贯通式同相供电系统电能变换设备保护方案研究
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摘要
由于牵引供电系统结构和负荷的特殊性,产生了负序、无功和谐波以及存在“过分相”等问题,严重制约了高速、重载铁路的发展。采用基于电能变换设备的贯通式同相供电系统,可以消除负序、补偿无功并实现较小的谐波畸变率,不仅能从根本上解决牵引供电系统的电能质量问题,还取消了线路中的电分相,是一种理想的牵引供电形式。
首先论文在介绍基于“背靠背”潮流控制器的同相供电系统的基础上,讨论了贯通式同相供电系统的结构原理以及实现方法,分析了其馈线调压和容量优化原理,给出了作为其核心的静止电能变换器的结构和变换原理,并提出了一种可行的贯通式同相供电方式下牵引变电所的主结构方案。
静止电能变换器的控制可以分解成三相整流单元和单相逆变单元的控制,论文先后讨论了三相整流器和单相逆变器数学模型的建立以及控制系统的设计,并仿真分析了控制策略的正确性和可行性。
然后对电能变换设备的各种可能故障情况进行了分析,讨论了静止电能变换器对三相整流变压器、单相升压变压器和馈线保护的影响。在此基础上,论文提出了一种能够满足电能变换设备保护选择性的保护方案,并为三相整流变压器、单相升压变压器和静止电能变换器设置了相应的保护配置。
最后在MATLAB/Simulink中建立了贯通式同相供电系统的仿真模型,对其在纯有功负载、整流型负载、空载、负载突变情况下,以及三相整流变压器低压侧故障、静止电能变换器内部故障、牵引网故障情况下分别进行了仿真分析,仿真结果验证了贯通式同相供电系统的可行性和电能变换设备保护方案的正确性。
The structure of electric traction power supply system and its single-phase load result in problems of negative sequence, reactive power, harmonics and crossing neutral sections, which seriously influence the development of railway high-speed and overloading. The continuous cophase power supply system based on electrical conversion equipment can eliminate negative sequence, compensate reactive power and achieve smaller harmonic distortion, not only fundamentally solve the power quality of traction power supply system, also eliminate neutral sections of the traction network, and is an ideal form of traction power supply.
First, based on the introduction of cophase power supply system of the two single-phase converters, the composition and implementation of continuous cophase power supply system are discussed, the principle of feeder voltage regulation and capacity optimization are analyzed, the structure and transformation principle of static power converter are studied, and a feasible program of the main structure of traction substation under continuous cophase power supply system is proposed.
The control of static power converter can be resolved into the control of three-phase rectifier and single-phase inverter, in the paper the establishment of mathematical model and control system design of the three-phase rectifier and single-phase inverter are discussed, then the correctness and feasibility of the control strategy are simulated and analyzed.
Afterwards, a variety of possible fault to electrical conversion equipment are analyzed, and the influences of static power converter on three-phase rectifier transformers, single-phase stet-up transformer and feeder protection are discussed. Then, a set of protection scheme for electrical conversion equipment is presented, which can satisfy the selectivity of protection, furthermore, a corresponding protection scheme for three-phase rectifier transformer, single-phase stet-up transformer and static power converter is set.
Finally, under MATLAB/Simulink continuous cophase power supply system is modeled, the operation behaviors of continuous cophase power supply system is simulated and analyzed in many conditions, such as pure active load operation, rectifier load operation, no-load operation, load changing operation, low-voltage side fault of three-phase rectifier transformers, static power converter fault and traction line fault. Simulation results show the feasibility of continuous cophase power supply system and the correctness of protection scheme for electrical conversion equipment.
首先论文在介绍基于“背靠背”潮流控制器的同相供电系统的基础上,讨论了贯通式同相供电系统的结构原理以及实现方法,分析了其馈线调压和容量优化原理,给出了作为其核心的静止电能变换器的结构和变换原理,并提出了一种可行的贯通式同相供电方式下牵引变电所的主结构方案。
静止电能变换器的控制可以分解成三相整流单元和单相逆变单元的控制,论文先后讨论了三相整流器和单相逆变器数学模型的建立以及控制系统的设计,并仿真分析了控制策略的正确性和可行性。
然后对电能变换设备的各种可能故障情况进行了分析,讨论了静止电能变换器对三相整流变压器、单相升压变压器和馈线保护的影响。在此基础上,论文提出了一种能够满足电能变换设备保护选择性的保护方案,并为三相整流变压器、单相升压变压器和静止电能变换器设置了相应的保护配置。
最后在MATLAB/Simulink中建立了贯通式同相供电系统的仿真模型,对其在纯有功负载、整流型负载、空载、负载突变情况下,以及三相整流变压器低压侧故障、静止电能变换器内部故障、牵引网故障情况下分别进行了仿真分析,仿真结果验证了贯通式同相供电系统的可行性和电能变换设备保护方案的正确性。
The structure of electric traction power supply system and its single-phase load result in problems of negative sequence, reactive power, harmonics and crossing neutral sections, which seriously influence the development of railway high-speed and overloading. The continuous cophase power supply system based on electrical conversion equipment can eliminate negative sequence, compensate reactive power and achieve smaller harmonic distortion, not only fundamentally solve the power quality of traction power supply system, also eliminate neutral sections of the traction network, and is an ideal form of traction power supply.
