右江盆地地质热事件及其在卡林型金矿成矿中的意义
|
摘要
本文运用区域成矿学、矿床有机地球化学、盆地沉积-构造演化与成矿、矿床地质地球化学和大地构造与边缘成矿等理论,对右江盆地沉积-构造演化历史以及与之伴生的地质热事件进行系统研究,探讨地质热事件的类型、特点、成生机制,分析矿床中的有机质、有机质对于地质热事件的示踪意义及其在金成矿中的作用,讨论桂西北卡林型金矿成矿与有机质、与地质热事件的关系以及金的成矿机理,总结桂西北成矿区卡林型金矿的时空分布特点及成矿规律,并在综合研究的基础上进行找矿前景评价。主要取得了以下主要认识和研究成果：
1、以“热源”为主线,以地质热事件为关键因素,系统研究右江盆地沉积-构造演化过程中与之伴生的地质热事件及其成矿、控矿意义。
在右江盆地沉积-构造演化过程中,与卡林型金矿成矿作用有关的地质热事件主要是沉积地层的深埋地热增温、大地构造位置及构造运动、岩浆-火山活动以及热液活动。其中,最重要、最直接的热事件是沉积地层的深埋地热增温。对于成矿物质的初步富集、再次分配、活化转移、重新改造都发挥过不同意义的直接与间接作用,为“成矿地质热事件”。
2、综合评价了右江盆地沉积地层深埋增温作用及其地质热事件。
右江盆地演化相应经历了泥盆纪-早二叠世被动大陆边缘裂谷盆地阶段、晚二叠世-早三叠世弧后盆地阶段和中三叠世-晚三叠世早期挤压拗陷盆地阶段,晚三叠世后陆内挤压褶皱隆升成陆。右江盆地在海西期和印支期沉积最大厚度可近万米(或中、下三叠统地层的最大厚就可达万米)。按照地热增温率为3～5℃/100m来计算,右江盆地底部的温度可高达300～500℃(或三叠系地层底部的地温就可达到300～500℃)。因此,在桂西北地区卡林型金矿成矿的地质时期,右江盆地地层深埋地热温度完全可以满足卡林型金矿床成矿作用的需要。
3、探讨了桂西北右江盆地沉积-构造演化过程中岩浆-火山活动的性质以及地质热事件的成矿控矿意义。
桂西北地区卡林型金的成矿作用主要发生于印支晚期-燕山早期,由岩浆-火山活动所产生的地质热事件,其成矿意义主要表现在两个方面：(1)形成矿源层。(2)提供热能和热液。
4、综合分析了右江盆地热液活动的特点及地质热事件意义。
根据桂西北地区卡林型金矿床的地质、地球化学综合研究结果可知,在桂西北卡林型金矿床形成过程中,成矿流体主要是盆地热卤水。矿物流体包裹体以及煤层最大镜质组反射率研究结果标明,桂西北卡林型金矿的成矿温度范围主要分布于100～350℃区段,显示了地质热事件的存在。
5、采用矿床学及矿床地球化学的最新理论,在前人研究的基础上,进行综合归纳,将桂西北金矿床的成因归类为与盆地热卤水成矿有关的“卡林型金矿”。
6、探讨了右江盆地卡林型金矿床中的有机质及其地质热事件的示踪意义和成矿意义。右江盆地金矿床中的有机质有原生型干酪根和迁移型有机流体,有机碳含量为0.18%～2.95%,平均为0.97%。原生有机质为Ⅱ型干酪根,有少量Ⅰ型干酪根。导致右江盆地有机质发生成熟异常的地质热事主要是沉积地层的深埋导致地热增温,而与岩浆侵入、火山喷发、构造挤压、变质破坏和放射性元素蜕变等地质热事件的影响效果明显不同。
7、研究了有机质及其热成熟产物的成矿意义。生物标志化合物研究结果表明,在成矿过程中有下渗大气降水以及细菌类微生物的参与,也有从他地迁移来的有机流体的掺和。这表明金的成矿机理包含了不同物化性质流体的混合作用,成矿反应时的温度不高,一般不应高于100℃；成矿时深度不大,不应超过2000m深。
8、根据氢-氧同位素地球化学研究,确定了右江盆地演化以及以大气降水为主要水源的特点。桂西北卡林型金矿床标本氢-氧同位素地球化学研究表明桂西北卡林型金矿床成矿过程中的水溶液主要是盆地热卤水,表明成矿过程以大气降水为主,有少量岩浆水和变质溶液或地层水的掺和。
9、通过对桂西北主要矿床的硫-铅-碳稳定同位素以及围岩蚀变、矿石特征、流体包裹体、浆活动和古地热场研究,确定了桂西北卡林型金矿床金等成矿物质主要来源于盆内地层中的矿质,盆地内存在一套成矿物质相对富集的矿源层。矿石中的硫主要来自围岩地层,部分来自地层有机质,部分是深部来源。这些特征表明高龙矿区的铅主要来自上部地壳,即来源于沉积岩地层,小部分来源于造山带,在以地层来源为主的基础上,混入了少量的深源造山带铅。
10、系统研究了桂西北卡林型金矿床中的输矿通道和赋矿空间。桂西北卡林型金矿床的成矿作用和矿床的时空分布,均受到该地区多级、各种类型构造的控制。
