity of several traditional Chinese medicines, this dissertation investigated chemical constituents of the aerial parts of Hypericum perforatum L. and Hypericum scabrum L., and bioactivities of different extracts and purified compounds on several pharmacological models with the help of pharmacological staff.
By using various chromatographic techniques,32compounds have been isolated from an ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of Hypericum perforatum L. and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Among them, two compounds were new (1,2*), including one phenolic compound (1*) and a flavonoid compound (2*). These compounds were divided into ten flavonoids (2,14-18,20-21,27-28), two xanthones (12,19), seven phenolic acids and their glycosides (1*,5-7,10,25-26), five terpenoids (3-4,22-24) and other types of compounds (31-32,13,29). Compound3,4,7,31were obtained from Hypericum for the first time and compound5,6was isolated from this plant for the first time. At a concentration of2μmol·L-1, compound8inhibited recombinant human PTP1B with inhibitory rate of96.4%and IC50of2.5μM. Five compounds (1*,3,4,9,16) may have NE reuptake inhibitory activity.
In pursuit of another type of characteristic phloroglucinol components, which were not found in the research on H. perforatum, our study group have found39compounds from Petroleum ether extraction of aerial parts of H. scabrum, and identified38compounds, which included34polyprenylated phloroglucinols, two sesquiterpenes and two other kinds of compounds. Among them, compounds1-17*,19*-20*were new products,18*were new natural product, compounds1-6were simple phloroglucinols,8*and9were novel tricyclo [5.2.1] phloroglucinol compounds,10*and13*were unusual decarbon phloroglucinol components containing the ketal unit,14*was an unusual phloroglucinol component containing the spiro [4,5] unit,15*and17*were furan-phloroglucinols,7*was a pyran-phloroglucinol derivative,19*was a phloroglucinol containing oxygen bridge respectively, as well as a new sesquiterpene compound20*.
A preliminary study to determine the stereochemistry of the CD spectra of phloroglucinol components was proposed. The feature of CD data [especially (3, y-unsaturated fragment of the CD data (near300nm)] provided a relatively easy way to determine the configuration for those compounds with similar structural units.
In the in vitro assays, compound33(34) showed obvious [3H]-5-HT reuptake inhibitory activity. In the rat brain synaptosomes [3H]-NE uptake activity screening experiments, all kinds of crude extracts of H. scabrum exhibited significant NE reuptake inhibitory activity. The inhibition rates of18compounds (3*.9*,10*,11*,14*18*,23,25,26,27,28,30,32,33(34),36,37(38)) were all higher than80%. suggesting that these compounds inhibited remarkable NE reuptake inhibitory activity. In the10μM concentration compounds2*,5*,7*,8*,23,25,29,32,37(38) exhibited protective activity against a damage of hepatocyte, the survival rates were67%.77%,78%,73%,84%,94%,69%,80%,81%, with significance compared to the blank control group. The water part and the petroleum ether extraction showed potent cytotoxicity. However, purified compounds did not show significant cytotoxicity activity and PTP1B inhibition activity.
引文
[1]Dongmei W, Jie Bai, et al. Chemical constituents and antidepressant activity of the new species Hypericum enshiense occurring in China [J]. Phytomedicine,2010,17:410-413.
[2]中国科学院中国植物志编委会,中国植物志[M],第五十二卷第二分册,科学出版社,1990：2-72.
[3]肖忠勇,穆青.金丝桃属植物化学成分研究进展[J].天然产物研究与开发,2007,19：344-355.
[4]Chika H, Naonobu T, et al. Prenylated Phloroglucinol Derivatives from Hypericum perforatum var. angustifolium [J]. Chem. Pharm. Bull.,2008,56(8):1164—1167.
[5]Naonobu T, Yuka K, et al. Yezo'otogirins A-C, new tricyclic terpenoids from Hypericum yezoense [J]. Tetrahedron Letters,2009,50:4747-4750.
[6]G. Momekov, D. Ferdinandov, et al. Cytotoxic effects of hyperatomarin, a prenylated phloroglucinol from Hypericum annulatum Moris subsp. annulatum, in a panel of malignant cell lines [J]. Phytomedicine,2008,15:1010-1015.
[7]Tomas Rezanka, Karel Sigler. Sinaicinone, a complex adamantanyl derivative from Hypericum sinaicum [J]. Phytochemistry,2007,68:1272-1276.
[8]Yi-Han Z, Khadijo O, et al. Four geranyl-bearing polyisoprenylated benzoylphloroglucinol derivatives from Hypericum sampsonii [J]. Phytochemistry Letters,2012,5:200-205.
[9]Ferraz AF, Schripsema J, et al. Uliginosin B from Hypericum myrianthum Cham & Schltdl [J]. Biochem Syst Ecol,2002,30:989-991.
[10]Kylie M, Elyse P, et al. Acylphloroglucinol and xanthones from Hypericum ellipticum [J]. Phytochemistry,2011,72:662-667
[11]Naonobu T, Yoshiki K, et al. Takaneones A-C, prenylated butylphloroglucinol derivatives from Hypericum sikokumontanum [J]. Tetrahedron Letters,2008,49:2799-2803.
[12]Takuji M, Naonobu T, et al. Yojironins A-D, meroterpenoids and prenylated acylphloroglucinols from Hypericum yojiroanum [J]. Tetrahedron Letters,2011,52:3575-3578.
[13]Naonobu T, Takaaki K, et al. Petiolins A-C, phloroglucinol derivatives from Hypericum pseudopetiolatum var. [J]. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry,2008,16:5619-5623.
[14]Naonobu T, Mio O, et al. Petiolins J-M, prenylated acylphloroglucinols from Hypericum pseudopetiolatum var. kiusianum. [J]. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters,2010,20: 4451-4455.
[15]Sebastian S, Guido J, et al. Phloroglucinol derivatives from Hypericum empetrifolium with antiproliferative activity on endothelial cells [J]. Phytochemistry,2012,77:218-225.
[16]Naonobu T, Yoshiki K, et al. Tomoeones A-H, cytotoxic phloroglucinol derivatives from Hypericum ascyron. [J], Phytochemistry,2008,69:2225-2230.
[17]Kylie M, Elyse P, et al. Acylphloroglucinol and xanthones from Hypericum ellipticum [J]. Phytochemistry,2011,72:662-667.
[18]Wei-Dong Z, Peng F, et al. A new bisxanthone from Hypericum japonium [J]. Fitoterapia,2007, 78:74-75.
[19]Di H, Feng Y, et al. Sulfonated xanthones from Hypericum sampsonii [J]. Phytochemistry,2004, 65:2595-2598.
[20]Naonobu T, Yoshihisa T, et al. Xanthones from Hypericum chinense [J]. Phytochemistry,2006, 67:2146-2151.
[21]Naonobu T, Yoshiki K, et al. Xanthones from Hypericum chinense and their cytotoxicity evaluation [J]. Phytochemistry,2009,70:1456-1461.
[22]Kitanov GM, Nedialkov PT. Benzophenone O-glucoside, a biogenic precursor of 1,3,7-trioxygenated xanthones in Hypericum annulatum [J]. Phytochemisty,2001,57: 1237-1243.
[23]李勇,熊元君,等.金丝桃属植物的研究进展[J].新疆中医,2004,4(1)：55-58.
[24]Ozlem Demirkiran, M. Ahmed Mesaik, et al. Cellular reactive oxygen species inhibitory constituents of Hypericum thasium Griseb [J].Phytochemistry,2009,70:244-249.
[25]Bergonzi MC, Bilia AR, et al. Variability in the content of the constituents of Hypericum perforatum L. and some commercial extracts [J]. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2001,27:491-497.
[26]Paraskev T. N, Gerassim M. K, et al. Two benzophenone O-arabinosides and a chromone from Hypericum annulatum [J]. Phytochemistry,2002,59:867-871.
[27]Naonobu T, Yoshiki K, et al. Chromone and chromanone glucosides from Hypericum sikokumontanum and their anti-Helicobacter pylori activities [J]. Phytochemistry,2009,70: 141-146.
[28]Chung MI, Lai MH, et al. Phenolics from Hypericum geminiflorum [J]. Phytochemistry,1997, 44:943-947.
[29]Erika M, Koichi M, Masao K. Chemical constituents of Hypericum erectum Thunb [J]. J Nat Med,2008,62:467-469.
[30]刘一兵.贯叶金丝桃研究进展Ⅰ：原植物、采收、制剂和化学成分[J].国外医药·植物药分册,1998,13(3)：99-104.
[31]Hu LH, Yip SC, Sim KY. Xanthones from Hypericum ascyron [J]. Phytochemistry,1999,52: 1371-1373.
