弧形防浪墙水动力特性的试验研究与数值模拟
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摘要
弧形防浪墙与传统的直立式防浪墙相比,具有能显著减少越浪量、降低防波堤堤顶高程、增强堤防景观效果等优点,因而近年来在港口和海岸工程中得到了广泛的关注。研究成果和工程实践表明,当波浪行进到防波堤前由于受浅水变形和结构物反射作用的影响,已发生较大变形或者破碎,堤前波浪形态十分复杂。目前关于弧形防浪墙的水动力学特性还缺乏系统的研究,开展波浪与弧形防浪墙的相互作用研究具有重要的科学价值和实际意义。
本文应用物理模型试验和数值模拟相结合的手段,对不同结构型式弧形防浪墙所受到的波浪作用进行了较为系统地研究。
通过物理模型试验开展了不同参数的波浪对不同结构型式弧形防浪墙的作用研究,分别对不同结构型式的直立堤弧形防浪墙和斜坡堤弧形胸墙所受到的波浪作用的试验数据进行了统计分析,讨论了波浪压强在直立堤弧形防浪墙和斜坡堤弧形胸墙迎浪面的分布特征,以及波浪压强与入射波波高H、波浪周期T的关系；比较了不同结构型式的斜坡堤弧形胸墙上波浪压强的分布特点；分析了入射波相对波高H/d、相对波长L/d、弧形防浪墙结构型式等因素对直立堤弧形防浪墙和斜坡堤弧形胸墙迎浪面所受到的波浪力和波浪力矩的影响；讨论了斜坡坡度对斜坡堤弧形胸墙迎浪面所受到的波浪力和波浪力矩的影响。
提出了能够求解具有复杂边界形状结构物的强非线性自由表面流动问题的BFC-VOF算法。在贴体坐标系下,以连续方程和雷诺方程为基本控制方程,采用k-ε湍流模型来封闭方程组,修正了基于交错网格的贴体坐标系下的SIMPLE算法来迭代求解压力—速度场,修正了贴体坐标系下的界面跟踪方法,建立了基于BFC-VOF方法求解波浪对弧形防浪墙结构作用的数值计算模型。应用物理模型试验结果对所建立的数值模型进行了验证；通过数值计算对弧形防浪墙结构附近的流场变化特性进行了数值分析,讨论了圆弧半径对弧形防浪墙结构所受波浪力和波浪力矩的影响。
Compared with the solid conventional structure, the arc crown wall, which can reduce significantly overtopping, the crest level of the breakwater and enhancing the landscape of the embankment, is concerned widely in the port and coastal engineering in recent years. Research and engineering practices show that the wave feature in front of the breakwater is very complex and it has large deformations or has broken due to the influence of deformation of wave in shallow water and the reflection of the arc crown wall when the wave reaches the breakwater. In the present study, the hydrodynamic characteristic on the arc crown wall is still rare. So the research on the interactions between waves and the arc crown wall is important and has practical significance.
This paper presents the experimental investigation of the different arc crown walls, and also the contrastive analysis by the numerical simulation results.
The experimental investigation of the different arc crown walls is developed in regular wave. The wave pressures on the arc crown walls of vertical and sloping breakwater are systematically analyzed. The distribution characteristics are given for the wave pressures along the surface of the arc crown walls of vertical and sloping breakwater. The relations between wave pressures and the wave height H, the wave period T are presented. The distribution features of wave pressures on the different arc crown walls of sloping breakwater are compared. The effect of the parameters such as the relative height Hid, the relative wave length L/d, the shape of the arc crown wall on the wave force and wave moment on the arc crown walls of vertical and sloping breakwater are analyzed. The impact of the slope on the wave force and wave moment on the arc crown wall of the sloping breakwater is discussed.
The BFC-VOF method for solving the problems of viscous flows with nonlinear free surfaces and the structure with complicated boundary shape is proposed. In the BFC system, the governing equations contain continuity equation and Reynolds equations. Two equations κ—ε model is used to close the equations. The transformed SIMPLE algorithm in the BFC system based staggered grid is proposed to correct the pressure-velocity field. The transformed VOF method is used to trace the free surface in BFC system. The numerical model based on BFC-VOF method is established to solve the wave force on the arc crown wall. The BFC model is verified by the experimental results. Meanwhile, the numerical analysis on the characteristics of flow fields near the arc crown wall is carried out by the BFC model. The effect of the arc radius on the wave force and wave moment on the arc crown wall is discussed.