First, based on the introduction of cophase power supply system of the two single-phase converters, the composition and implementation of continuous cophase power supply system are discussed, the principle of feeder voltage regulation and capacity optimization are analyzed, the structure and transformation principle of static power converter are studied, and a feasible program of the main structure of traction substation under continuous cophase power supply system is proposed.
The control of static power converter can be resolved into the control of three-phase rectifier and single-phase inverter, in the paper the establishment of mathematical model and control system design of the three-phase rectifier and single-phase inverter are discussed, then the correctness and feasibility of the control strategy are simulated and analyzed.
Afterwards, a variety of possible fault to electrical conversion equipment are analyzed, and the influences of static power converter on three-phase rectifier transformers, single-phase stet-up transformer and feeder protection are discussed. Then, a set of protection scheme for electrical conversion equipment is presented, which can satisfy the selectivity of protection, furthermore, a corresponding protection scheme for three-phase rectifier transformer, single-phase stet-up transformer and static power converter is set.
Finally, under MATLAB/Simulink continuous cophase power supply system is modeled, the operation behaviors of continuous cophase power supply system is simulated and analyzed in many conditions, such as pure active load operation, rectifier load operation, no-load operation, load changing operation, low-voltage side fault of three-phase rectifier transformers, static power converter fault and traction line fault. Simulation results show the feasibility of continuous cophase power supply system and the correctness of protection scheme for electrical conversion equipment.
引文
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[2]张秀峰.高速铁路同相AT牵引供电系统研究[D].西南交通大学博士研究生学位论文,2006.
[3]李群湛.我国高速铁路牵引供电发展的若干关键技术问题[J].铁道学报,2010,32(4)：119-124.
[4]Jian Xie, Andriy Zynovchenko, Feng Li, et al. Converter control and stability of the 110-kV railway grid with the increasing use of the static frequency converters. Power Electronics and Applications,2005 European Conference,2005:P.1-P.8.
[5]M.Aeberhard, C.Courtois, P.Ladoux. Railway Traction Power Supply from the state of the art to future trends. Power Electronics Electrical Drives Automation and Motion(SPEEDAM),2010:1350-1355.
[6]Martin Oettmeier, Carsten Heising, Roman Bartelt, et al. Flux-Based Multivariable Control of a Static Converter Feeding a 16.7-Hz Single-Phase Load. Industrial Electronics, 2009,35th Annual Conference of IEEE,2009:492-497.
[7]Jens Ranneberg. Transformerless Topologies for Future Stationary AC-Railway Power Supply. Power Electronics and Applications,2007 European Conference,2007:1-11.
[8]谢杰.同相供电变电所设备容量和补偿特性的研究[D].西南交通大学硕士研究生学位论文,2010.
[9]魏光,李群湛,黄军,等.新型同相牵引供电系统方案[J].电力系统自动化,2008,32(10)：80-83.
[10]吕晓琴,张秀峰.基于有源滤波器的V/x结线的同相牵引供电系统[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2006,18(6)：73-78.
[11]张秀峰,高仕斌,钱清泉,等.基于阻抗匹配平衡变压器和AT供电方式的新型同相牵引供电系统[J].铁道学报,2006,28(4)：32-37.
[12]张秀峰,连级三.基于斯科特变压器的新型同相AT牵引供电系统[J].机车电传动,2006(4)：14-18.
[13]夏焰坤,李群湛,邹大云.一种基于有源滤波器的同相牵引供电方案[J].电网技术,2010,34(10)：131-134.
[14]韩正庆,刘淑萍,魏昕,等.同相供电设备有功功率差动保护研究[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(16)：82—86.
[15]魏听.同相供电系统继电保护方案设计[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2011.
[16]曾国宏,郝荣泰.基于有源滤波器和阻抗匹配平衡变压器的同相牵引供电系统[J].铁道学报,2003,25(3)：49—54.
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[20]Zeng Guohong, Zheng Qionglin, Hao Rongtai. Topology and Control Strategy of A Novel APF Based Traction Supply System.2002 IEEE Region 10 Conference on Computers, Communications, Control and Power Engineering, Beijing,2002:2087 - 2090.
[21]Zeng Guohong, Hao Rongtai. Analysis and Design ofAn Active Power Filter for Three-Phase Balanced Electrified Railway Power Supply System. The 5th International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive System, Novotel Apollo Hotel, Singapore,2003: 1510-1513.
[22]S.T.Senini, P.J.Wolfs. Novel Topology for Correction of Unbalance Load In Single Phase Electric Traction Systems. IEEE 33rd Annual Power Electronics Specialist Conference, Australia,2002:1208-1212.
[23]Tetsuo UZUKA, Shouji JKEDO, Keiji UEDA. A Static Voltage Fluctuation Compensator for AC Electric Railway. IEEE 35th Annual Power Electronics Specialist Conference, Germany,2004:1869-1873.
[24]Pee-Chin Tan, RobertE.Morrison, Donald Grahame Holmes. Voltage Form Factor Control and Reactive Power Compensation in a 25-kV Electrified Railway System Using a Shunt Active Filter Based on Voltage Detection. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, March-April 2003,39 (2):575 - 580.
[25]Zhou Sun, Xinjian Jiang, Dongqi Zhu, Guixin Zhang. A Novel Active Power Quality Compensator Topology for Electrified Railway. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, July 2004,19 (4):1036-1041.
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