[32]Don MJ, Huang YJ, et al. New phenolic principles from Hyericum sampsonii [J]. Chem Pharm Bull,2004,52:866-869.
[33]EI-Seedi HR, Ringbom T, et al. Constitents of Hypericum laricifolium and their cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme activities [J]. Chem Pharm Bull,2003,51:1439-1440.
[34]Tao SH(陶曙红),Wu FE(吴凤锷)A new flavone from Hypericum wightianum [J]. J Asian Nat Prod Res,2004,6:307-310.
[35]Yin ZQ, Ye WC,et al. Studies on chemical constituents from Hypericum perforatum of China Origin [J]. J China Pharm Univ,2002,33:277-279.
[36]Farnet C, Wang B, et al. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 cDNA integration:New aromatic hydroxylated inhibitors and studies of the inhibition mechanism [J]. Antimicrob Abents Chemother,1998,42(9):2245-2253.
[37]Winnie Ka Po S, Simon G. Dibenzofuran and pyranone metabolites from Hypericum revolutum ssp. revolutum and Hypericum choisianum [J]. Phytochemistry,2009,70:403-406.
[38]Alexandre B.F., Ferraz, et al. Benzopyrans from Hypericum polyanthemum [J]. Phytochemistry, 2001,57:1227-1230.
[39]Pan YH(潘映红),Guo BL(郭宝林).国产金丝桃属药用植物资源现状及利用前景[J].JChina Med Mat,1993,16(3):14-18.
[40]顾丽贞,张宏彬.稳心草(赶山鞭)化学成分的研究[J].植物学报,1980,22(2)：151-155.
[41]Linde K, Ramirez H, et al. St. John's wort for depression:an overview and metanalysis of randomized clinical trials [J]. Br Med J,1996,313(7052):52-258.
[42]Evstifeeva V A, Sibiryak S V. Immunotropic properties of biologically active products obtained from St. John's wort(H. perforatum)[J], Eksp Klin Farmakol,1996,59(l):51-54.
[43]Meruelo D, Lavie G. Therapeutic agents dramatic antiretroviral activity and little toxicity at effective doses:Aromatic polycyclic diones hypericin and pseudohypericin [J]. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA,1988,85:5230-5234.
[44]Lavie, Gad, et al. proc.natl. Acadsci (USA),1989.
[45]Wrynn AS, Mac Sweeney CP, Franconi F, et al. An invivomagnetic resonance imaging study of the olfactory bulbectmizedrat model of depression [J]. Brain Res.,2000,879:193-199.
[46]Michel B, Elisabeth, Roger. Antidepressant-like activity of agomelatine in the forced swimming test in rodents:involvement of melatonin and serotonin receptors [J].Rev Psychiatr Neurosei., 2004,29 (2):126-133.
[47]Nicole L, McDonald MP, Lee EL. The a2A-Adrenergie Receptor Plays a Protective Role in Mouse Behavioral Models of Depression and Anxiety [J]. Neuroseienee,2001,21(13): 4875-4882.
[48]Vaugeois JM, E1 Yacoubi M. Costentin J. Comments on an Animal Model of depression [J]. Ann Pharm Fr.,2004,62(5):332-342.
[49]Besson A, Privat AM, Esehalier A. Reverse oflearned helplessness by morphinein rats: involvement of a dopamine mediation [J]. Pharmaeol Bioehem Behav.,1998,60(2):519-525.
[50]Roth KA, Katz RJ. Futher studies on a novel animal model of depression:Therapeutic effects of a tricyclic antidepressant [J]. Neurosci Biobehav Rev,1982,169(6):969-972.
[51]Forbes NF, Stewart CA, et al:chronic unpredictable mild stress and sucrose consumption: validity as a model of depression [J]. Physiol Behav.,1996,60:1481-1484.
[52]Silberg LC, Olson SL, et al. Altered hormone levels and circadian rhythm of activity in the WK Y rat, a putative animal model of depression [J]. Am Physiol Reful Integr Comphysiol.,2001, 281(3):786-794.
[53]Hennessy MB, Deak T, Schiml W PA. Stress induced sick ness behaviors:an ahernativehy pothesis for responses during maternal separation [J]. Dev Psychobiol.,2001,39:76-83.
[54]Galea LA, Wide JK, Barr AM., Estradiol alleviates depressive like symptoms in a novel animal model of post partum depression [J]. Behav Brain Res.,2001,122:1-9.
[55]Zhong ZQ, Zhao N, et al., Effect of inulin-type hexasaccharide on forced swimming tests in mices and rats and DRL72s in rats [J]. Chinese Pharmacological bulletin.,2001,17 (2): 164-167.
[56]Giulia Di C, Francesca B, et al. Is St John's wort a'Prozac-like'herbal antidepressant [J]. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences,2001,22(11):559.
[57]Bernd L. F, Rainer K, et al. Pharmacological studies in an herb-al drug combination of St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) and passion flower (Passiflora incarnata):In vitro and in vivo evidence of synergy between Hypericum and Passiflora in antidepressant pharmacological models [J]. Fitoterapia [J],2011,82:474-480.
[58]Siegfried K, Filippo C, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of Hypericum extract for the treatment of mild to moderate depression [J]. European Neuropsychopharmacology,2010,20:747-765.
[59]Lars B, Gunnar V, et al. Hypericum extract LI 160 and fluoxetine in mild to moderate depression [J]. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci,2005,55:40-47.
[60]S. Kasper, A. Dienel. Cluster analysis of symptoms during atidepressant treatment with Hypericum extract in mildly to moderately depressed out-patients. A meta-analysis of data from three randomized, placebo-controlled trials [J]. Psychopharmacology,2002,164:301-308.
[61]Alice V, JeanClaude do R, et al. The antidepressant-Iike effect of Hypericum caprifoliatum Cham & Schlecht (Guttiferae) on forced swimming test results from an inhibition of neuronal monoamine uptake [J]. Neuropharmacology,2005,49:1042-1052.
[62]C.C. Sanchez-Mateo, B. Prado, et al. Antidepressant effects of the methanol extract of several Hypericum species from the Canary Islands [J]. Journal of Ethnopharmacology,2002,79: 119-127.
[63]C.C. Sanchez-Mateo, C.X. Bonkanka, et al. Rabanal.Antidepressant properties of some Hypericum canariense L. and Hypericum glandulosum Ait. extracts in the forced swimming test in mice [J]. Journal of Ethnopharmacology,2005,97:541-547.
[64]C.C. Sanchez-Mateo, C.X. Bonkanka, et al. Antide-pressant activity of some Hypericum reflexum L. fil. Extracts in the forced swimming test in mice [J]. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2007,112:115-121.
[65]Y. Oztork, S. Aydin, et al. Effects of Hypericum perforatum L. and Hypericum calycinum L. extracts on the Central Nervous System in mice [J]. Phytomedicine,1996,3(2):139-146.
[66]Fulvio Rieli Mendes, Rita Mattei, et al. Activity of Hypericum brasiliense and Hypericum cordatum on the central Nervous system in rodents [J]. Fitoterapia,2002,73:462-471.
[67]Veronika B, Volker C, et al. Step by step removal of hyperforin and hypericin:activity profile of different Hypericum preparations in behavioral models [J]. Life Sciences,2003,73:627-639.
[68]Ana C. Stein, Alice F. Viana, et al. Uliginosin B, a phloroglucinol derivat-ive from Hypericum polyanthemum:A promising new molecular pattern for the development of antidepressant drugs [J]. Behavioural Brain Research,2012,228:66-73.
[69]G. Laakmann, A. Dienel, et al. Clinical significance of hyperforin for the efficacy of Hypericum extracts on depressive disorders of different Severities [J]. Phytomedicine,1998,5(6):435-442.
[70]Luigi C, Marco R, et al. Role of hyperforin in the antidepressant-like activity of Hypericum perforatum extracts [J]. Psychopharmacology,2002,164:423-428.
[71]Muller W E, Singer A, et al. Hyperforin represents the neurotransmitter reuptake inhibiting constituent of hypericum extract [J]. Pharmacopsychatry,1998,31(Suppl 1):54-59.
[72]Kaehler S T, Sinnner C, et al. Hyperforin enhances the extracellular concentractions of catecholamines, serotonin and glutamate in the rat locus coemleus [J]. Neurosci Lett,1999, 262(3):199-202.
[73]梁小燕.金丝桃属植物的研究进展[J].广西植物,1998,18(3)：256-262.