本文应用物理模型试验和数值模拟相结合的手段,对不同结构型式弧形防浪墙所受到的波浪作用进行了较为系统地研究。
通过物理模型试验开展了不同参数的波浪对不同结构型式弧形防浪墙的作用研究,分别对不同结构型式的直立堤弧形防浪墙和斜坡堤弧形胸墙所受到的波浪作用的试验数据进行了统计分析,讨论了波浪压强在直立堤弧形防浪墙和斜坡堤弧形胸墙迎浪面的分布特征,以及波浪压强与入射波波高H、波浪周期T的关系；比较了不同结构型式的斜坡堤弧形胸墙上波浪压强的分布特点；分析了入射波相对波高H/d、相对波长L/d、弧形防浪墙结构型式等因素对直立堤弧形防浪墙和斜坡堤弧形胸墙迎浪面所受到的波浪力和波浪力矩的影响；讨论了斜坡坡度对斜坡堤弧形胸墙迎浪面所受到的波浪力和波浪力矩的影响。
提出了能够求解具有复杂边界形状结构物的强非线性自由表面流动问题的BFC-VOF算法。在贴体坐标系下,以连续方程和雷诺方程为基本控制方程,采用k-ε湍流模型来封闭方程组,修正了基于交错网格的贴体坐标系下的SIMPLE算法来迭代求解压力—速度场,修正了贴体坐标系下的界面跟踪方法,建立了基于BFC-VOF方法求解波浪对弧形防浪墙结构作用的数值计算模型。应用物理模型试验结果对所建立的数值模型进行了验证；通过数值计算对弧形防浪墙结构附近的流场变化特性进行了数值分析,讨论了圆弧半径对弧形防浪墙结构所受波浪力和波浪力矩的影响。
Compared with the solid conventional structure, the arc crown wall, which can reduce significantly overtopping, the crest level of the breakwater and enhancing the landscape of the embankment, is concerned widely in the port and coastal engineering in recent years. Research and engineering practices show that the wave feature in front of the breakwater is very complex and it has large deformations or has broken due to the influence of deformation of wave in shallow water and the reflection of the arc crown wall when the wave reaches the breakwater. In the present study, the hydrodynamic characteristic on the arc crown wall is still rare. So the research on the interactions between waves and the arc crown wall is important and has practical significance.
This paper presents the experimental investigation of the different arc crown walls, and also the contrastive analysis by the numerical simulation results.
The experimental investigation of the different arc crown walls is developed in regular wave. The wave pressures on the arc crown walls of vertical and sloping breakwater are systematically analyzed. The distribution characteristics are given for the wave pressures along the surface of the arc crown walls of vertical and sloping breakwater. The relations between wave pressures and the wave height H, the wave period T are presented. The distribution features of wave pressures on the different arc crown walls of sloping breakwater are compared. The effect of the parameters such as the relative height Hid, the relative wave length L/d, the shape of the arc crown wall on the wave force and wave moment on the arc crown walls of vertical and sloping breakwater are analyzed. The impact of the slope on the wave force and wave moment on the arc crown wall of the sloping breakwater is discussed.
The BFC-VOF method for solving the problems of viscous flows with nonlinear free surfaces and the structure with complicated boundary shape is proposed. In the BFC system, the governing equations contain continuity equation and Reynolds equations. Two equations κ—ε model is used to close the equations. The transformed SIMPLE algorithm in the BFC system based staggered grid is proposed to correct the pressure-velocity field. The transformed VOF method is used to trace the free surface in BFC system. The numerical model based on BFC-VOF method is established to solve the wave force on the arc crown wall. The BFC model is verified by the experimental results. Meanwhile, the numerical analysis on the characteristics of flow fields near the arc crown wall is carried out by the BFC model. The effect of the arc radius on the wave force and wave moment on the arc crown wall is discussed.
引文
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