在区域性范围内,桂西北地区位于扬子准地台与华南褶皱系西南缘的结合部位,其大地构造位置处于板块构造的边缘；桂西北深大断裂构造发育,有右江断裂、南丹-昆仑关断裂、田林-巴马断裂和巴马-乐业隐伏断裂等大型构造,它们控制了右江盆地和金矿带的形成。古陆边缘是地壳的构造薄弱地带,是壳幔沟通的窗口和通道,其壳幔边界处于开放状态。在古陆边缘,壳幔之间双向物质交换与混合作用活跃、能量交换与转换作用强烈,构造运动频繁,成岩成矿作用显著,往往能形成多种多样的成矿系统。
11、探讨了桂西北地区各个地层不整合面的特点及其控矿意义。在矿区范围,在桂西北D-∈、C1-D3、P2-P1、T1-T2和T2-T1等之间5个地层不整合面及其复合断层、切层断层、层间破碎带,控制了桂西北卡林型金矿床的分布规律和矿体的产出部位。矿体主要产于沉积间断面上,呈似层状、透镜状,有的呈藤瓜组合形式。部份产于间断面上盘的断层或层间破碎带中,呈脉状、似层状等。
12、以成矿地质热事件为主导因素,确定成矿模式。桂西北卡林型金矿床的形成过程和成矿模式,可以分为初始聚集期、盆地流体期、成矿作用期、和表生风化期。
13、系统总结了桂西北地区卡林型金矿控矿地质因素,提出了5个成矿预测区,总结了预测区成矿模式和找矿标志,提出了预测区圈定方法及原则,并划定了预测靶区。
This article applies the theory of regional metallogeny,deposit organic geochemistry,basin sediment-tectonic evolution and mineralization,deposit geology geochemistry and geotectonic marginal mineralization etc to the systematic study of Youjiang basin sediment-tectonic evolution history and its associated geological thermal events,then investgating the geological thermal events type,characteristics and the formation mechanism, analyzing the organics in deposits which have the tracer significance in the geological thermal events and play an important role in gold mineralization,discussing the relationship between Carlin-type gold deposits in northwestern Guangxi mineralization and the organics and the geological thermal events as well as the minerogenetic mechanism of gold, summarizing the time-space distribution feature and the metallogenic regularity of Carlin-type gold deposits in northwestern Guangxi metallogenic province,Finally evaluating the ore-finding prospects based on the comprehensive research.The main cognitive and research results are as follows:
1.With heat source as the main line and geological thermal events as the key factors, we research the Youjiang basin's sedimentary-tectonic evolution process and the associated geological thermal event, mineralization, ore-controlling significance systematically.