[74]C.M. Helgason, J.L. Wieseler Frank, et al. The effects of St. John's Wort{Hypericum perforatum) on NK cell activity in vitro [J]. Immunopharmacology,2000,46:247-251.
[75]Tiziana M, Marco G. The antidepressant mechanism of Hypericum perforatum [J]. Life Sciences,2004,75:1021-1027.
[76]Jean-Claude do R, Naima B, et al. Antidepressant-like effect of hyperfoliatin, a polyisoprenylated phloroglucinol derivative from Hypericum perfoliatum (Clusiaceae) is associated with an inhibition of neuronal monoamines uptake [J]. European Journal of Pharmacology,2007,569:197-203.
[77]A.G. Jensen, S.H. Hansen, et al. Adhyperforin as a Contributor to the effect of Hypericum perforatum L. in biochemical models of antidepressant activity [J]. LifeSciences,2001,68: 1593-1605.
[78]Francesca,B, Angelo A. I. Herb-Drug Interactions with St John's Wort(Hypericum perforatum):an Update on Clinical Observations.
[79]R. Scottobach. Inhibition of Human Cytochrome P450 Enzymes by Constituents of St. John's Wort, an Herbal Preparation Used in the Treatment of Depression. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimentics [J],2000,294:88-95.
[80]Reichling J, Weseler A. A current review of the antimicrobial activity of Hypericum perforatum L.[J]. Pharmacopsychiatry,2001,34 Suppl 1:116-118.
[81]Nseyo, U. O, Shiverick, K. T. et al. The dual effects of polar methanolic extract of Hypericum perforatum L. on bladder cancer cells. Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering,2007,6427.
[82]王晓利等.金丝桃素对HepG2细胞的体外杀伤效应的研究[J].时珍国医国药,2008,19(1)：69-71.
[83]齐建斌等.Hypericum sampsonii植物中作用于维甲酸X受体的抗肿瘤成分[J].大然产物研究与开发,2008,20(1)：129-130.
[84]Henry, Geneive E, et al. Anticancer studies of acylphloroglucinols from Hypericum densiflorum. Abstracts of Papers,235th ACS National Meeting, New Orleans, LA, United States, April 6-10, 2008, AGFD-046.
[85]Dongre, Santoshkumar H. et al. Antitumor activity of the methanol extract of Hypericum hookerianum stem against ehrlich ascites carcinoma in swiss albino mice [J]. Journal of Pharmacological Sciences,2007,103(4):354-359.
[86]Ferraz, Alexandre B. F. et al. Antitumor activity of three benzopyrans isolated from Hypericum polyanthemum [J]. Fitoterapia,2005,76(2):210-215.
[87]Ozmen Ali, Bauer Sabine, et al. In vitro anti-neoplastic activity of the ethno-pharmaceutical plant Hypericum adenotrichum Spach endemic to Western Turkey [J]. Oncology reports,2009, 22(4):845-52.
[88]Agostinis P, Vantieghem A, et al. Hypericin in cancer treatment:more light on the way[J]. Biochem. Cell Biol.,2002,34(3):221-241.
[89]Ali S M, Olivo M. Bio-distribution and subcellular localization of hypericin and its role in PDT induced apoptosis in cancer cells[J]. Oncol. Int,2002,21(3):531-540.
[90]白洁,杨得坡等.贯叶金丝桃素的化学不稳定性及药理活性.中草药,2004,35(3)：338-340.
[91]Neuwald F, Hagenstrom U. Studies on antibacterial effect of Hypericum perforatum L. [J]. Arch Pharm Ber Dtsch Pharm Ges,1954,287(8):439-441.
[92]Schempp CM, Pelz K, et al. Antibacterial activity of hyperforin from St John's wort against multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus and gram-positive bacteria [J]. Lancet,1999,353(9170): 2129.
[93]Yesilada E, Gurbuz I, et al. Screening of Turkishanti-ulcerogenic folk remedies for anti-Helicobacter pylori activity [J]. J Ethnopharmacol,1999,66(3):289-293.
[94]Yang X, Goncalves J, Gabuzda D. Phosphorylation of Vif and its role in HIV-1 replication[J]. Bio.Chem,1996,27(17):1021-1029.
[95]Kasper S. Hypericum perforatum-a review of clinical studies [J]. Pharmacopsychiatry,2001,34 Suppll:S51-S55.
[96]Pistelli L, Bertoli A, et al. Chemical and antibacterial evaluation of Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra. Phytother Res,2005,19(19):787-791.
[97]Males Z, Brantner AH, et al. Comparative phytochemicaland antimicrobial investigations of Hypericum perforatum L.subsp.perforatum and H. perforatum subsp. angustifolium (DC.) [J]. Gaudin.Acta Pharm,2006,56(3):359-367.
[98]李宏,姜怀春.贯叶连翘总提取物对11株致病细菌的抗菌作用[J].河南师范大学学报,2006,34(2)：98-102.
[99]李宏,姜怀春.贯叶连翘总提取物对致病细菌的抗菌作用[J].广西植物,2007,27(3)：466-468.
[100]李宏,姜怀春.贯叶连翘总提取物对黄色短杆菌的抗菌作用[J].广西植物,2005,25(4)：362-365.
[101]朱明等.毛金丝桃提取物的体外抗菌实验[J].时珍国医国药,2006,17(9)：1693-1694.
[102]Mu, Qing, Xiao, Zhiyong, et al. Solvent extraction method for preparing ent-7-epiclusianone from Hypericum sampsonii and its medical application as antibacterial agent for inhibiting methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Faming Zhuanli Shenqing,2008,8.
[103]郑清明.金丝桃属药用植物的生药学研究[J].上海：第二军医大学,2002.
[104]Al-Bakri AG, Afifi FU. Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of selectedplant extracts by rapid XTT colorimetry and bacterial enumeration [J].J Microbiol Methods,2007,68(1):19-25.
[105]Dulger B, Gonuz A. Antibacterial activity of the endemic Hypericum kazdaghensis [J]. Fitoterapia,2005,76(2):237-239.
[106]DallAgnol R, Ferraz A, et al. Antimicrobial activity ofsome Hypericum species [J]. Phytomedicine,2003,10(6/7):511-516.
[107]Rabanal RM, Arias A, et al. Antimicrobial studies on three species of Hypericum from the Canary Islands [J]. J Ethnopharmacol,2002,81(2):287-292.
[108]Mukherjee PK, Saritha GS, Suresh B. Antimicrobial potential of two different Hypericum species available in India [J]. Phytother Res,2002,16(7):692-695.
[109]Mukherjee PK, Saritha GS, et al. Antibacterial spectrum of Hypericum hookerianum [J]. Fitoterapia,2001,72(5):558-560.
[110]Hagenstrom, U et al. The occurrence of an antibacterial fraction in the capsules of some species of Hypericum. The occurrence of an antibacterial fraction in the capsules of some species of Hypericum [J]. Arzneimittel-Forschung,1955,5:55.
[111]Linde K. St John's wort-an overview [J]. Forsch Komplementmed,2009,16(3):146-155.
[112]余文海.圣约翰草提取物对具有多重耐药性的金黄色葡萄球菌和革兰阳性菌有抗菌作用[J].国外医学中医中药分册,2000,22(3)：186.
[113]Vajs V, Vugdelija S, et al. Further degradation product of hyperforin from Hypericum perforatun (St. John's Wort). Fitoterapia,2003,74(5):439-444.
[114]Hubner AT. Treatment with Hypericum perforatum L. does not triggerdecreased resistance in Staphylococcus aureus aginst antibiotics andhyperforin [J]. Phytomedicine,2003,10(2/3): 206-208.
[115]Gibbons S, Moser E, et al. An anti-staphylococcal acylphloroglucinol from Hypericum foliosum [J]. Phytochemistry,2005,66(12):1472-1475.
[116]Couladis M, Chinou IB, et al. Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Hypericum rumeliacum subsp. apollinis (Boiss. & Heldr.) [J]. Phytother Res,2003, 17(2):152-154.
[117]Toker Z, Kizil G, et al. Compositions and antimicrobial activities of the essential oils of two Hypericum species from Turkey [J]. Fitoterapia,2006,77(1):57-60.
[118]Schwob I, Bessiere JM, et al. Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Hypericum coris [J]. Fitoterapia,2002,73(6):511-513.
[119]Shiu WK, Gibbons S. Anti-staphylococcal acylphloroglucinols fromHypericum beanii [J]. Phytochemistry,2006,67(23):2568-2572.
[120]Shiu WK, Gibbons S. Dibenzofuran and pyranone metabolites from Hypericum revolutum ssp. revolutum and Hypericum choisianum [J]. Phytochemistry,2009,70(3):403-406.
[121]Tanaka N, Kashiwada Y, et al. Chromone and chromanone glucosides from Hypericum sikokumontanum and their anti-Helicobacter pylori activities [J]. Phytochemistry,2009,70(1): 141-146.
[122]Dall'agnol R, Ferraz A, et al. Bioassay-guided isolation of antimicrobial benzopyrans and phloroglucinol derivatives from Hypericum species [J]. Phytother Res,2005,19(4):291-293.
[123]Jayasuriya, Hiranthi, et al. Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of rottlerin-type compounds from Hypericum drummondii [J]. Journal of Natural Products,1989,52(2):325-31.
[124]Ishiguro, Kyoko et al. X-ray crystal structure of sarothralin, a novel antibiotic compound from Hypericum japonicum [J]. Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications,1985,1: 26-27.
[125]Negrash, A. K, Pochinok, et al. Comparative study of chemotherapeutic and pharmacological properties of antimicrobial preparations from common St. John's wort [C]. Fitontsidy, Mater. Soveshch.,6th,1972, Meeting Date 1969,198-200.
[126]Yin Z Q, Wang Y, Zhang D M, Ye W C, Zhao Sh X. Studies on chemical continents from Hypericum L.[J]. Chinese Wild Plant Res.,2004,23(1):6-7.
[1]吴立宏,胡海燕,黄世亮,等.连翘与贯叶连翘的本草考证[J].中国中药杂志,2002,27(8)：612-616.
[2]Pabst A, Barron D, et al., Two diastereomeric 3-oxo-α-ionol β-D-glucosides from Raspberry furit [J]. Phytochemistry,1992,31(5):1649.
[3]Yoshikawa M, Shimada H, et al., Medicinal foodstuffs, v.:Moroheiya.(1):absolute stereostructures of corchoionosides A, B, and C, histamine release inhibitors from the leaves of vietnamese corchorus olitorius L. (Tiliaceae)[J]. Chern. Pharrn. Bull,1997,45(3):464.
[4]Otsuka H, Yao M, et al. Alangionsides G-M:Glycosides of megastigmane derivatives from the leaves of Alangium premnifolium [J]. Chem. Pharm. Bull.,1995,43(5):754.
[5]Otsuka H, Takeuchi M, et al. Phenolic compounds from Coix lachryma-jobi var. Ma-yuen [J]. Phytochemisty,1989,28(3):883-886.
[6]Kitajima J, Ishikawa T, et al., Water-Soluble constituents of Fennel. V. glycosides of aromatic compounds [J]. Chem. Pharm. Bull.1998,46(10):1587.
[7]karina W, Jurgen S, Dieter S, et al. Profiling of phenylpropanoids in transgenic low-sinapine oilseed rape (Brassica napus) [J]. Phytochemistry,2010,71:1076-1084.
[8]Skalkos D, Tatsis E, et al. Towards a consensus structure of hypericin in solution:direct evidence for a single tautomer and different ionization states in protic and nonprotic solvents by the use of variable temperature gradient'H-NMR [J]. Tetrohedron,2002,58(4):4925.
[9]Wirza A, Simmen U, et al. Bisanthraquinone glycosides of Hypericum perforatum with binding inhibition to CRH-1 receptors[J]. Phytochemistry,2000,55:941.
[10]Marco JL. Iridoid glucosides of Pinguicula vulgaris.[J]. J Nat Prod,1985,48(2):338.
[11]Li-jie zhang, Xue-dong Yang, et al. Three new xanthones from the roots of Securidaca inappendiculata., Heterocycles,2005,65(7):1685-1690.
[12]杨晓军,涂院海.黄花铁线莲新鲜全草化学成分研究[J].天然产物研究与开发.2011,23：1051-1054.
[13]Kenji T, Yoshihito K, et al. A study of biflavanones from the stems of Garcznza kola(Guttiferae) [J].Heterocycles.,1999,50(1):283-290.
[14]周容,波拉提·马卡比力,等,新疆蓝刺头化学成分研究[J],西北植物学报,2011,31(3)：616-619.
[15]曹俊伟,王宝源,钟惠民.虎尾草化学成分的研究[J].青岛科技大学学报(自然科学版),2011,32(3)：268-271.
[16]王静,彭树林,等.金丝桃的化学成分[J],中国中药杂志,2002,27(2)：120-122.
[17]Lin, C.N., Chung, M.L. et al. Synthesis and anti-inflammatory effects of xanthone derivatives [J]. J.Pharm. Pharmacol.1996.48:532-538.
[18]张小坡,张俊清,等.黎药牛耳枫化学成分研究[J].中国现代中药,2011,13(10)：26-29
[19]王永刚,淡墨,等.猴耳环化学成分的研究[J].中药材,2005,28(9)：774-775
[20]Watanabe M, Ohshita Y, et al. Antioxidant compounds from buckwheat(Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) Hulls [J]. J Agric Food Chem,1997,45:1039-1044.
[21]Yang-Chang WU, Hang-Ching LIN, et al. Glycosides from Paeonia suffruticosa. [J]. Chern. Pharrn. Bull.,1999,47(5):652-655.
[22]许琼明,石峰,等.瘤果紫玉盘叶中的黄酮类成分[J].沈阳药科大学学报,2006,23(5)：277-279.
[23]汤海峰,易杨华,姚新生,等.褐藻果叶马尾藻化学成分的研究[J].中国海洋药物,2002, 21(6)：11-15.
[24]张晓琦,殷志琦,叶文才等.赤芝子实体化学成分的研究[J].中草药,2005,36(11)：1601.
[25]刘静,杜丹,司伊康,等.Mo2(OAc)4试剂在邻二醇类结构绝对构型确定中的应用[J].有机化学,2010,30(9)：1270-1278.
[1]米吉提·胡达拜尔地,徐建国.新疆高等植物检索表[M],新疆大学出版社,335.
[2]熊元君,李勇,等.腺点金丝桃挥发油化学成分分析[J].中成药,2006,28(6)：865-867.
[3]Naonobu T, Yoshihisa T, et al. Prenylated Benzophenones and Xanthones from Hypericum scabrum. [J]. Journal of Natural Products,2004,67(11):1870-1875.
[4]Michiko M, Yoshihisa T, et al. Benzoylphloroglucinol derivatives from Hypericum scabrum. [J]. Journal of Natural Products,2002,65(3):290-294.
[5]Luigi C, Marco R, et al. Role of hyperforin in the antidepressant-like activity of Hypericum perforatum extracts [J]. Psychopharmacology,2002,164:423-428.
[6]Muller W E, Singer A, et al. Hyperforin represents the neurotransmitter reuptake inhibiting constituent of hypericum extract [J]. Pharmacopsychatry,1998,31 (Suppl 1):54-59.
[7]Kaehler S T, Sinnner C, et al. Hyperforin enhances the extracellular concentractions of catecholamines, serotonin and glutamate in the rat locus coemleus [J]. Neurosci Lett,1999, 262(3):199-202.
[8]C.M. Helgason, J.L. Wieseler Frank, et al. The effects of St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) on NK cell activity in vitro [J]. Immunopharmacology,2000,46:247-251.
[9]J.R.Weng, L.T Tsao, et al. J. Nat. Prod.2004,67:1796-1799.
[10]Jien Wu, Xiao-Fang Cheng, et al. A phloroglucinol derivative with a new carbon skeleton from Hypericum perforatum (Guttiferae) [J], Tetrahedron Letters,2004,45:9657-9659.
[11]Luisella V, Glovanni A, et al. Furohyperforin, a Prenylated Phloroglucinol from St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum), J. Nat. Prod.1999,62:770-772.
[12]Luisella V, Glovanni A, et al. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Hyperforin Analogues. Part I. Modification of the Enolized Cyclohexanedione Moiety [J]. J.N.P,2002,65(4):433-438.
[13]Luisella V, Glovanni A, et al. Hyperforin Analogues from St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) [J], J. Nat. Prod.,2000,63(3),412-415.
[14]Ming De Shan, Li Hong Hu, et al. Three New Hyperforin Analogues from Hypericum perforatum. [J]. J. Nat. Prod.2001,64,127-130.
[15]Naonobu T, Yuka K, et al. Yezo'otogirins A-C, new tricyclic terpenoids from Hypericum yezoense [J]. Tetrahedron Letters,2009,50:4747-4750.
[16]V. Vajs, S.Vugdelija, et al. Further degradation product of hyperforin from Hypericum perforatum (St. John's Wort) [J]. Fitoterapia,2003,74:439-444.
[17]Chika H, Naonobu T, et al. Prenylated Phloroglucinol Derivatives from Hypericum perforatum var. angustifolium [J], Chem. Pharm. Bull.,2008,56(8):1164-1167.
[18]Snezana T, Vlatka V, et al. Oxidation products of hyperforin from Hypericum perforatum [J], Phytochemistry,1998,49(5):1305-1310.
[19]Ming De Shan, Li Hong HU, Zhong Liang CHEN, Pyrohyperforin, A new prenylated phloroglucinol from Hypericum perforatum [J], Chinese Chemical Letters,2000,11(8):701-704.
[20]Wolfgang K. Giersch, F. Boschung, et al.4. Thermoconversion of Caryophyllene-to Farnesene-Type Sesquiterpenes. Short Access to the Enantiomers of (6RS,7RS)-and (6RS,7SR)-6,7-Epoxy-6,7-dihydro-farnesenes [J]. Helv. Chim. Acta.,1994,77:36-40.
[21]石大永,韩丽君,等.海藻基根硬毛藻的化学成分研究[J1,中国中药杂志.,2005,30(5)：347-350.
[22]马柱坤,戴源,等.高山大戟化学成分的研究[J].西北药学杂志,2012,27(1)：125
[23]赵天增.核磁共振氢谱.北京大学出版社,北京,1983：96
[24]Jien Wu, Keng-Yeow Sim, et al. A phloroglucinol derivative with a new carbon skeleton from Hypericum perforatum (Guttiferae) [J], Tetrahedron Letters,2004,45:9657-9659.
[25]L.Beerhues, Molecules of Interest Hyperforin[J], Phytochemistry,2006,67:2201-2207.
[2]中国科学院中国植物志编委会,中国植物志[M],第五十二卷第二分册,科学出版社,1990：2-72.
[3]肖忠勇,穆青.金丝桃属植物化学成分研究进展[J].天然产物研究与开发,2007,19：344-355.
[4]Chika H, Naonobu T, et al. Prenylated Phloroglucinol Derivatives from Hypericum perforatum var. angustifolium [J]. Chem. Pharm. Bull.,2008,56(8):1164—1167.
[5]Naonobu T, Yuka K, et al. Yezo'otogirins A-C, new tricyclic terpenoids from Hypericum yezoense [J]. Tetrahedron Letters,2009,50:4747-4750.
[6]G. Momekov, D. Ferdinandov, et al. Cytotoxic effects of hyperatomarin, a prenylated phloroglucinol from Hypericum annulatum Moris subsp. annulatum, in a panel of malignant cell lines [J]. Phytomedicine,2008,15:1010-1015.
[7]Tomas Rezanka, Karel Sigler. Sinaicinone, a complex adamantanyl derivative from Hypericum sinaicum [J]. Phytochemistry,2007,68:1272-1276.
[8]Yi-Han Z, Khadijo O, et al. Four geranyl-bearing polyisoprenylated benzoylphloroglucinol derivatives from Hypericum sampsonii [J]. Phytochemistry Letters,2012,5:200-205.
[9]Ferraz AF, Schripsema J, et al. Uliginosin B from Hypericum myrianthum Cham & Schltdl [J]. Biochem Syst Ecol,2002,30:989-991.
[10]Kylie M, Elyse P, et al. Acylphloroglucinol and xanthones from Hypericum ellipticum [J]. Phytochemistry,2011,72:662-667
[11]Naonobu T, Yoshiki K, et al. Takaneones A-C, prenylated butylphloroglucinol derivatives from Hypericum sikokumontanum [J]. Tetrahedron Letters,2008,49:2799-2803.
[12]Takuji M, Naonobu T, et al. Yojironins A-D, meroterpenoids and prenylated acylphloroglucinols from Hypericum yojiroanum [J]. Tetrahedron Letters,2011,52:3575-3578.
[13]Naonobu T, Takaaki K, et al. Petiolins A-C, phloroglucinol derivatives from Hypericum pseudopetiolatum var. [J]. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry,2008,16:5619-5623.
[14]Naonobu T, Mio O, et al. Petiolins J-M, prenylated acylphloroglucinols from Hypericum pseudopetiolatum var. kiusianum. [J]. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters,2010,20: 4451-4455.
[15]Sebastian S, Guido J, et al. Phloroglucinol derivatives from Hypericum empetrifolium with antiproliferative activity on endothelial cells [J]. Phytochemistry,2012,77:218-225.
[16]Naonobu T, Yoshiki K, et al. Tomoeones A-H, cytotoxic phloroglucinol derivatives from Hypericum ascyron. [J], Phytochemistry,2008,69:2225-2230.
[17]Kylie M, Elyse P, et al. Acylphloroglucinol and xanthones from Hypericum ellipticum [J]. Phytochemistry,2011,72:662-667.
[18]Wei-Dong Z, Peng F, et al. A new bisxanthone from Hypericum japonium [J]. Fitoterapia,2007, 78:74-75.
[19]Di H, Feng Y, et al. Sulfonated xanthones from Hypericum sampsonii [J]. Phytochemistry,2004, 65:2595-2598.
[20]Naonobu T, Yoshihisa T, et al. Xanthones from Hypericum chinense [J]. Phytochemistry,2006, 67:2146-2151.
[21]Naonobu T, Yoshiki K, et al. Xanthones from Hypericum chinense and their cytotoxicity evaluation [J]. Phytochemistry,2009,70:1456-1461.
[22]Kitanov GM, Nedialkov PT. Benzophenone O-glucoside, a biogenic precursor of 1,3,7-trioxygenated xanthones in Hypericum annulatum [J]. Phytochemisty,2001,57: 1237-1243.
[23]李勇,熊元君,等.金丝桃属植物的研究进展[J].新疆中医,2004,4(1)：55-58.
[24]Ozlem Demirkiran, M. Ahmed Mesaik, et al. Cellular reactive oxygen species inhibitory constituents of Hypericum thasium Griseb [J].Phytochemistry,2009,70:244-249.
[25]Bergonzi MC, Bilia AR, et al. Variability in the content of the constituents of Hypericum perforatum L. and some commercial extracts [J]. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2001,27:491-497.
[26]Paraskev T. N, Gerassim M. K, et al. Two benzophenone O-arabinosides and a chromone from Hypericum annulatum [J]. Phytochemistry,2002,59:867-871.
[27]Naonobu T, Yoshiki K, et al. Chromone and chromanone glucosides from Hypericum sikokumontanum and their anti-Helicobacter pylori activities [J]. Phytochemistry,2009,70: 141-146.
[28]Chung MI, Lai MH, et al. Phenolics from Hypericum geminiflorum [J]. Phytochemistry,1997, 44:943-947.
[29]Erika M, Koichi M, Masao K. Chemical constituents of Hypericum erectum Thunb [J]. J Nat Med,2008,62:467-469.
[30]刘一兵.贯叶金丝桃研究进展Ⅰ：原植物、采收、制剂和化学成分[J].国外医药·植物药分册,1998,13(3)：99-104.
[31]Hu LH, Yip SC, Sim KY. Xanthones from Hypericum ascyron [J]. Phytochemistry,1999,52: 1371-1373.
[32]Don MJ, Huang YJ, et al. New phenolic principles from Hyericum sampsonii [J]. Chem Pharm Bull,2004,52:866-869.
[33]EI-Seedi HR, Ringbom T, et al. Constitents of Hypericum laricifolium and their cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme activities [J]. Chem Pharm Bull,2003,51:1439-1440.
[34]Tao SH(陶曙红),Wu FE(吴凤锷)A new flavone from Hypericum wightianum [J]. J Asian Nat Prod Res,2004,6:307-310.
[35]Yin ZQ, Ye WC,et al. Studies on chemical constituents from Hypericum perforatum of China Origin [J]. J China Pharm Univ,2002,33:277-279.
[36]Farnet C, Wang B, et al. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 cDNA integration:New aromatic hydroxylated inhibitors and studies of the inhibition mechanism [J]. Antimicrob Abents Chemother,1998,42(9):2245-2253.
[37]Winnie Ka Po S, Simon G. Dibenzofuran and pyranone metabolites from Hypericum revolutum ssp. revolutum and Hypericum choisianum [J]. Phytochemistry,2009,70:403-406.
[38]Alexandre B.F., Ferraz, et al. Benzopyrans from Hypericum polyanthemum [J]. Phytochemistry, 2001,57:1227-1230.
[39]Pan YH(潘映红),Guo BL(郭宝林).国产金丝桃属药用植物资源现状及利用前景[J].JChina Med Mat,1993,16(3):14-18.
[40]顾丽贞,张宏彬.稳心草(赶山鞭)化学成分的研究[J].植物学报,1980,22(2)：151-155.
[41]Linde K, Ramirez H, et al. St. John's wort for depression:an overview and metanalysis of randomized clinical trials [J]. Br Med J,1996,313(7052):52-258.
[42]Evstifeeva V A, Sibiryak S V. Immunotropic properties of biologically active products obtained from St. John's wort(H. perforatum)[J], Eksp Klin Farmakol,1996,59(l):51-54.
[43]Meruelo D, Lavie G. Therapeutic agents dramatic antiretroviral activity and little toxicity at effective doses:Aromatic polycyclic diones hypericin and pseudohypericin [J]. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA,1988,85:5230-5234.
[44]Lavie, Gad, et al. proc.natl. Acadsci (USA),1989.
[45]Wrynn AS, Mac Sweeney CP, Franconi F, et al. An invivomagnetic resonance imaging study of the olfactory bulbectmizedrat model of depression [J]. Brain Res.,2000,879:193-199.
[46]Michel B, Elisabeth, Roger. Antidepressant-like activity of agomelatine in the forced swimming test in rodents:involvement of melatonin and serotonin receptors [J].Rev Psychiatr Neurosei., 2004,29 (2):126-133.
[47]Nicole L, McDonald MP, Lee EL. The a2A-Adrenergie Receptor Plays a Protective Role in Mouse Behavioral Models of Depression and Anxiety [J]. Neuroseienee,2001,21(13): 4875-4882.
[48]Vaugeois JM, E1 Yacoubi M. Costentin J. Comments on an Animal Model of depression [J]. Ann Pharm Fr.,2004,62(5):332-342.
[49]Besson A, Privat AM, Esehalier A. Reverse oflearned helplessness by morphinein rats: involvement of a dopamine mediation [J]. Pharmaeol Bioehem Behav.,1998,60(2):519-525.
[50]Roth KA, Katz RJ. Futher studies on a novel animal model of depression:Therapeutic effects of a tricyclic antidepressant [J]. Neurosci Biobehav Rev,1982,169(6):969-972.
[51]Forbes NF, Stewart CA, et al:chronic unpredictable mild stress and sucrose consumption: validity as a model of depression [J]. Physiol Behav.,1996,60:1481-1484.
[52]Silberg LC, Olson SL, et al. Altered hormone levels and circadian rhythm of activity in the WK Y rat, a putative animal model of depression [J]. Am Physiol Reful Integr Comphysiol.,2001, 281(3):786-794.
[53]Hennessy MB, Deak T, Schiml W PA. Stress induced sick ness behaviors:an ahernativehy pothesis for responses during maternal separation [J]. Dev Psychobiol.,2001,39:76-83.
[54]Galea LA, Wide JK, Barr AM., Estradiol alleviates depressive like symptoms in a novel animal model of post partum depression [J]. Behav Brain Res.,2001,122:1-9.
[55]Zhong ZQ, Zhao N, et al., Effect of inulin-type hexasaccharide on forced swimming tests in mices and rats and DRL72s in rats [J]. Chinese Pharmacological bulletin.,2001,17 (2): 164-167.
[56]Giulia Di C, Francesca B, et al. Is St John's wort a'Prozac-like'herbal antidepressant [J]. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences,2001,22(11):559.
[57]Bernd L. F, Rainer K, et al. Pharmacological studies in an herb-al drug combination of St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) and passion flower (Passiflora incarnata):In vitro and in vivo evidence of synergy between Hypericum and Passiflora in antidepressant pharmacological models [J]. Fitoterapia [J],2011,82:474-480.
[58]Siegfried K, Filippo C, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of Hypericum extract for the treatment of mild to moderate depression [J]. European Neuropsychopharmacology,2010,20:747-765.
[59]Lars B, Gunnar V, et al. Hypericum extract LI 160 and fluoxetine in mild to moderate depression [J]. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci,2005,55:40-47.
[60]S. Kasper, A. Dienel. Cluster analysis of symptoms during atidepressant treatment with Hypericum extract in mildly to moderately depressed out-patients. A meta-analysis of data from three randomized, placebo-controlled trials [J]. Psychopharmacology,2002,164:301-308.
[61]Alice V, JeanClaude do R, et al. The antidepressant-Iike effect of Hypericum caprifoliatum Cham & Schlecht (Guttiferae) on forced swimming test results from an inhibition of neuronal monoamine uptake [J]. Neuropharmacology,2005,49:1042-1052.
[62]C.C. Sanchez-Mateo, B. Prado, et al. Antidepressant effects of the methanol extract of several Hypericum species from the Canary Islands [J]. Journal of Ethnopharmacology,2002,79: 119-127.
[63]C.C. Sanchez-Mateo, C.X. Bonkanka, et al. Rabanal.Antidepressant properties of some Hypericum canariense L. and Hypericum glandulosum Ait. extracts in the forced swimming test in mice [J]. Journal of Ethnopharmacology,2005,97:541-547.
[64]C.C. Sanchez-Mateo, C.X. Bonkanka, et al. Antide-pressant activity of some Hypericum reflexum L. fil. Extracts in the forced swimming test in mice [J]. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2007,112:115-121.
[65]Y. Oztork, S. Aydin, et al. Effects of Hypericum perforatum L. and Hypericum calycinum L. extracts on the Central Nervous System in mice [J]. Phytomedicine,1996,3(2):139-146.
[66]Fulvio Rieli Mendes, Rita Mattei, et al. Activity of Hypericum brasiliense and Hypericum cordatum on the central Nervous system in rodents [J]. Fitoterapia,2002,73:462-471.
[67]Veronika B, Volker C, et al. Step by step removal of hyperforin and hypericin:activity profile of different Hypericum preparations in behavioral models [J]. Life Sciences,2003,73:627-639.
[68]Ana C. Stein, Alice F. Viana, et al. Uliginosin B, a phloroglucinol derivat-ive from Hypericum polyanthemum:A promising new molecular pattern for the development of antidepressant drugs [J]. Behavioural Brain Research,2012,228:66-73.
[69]G. Laakmann, A. Dienel, et al. Clinical significance of hyperforin for the efficacy of Hypericum extracts on depressive disorders of different Severities [J]. Phytomedicine,1998,5(6):435-442.
[70]Luigi C, Marco R, et al. Role of hyperforin in the antidepressant-like activity of Hypericum perforatum extracts [J]. Psychopharmacology,2002,164:423-428.
[71]Muller W E, Singer A, et al. Hyperforin represents the neurotransmitter reuptake inhibiting constituent of hypericum extract [J]. Pharmacopsychatry,1998,31(Suppl 1):54-59.
[72]Kaehler S T, Sinnner C, et al. Hyperforin enhances the extracellular concentractions of catecholamines, serotonin and glutamate in the rat locus coemleus [J]. Neurosci Lett,1999, 262(3):199-202.
[73]梁小燕.金丝桃属植物的研究进展[J].广西植物,1998,18(3)：256-262.
[74]C.M. Helgason, J.L. Wieseler Frank, et al. The effects of St. John's Wort{Hypericum perforatum) on NK cell activity in vitro [J]. Immunopharmacology,2000,46:247-251.
[75]Tiziana M, Marco G. The antidepressant mechanism of Hypericum perforatum [J]. Life Sciences,2004,75:1021-1027.
[76]Jean-Claude do R, Naima B, et al. Antidepressant-like effect of hyperfoliatin, a polyisoprenylated phloroglucinol derivative from Hypericum perfoliatum (Clusiaceae) is associated with an inhibition of neuronal monoamines uptake [J]. European Journal of Pharmacology,2007,569:197-203.
[77]A.G. Jensen, S.H. Hansen, et al. Adhyperforin as a Contributor to the effect of Hypericum perforatum L. in biochemical models of antidepressant activity [J]. LifeSciences,2001,68: 1593-1605.
[78]Francesca,B, Angelo A. I. Herb-Drug Interactions with St John's Wort(Hypericum perforatum):an Update on Clinical Observations.
[79]R. Scottobach. Inhibition of Human Cytochrome P450 Enzymes by Constituents of St. John's Wort, an Herbal Preparation Used in the Treatment of Depression. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimentics [J],2000,294:88-95.
[80]Reichling J, Weseler A. A current review of the antimicrobial activity of Hypericum perforatum L.[J]. Pharmacopsychiatry,2001,34 Suppl 1:116-118.
[81]Nseyo, U. O, Shiverick, K. T. et al. The dual effects of polar methanolic extract of Hypericum perforatum L. on bladder cancer cells. Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering,2007,6427.
[82]王晓利等.金丝桃素对HepG2细胞的体外杀伤效应的研究[J].时珍国医国药,2008,19(1)：69-71.
[83]齐建斌等.Hypericum sampsonii植物中作用于维甲酸X受体的抗肿瘤成分[J].大然产物研究与开发,2008,20(1)：129-130.
[84]Henry, Geneive E, et al. Anticancer studies of acylphloroglucinols from Hypericum densiflorum. Abstracts of Papers,235th ACS National Meeting, New Orleans, LA, United States, April 6-10, 2008, AGFD-046.
[85]Dongre, Santoshkumar H. et al. Antitumor activity of the methanol extract of Hypericum hookerianum stem against ehrlich ascites carcinoma in swiss albino mice [J]. Journal of Pharmacological Sciences,2007,103(4):354-359.
[86]Ferraz, Alexandre B. F. et al. Antitumor activity of three benzopyrans isolated from Hypericum polyanthemum [J]. Fitoterapia,2005,76(2):210-215.
[87]Ozmen Ali, Bauer Sabine, et al. In vitro anti-neoplastic activity of the ethno-pharmaceutical plant Hypericum adenotrichum Spach endemic to Western Turkey [J]. Oncology reports,2009, 22(4):845-52.
[88]Agostinis P, Vantieghem A, et al. Hypericin in cancer treatment:more light on the way[J]. Biochem. Cell Biol.,2002,34(3):221-241.
[89]Ali S M, Olivo M. Bio-distribution and subcellular localization of hypericin and its role in PDT induced apoptosis in cancer cells[J]. Oncol. Int,2002,21(3):531-540.
[90]白洁,杨得坡等.贯叶金丝桃素的化学不稳定性及药理活性.中草药,2004,35(3)：338-340.
[91]Neuwald F, Hagenstrom U. Studies on antibacterial effect of Hypericum perforatum L. [J]. Arch Pharm Ber Dtsch Pharm Ges,1954,287(8):439-441.
[92]Schempp CM, Pelz K, et al. Antibacterial activity of hyperforin from St John's wort against multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus and gram-positive bacteria [J]. Lancet,1999,353(9170): 2129.
[93]Yesilada E, Gurbuz I, et al. Screening of Turkishanti-ulcerogenic folk remedies for anti-Helicobacter pylori activity [J]. J Ethnopharmacol,1999,66(3):289-293.
[94]Yang X, Goncalves J, Gabuzda D. Phosphorylation of Vif and its role in HIV-1 replication[J]. Bio.Chem,1996,27(17):1021-1029.
[95]Kasper S. Hypericum perforatum-a review of clinical studies [J]. Pharmacopsychiatry,2001,34 Suppll:S51-S55.
[96]Pistelli L, Bertoli A, et al. Chemical and antibacterial evaluation of Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra. Phytother Res,2005,19(19):787-791.
[97]Males Z, Brantner AH, et al. Comparative phytochemicaland antimicrobial investigations of Hypericum perforatum L.subsp.perforatum and H. perforatum subsp. angustifolium (DC.) [J]. Gaudin.Acta Pharm,2006,56(3):359-367.
[98]李宏,姜怀春.贯叶连翘总提取物对11株致病细菌的抗菌作用[J].河南师范大学学报,2006,34(2)：98-102.
[99]李宏,姜怀春.贯叶连翘总提取物对致病细菌的抗菌作用[J].广西植物,2007,27(3)：466-468.
[100]李宏,姜怀春.贯叶连翘总提取物对黄色短杆菌的抗菌作用[J].广西植物,2005,25(4)：362-365.
[101]朱明等.毛金丝桃提取物的体外抗菌实验[J].时珍国医国药,2006,17(9)：1693-1694.
[102]Mu, Qing, Xiao, Zhiyong, et al. Solvent extraction method for preparing ent-7-epiclusianone from Hypericum sampsonii and its medical application as antibacterial agent for inhibiting methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Faming Zhuanli Shenqing,2008,8.
[103]郑清明.金丝桃属药用植物的生药学研究[J].上海：第二军医大学,2002.
[104]Al-Bakri AG, Afifi FU. Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of selectedplant extracts by rapid XTT colorimetry and bacterial enumeration [J].J Microbiol Methods,2007,68(1):19-25.
[105]Dulger B, Gonuz A. Antibacterial activity of the endemic Hypericum kazdaghensis [J]. Fitoterapia,2005,76(2):237-239.
[106]DallAgnol R, Ferraz A, et al. Antimicrobial activity ofsome Hypericum species [J]. Phytomedicine,2003,10(6/7):511-516.
[107]Rabanal RM, Arias A, et al. Antimicrobial studies on three species of Hypericum from the Canary Islands [J]. J Ethnopharmacol,2002,81(2):287-292.
[108]Mukherjee PK, Saritha GS, Suresh B. Antimicrobial potential of two different Hypericum species available in India [J]. Phytother Res,2002,16(7):692-695.
[109]Mukherjee PK, Saritha GS, et al. Antibacterial spectrum of Hypericum hookerianum [J]. Fitoterapia,2001,72(5):558-560.
[110]Hagenstrom, U et al. The occurrence of an antibacterial fraction in the capsules of some species of Hypericum. The occurrence of an antibacterial fraction in the capsules of some species of Hypericum [J]. Arzneimittel-Forschung,1955,5:55.
[111]Linde K. St John's wort-an overview [J]. Forsch Komplementmed,2009,16(3):146-155.
[112]余文海.圣约翰草提取物对具有多重耐药性的金黄色葡萄球菌和革兰阳性菌有抗菌作用[J].国外医学中医中药分册,2000,22(3)：186.
[113]Vajs V, Vugdelija S, et al. Further degradation product of hyperforin from Hypericum perforatun (St. John's Wort). Fitoterapia,2003,74(5):439-444.
[114]Hubner AT. Treatment with Hypericum perforatum L. does not triggerdecreased resistance in Staphylococcus aureus aginst antibiotics andhyperforin [J]. Phytomedicine,2003,10(2/3): 206-208.
[115]Gibbons S, Moser E, et al. An anti-staphylococcal acylphloroglucinol from Hypericum foliosum [J]. Phytochemistry,2005,66(12):1472-1475.
[116]Couladis M, Chinou IB, et al. Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Hypericum rumeliacum subsp. apollinis (Boiss. & Heldr.) [J]. Phytother Res,2003, 17(2):152-154.
[117]Toker Z, Kizil G, et al. Compositions and antimicrobial activities of the essential oils of two Hypericum species from Turkey [J]. Fitoterapia,2006,77(1):57-60.
[118]Schwob I, Bessiere JM, et al. Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Hypericum coris [J]. Fitoterapia,2002,73(6):511-513.
[119]Shiu WK, Gibbons S. Anti-staphylococcal acylphloroglucinols fromHypericum beanii [J]. Phytochemistry,2006,67(23):2568-2572.
[120]Shiu WK, Gibbons S. Dibenzofuran and pyranone metabolites from Hypericum revolutum ssp. revolutum and Hypericum choisianum [J]. Phytochemistry,2009,70(3):403-406.
[121]Tanaka N, Kashiwada Y, et al. Chromone and chromanone glucosides from Hypericum sikokumontanum and their anti-Helicobacter pylori activities [J]. Phytochemistry,2009,70(1): 141-146.
[122]Dall'agnol R, Ferraz A, et al. Bioassay-guided isolation of antimicrobial benzopyrans and phloroglucinol derivatives from Hypericum species [J]. Phytother Res,2005,19(4):291-293.
[123]Jayasuriya, Hiranthi, et al. Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of rottlerin-type compounds from Hypericum drummondii [J]. Journal of Natural Products,1989,52(2):325-31.
[124]Ishiguro, Kyoko et al. X-ray crystal structure of sarothralin, a novel antibiotic compound from Hypericum japonicum [J]. Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications,1985,1: 26-27.
[125]Negrash, A. K, Pochinok, et al. Comparative study of chemotherapeutic and pharmacological properties of antimicrobial preparations from common St. John's wort [C]. Fitontsidy, Mater. Soveshch.,6th,1972, Meeting Date 1969,198-200.
[126]Yin Z Q, Wang Y, Zhang D M, Ye W C, Zhao Sh X. Studies on chemical continents from Hypericum L.[J]. Chinese Wild Plant Res.,2004,23(1):6-7.
[1]吴立宏,胡海燕,黄世亮,等.连翘与贯叶连翘的本草考证[J].中国中药杂志,2002,27(8)：612-616.
[2]Pabst A, Barron D, et al., Two diastereomeric 3-oxo-α-ionol β-D-glucosides from Raspberry furit [J]. Phytochemistry,1992,31(5):1649.
[3]Yoshikawa M, Shimada H, et al., Medicinal foodstuffs, v.:Moroheiya.(1):absolute stereostructures of corchoionosides A, B, and C, histamine release inhibitors from the leaves of vietnamese corchorus olitorius L. (Tiliaceae)[J]. Chern. Pharrn. Bull,1997,45(3):464.
[4]Otsuka H, Yao M, et al. Alangionsides G-M:Glycosides of megastigmane derivatives from the leaves of Alangium premnifolium [J]. Chem. Pharm. Bull.,1995,43(5):754.
[5]Otsuka H, Takeuchi M, et al. Phenolic compounds from Coix lachryma-jobi var. Ma-yuen [J]. Phytochemisty,1989,28(3):883-886.
[6]Kitajima J, Ishikawa T, et al., Water-Soluble constituents of Fennel. V. glycosides of aromatic compounds [J]. Chem. Pharm. Bull.1998,46(10):1587.
[7]karina W, Jurgen S, Dieter S, et al. Profiling of phenylpropanoids in transgenic low-sinapine oilseed rape (Brassica napus) [J]. Phytochemistry,2010,71:1076-1084.
[8]Skalkos D, Tatsis E, et al. Towards a consensus structure of hypericin in solution:direct evidence for a single tautomer and different ionization states in protic and nonprotic solvents by the use of variable temperature gradient'H-NMR [J]. Tetrohedron,2002,58(4):4925.
[9]Wirza A, Simmen U, et al. Bisanthraquinone glycosides of Hypericum perforatum with binding inhibition to CRH-1 receptors[J]. Phytochemistry,2000,55:941.
[10]Marco JL. Iridoid glucosides of Pinguicula vulgaris.[J]. J Nat Prod,1985,48(2):338.
[11]Li-jie zhang, Xue-dong Yang, et al. Three new xanthones from the roots of Securidaca inappendiculata., Heterocycles,2005,65(7):1685-1690.
[12]杨晓军,涂院海.黄花铁线莲新鲜全草化学成分研究[J].天然产物研究与开发.2011,23：1051-1054.
[13]Kenji T, Yoshihito K, et al. A study of biflavanones from the stems of Garcznza kola(Guttiferae) [J].Heterocycles.,1999,50(1):283-290.
[14]周容,波拉提·马卡比力,等,新疆蓝刺头化学成分研究[J],西北植物学报,2011,31(3)：616-619.
[15]曹俊伟,王宝源,钟惠民.虎尾草化学成分的研究[J].青岛科技大学学报(自然科学版),2011,32(3)：268-271.
[16]王静,彭树林,等.金丝桃的化学成分[J],中国中药杂志,2002,27(2)：120-122.
[17]Lin, C.N., Chung, M.L. et al. Synthesis and anti-inflammatory effects of xanthone derivatives [J]. J.Pharm. Pharmacol.1996.48:532-538.
[18]张小坡,张俊清,等.黎药牛耳枫化学成分研究[J].中国现代中药,2011,13(10)：26-29
[19]王永刚,淡墨,等.猴耳环化学成分的研究[J].中药材,2005,28(9)：774-775
[20]Watanabe M, Ohshita Y, et al. Antioxidant compounds from buckwheat(Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) Hulls [J]. J Agric Food Chem,1997,45:1039-1044.
[21]Yang-Chang WU, Hang-Ching LIN, et al. Glycosides from Paeonia suffruticosa. [J]. Chern. Pharrn. Bull.,1999,47(5):652-655.
[22]许琼明,石峰,等.瘤果紫玉盘叶中的黄酮类成分[J].沈阳药科大学学报,2006,23(5)：277-279.
[23]汤海峰,易杨华,姚新生,等.褐藻果叶马尾藻化学成分的研究[J].中国海洋药物,2002, 21(6)：11-15.
[24]张晓琦,殷志琦,叶文才等.赤芝子实体化学成分的研究[J].中草药,2005,36(11)：1601.
[25]刘静,杜丹,司伊康,等.Mo2(OAc)4试剂在邻二醇类结构绝对构型确定中的应用[J].有机化学,2010,30(9)：1270-1278.
[1]米吉提·胡达拜尔地,徐建国.新疆高等植物检索表[M],新疆大学出版社,335.
[2]熊元君,李勇,等.腺点金丝桃挥发油化学成分分析[J].中成药,2006,28(6)：865-867.
[3]Naonobu T, Yoshihisa T, et al. Prenylated Benzophenones and Xanthones from Hypericum scabrum. [J]. Journal of Natural Products,2004,67(11):1870-1875.
[4]Michiko M, Yoshihisa T, et al. Benzoylphloroglucinol derivatives from Hypericum scabrum. [J]. Journal of Natural Products,2002,65(3):290-294.
[5]Luigi C, Marco R, et al. Role of hyperforin in the antidepressant-like activity of Hypericum perforatum extracts [J]. Psychopharmacology,2002,164:423-428.
[6]Muller W E, Singer A, et al. Hyperforin represents the neurotransmitter reuptake inhibiting constituent of hypericum extract [J]. Pharmacopsychatry,1998,31 (Suppl 1):54-59.
[7]Kaehler S T, Sinnner C, et al. Hyperforin enhances the extracellular concentractions of catecholamines, serotonin and glutamate in the rat locus coemleus [J]. Neurosci Lett,1999, 262(3):199-202.
[8]C.M. Helgason, J.L. Wieseler Frank, et al. The effects of St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) on NK cell activity in vitro [J]. Immunopharmacology,2000,46:247-251.
[9]J.R.Weng, L.T Tsao, et al. J. Nat. Prod.2004,67:1796-1799.
[10]Jien Wu, Xiao-Fang Cheng, et al. A phloroglucinol derivative with a new carbon skeleton from Hypericum perforatum (Guttiferae) [J], Tetrahedron Letters,2004,45:9657-9659.
[11]Luisella V, Glovanni A, et al. Furohyperforin, a Prenylated Phloroglucinol from St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum), J. Nat. Prod.1999,62:770-772.
[12]Luisella V, Glovanni A, et al. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Hyperforin Analogues. Part I. Modification of the Enolized Cyclohexanedione Moiety [J]. J.N.P,2002,65(4):433-438.
[13]Luisella V, Glovanni A, et al. Hyperforin Analogues from St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) [J], J. Nat. Prod.,2000,63(3),412-415.
[14]Ming De Shan, Li Hong Hu, et al. Three New Hyperforin Analogues from Hypericum perforatum. [J]. J. Nat. Prod.2001,64,127-130.
[15]Naonobu T, Yuka K, et al. Yezo'otogirins A-C, new tricyclic terpenoids from Hypericum yezoense [J]. Tetrahedron Letters,2009,50:4747-4750.
[16]V. Vajs, S.Vugdelija, et al. Further degradation product of hyperforin from Hypericum perforatum (St. John's Wort) [J]. Fitoterapia,2003,74:439-444.
[17]Chika H, Naonobu T, et al. Prenylated Phloroglucinol Derivatives from Hypericum perforatum var. angustifolium [J], Chem. Pharm. Bull.,2008,56(8):1164-1167.
[18]Snezana T, Vlatka V, et al. Oxidation products of hyperforin from Hypericum perforatum [J], Phytochemistry,1998,49(5):1305-1310.
[19]Ming De Shan, Li Hong HU, Zhong Liang CHEN, Pyrohyperforin, A new prenylated phloroglucinol from Hypericum perforatum [J], Chinese Chemical Letters,2000,11(8):701-704.
[20]Wolfgang K. Giersch, F. Boschung, et al.4. Thermoconversion of Caryophyllene-to Farnesene-Type Sesquiterpenes. Short Access to the Enantiomers of (6RS,7RS)-and (6RS,7SR)-6,7-Epoxy-6,7-dihydro-farnesenes [J]. Helv. Chim. Acta.,1994,77:36-40.
[21]石大永,韩丽君,等.海藻基根硬毛藻的化学成分研究[J1,中国中药杂志.,2005,30(5)：347-350.
[22]马柱坤,戴源,等.高山大戟化学成分的研究[J].西北药学杂志,2012,27(1)：125
[23]赵天增.核磁共振氢谱.北京大学出版社,北京,1983：96
[24]Jien Wu, Keng-Yeow Sim, et al. A phloroglucinol derivative with a new carbon skeleton from Hypericum perforatum (Guttiferae) [J], Tetrahedron Letters,2004,45:9657-9659.
[25]L.Beerhues, Molecules of Interest Hyperforin[J], Phytochemistry,2006,67:2201-2207.