In the process of Youjiang basin's sedimental-tectonic evolution,the main geological thermal events related with the mineralization of Carlin-type gold deposits are deep buried sedimentary stratas'geothermal gradient,geotectonic position and tectonic movement,magma-volcanic activity as well as hydrothermal activity.Among them, the deep buried sedimentary stratas'geothermal gradient is the most important and direct thermal event, for the metallogenic materials preliminary enrichment,second distribution,remobilization,reconstruction,It play a different meaning of direct and indirect effect, as "the geological thermal events of mineralization".
2.This paper comprehensive evaluated the deep buried constructive role and geological thermal events of sedimentary statum in the Youjiang basin.
The evolution of Youjiang basin had experienced Passive continental margin rift basin stage of Devonian-Early Permian, back-arc basin stage of Late Permian-early Triassic, extrusion and downwarping basin stage of In Triassic-late Triassic, after the late Triassic intracontinental extrusion fold uplift into land. The maximum thickness of sedimentation belonging to Youjiang basin can be nearly meters (or The lower and middle Triassic formation of maximum thickness can be CTKM meters). According to the geothermal gradient for3～5°C/100m to calculate, the Youjiang basin bottom temperature can be up to300～500°C (or Trias formation at the bottom of the ground temperature can reach300～500°C). Therefore, the Metallogenic geologic time belonging to Carlin-type gold deposits in the region of the northwest of Guangxi, the Youjiang basin formation deep buried geothermal temperature can completely satisfy the Carlin-type gold deposits mineralization needs.
3.This paper discusses the Youjiang basin in northwest of Guangxi sedimentation-structure in the evolution process of the nature of the magma-volcanic activity and the geological thermal event metallogenic ore-controlling significance.
The mineralization of this Carlin-type gold deposits mainly occurs in the late indosinian period and early yanshanian, the magma-volcanic activity produced by the geological thermal events, its metallogenic meaning mainly manifested in two aspects:(1)the formation of source bed.(2) providing heat and thermal fluid.
4.Have been Comprehensive analysised the characteristic of the hydrothermal activity in Youjiang basin and the geological hot events significance.
According to the northwest Guangxi Carlin-type gold deposit geological、geochemical comprehensive researched result, and we know that the formation process of the northwest Guangxi Carlin-type gold deposit, ore-forming fluid is mainly basin thermal brine. Mineral fluid inclusions and the largest coal vitrinite reflectance results indicate that the northwest Guangxi Carlin-type gold deposit's metallogenic temperature range mainly distributed in100～350°C,which shows the existence of geological thermal events.
5.Using of the latest theory that mineral deposits and geochemistry of mineral deposits,
on the basis of previous studies, conducting comprehensive conclude, and considering the gold deposits of Northwest Guangxi is a kind of Carlin-type gold deposit that relates to mineralize of basin thermal brine.
6.Having been explored the organic matter of the Youjiang Basin Carlin-type gold deposits and its geological thermal events tracer and metallogenic significance. The organic matter of the Youjiang Basin Carlin-type gold deposits contain native-kerogen and migrating organic fluid, and organic carbon content is0.18%-2.95%,an average of0.97%.Primary organic matter include II-kerogen and little I-kerogen. Causing the organic matter of Youjiang-basin occur mature anomaly geological thermal events was mainly the deep burial diagenesis of sedimentary formation that caused geothermal heating, but with the effect of the geological thermal events which include magmatic intrusion,volcanic eruption,tectonic compression,metamorphic damage,radioactive disintegration and so on was obviously different.
7.Have been studied the metallogenic significance of organic matter and its thermal mature product. The biomarker research results show that it has infiltration of precipitation and Bacterial microorganisms participated in the process of mineralization, and it has organic fluid from migration participated. This indicates that the mineralization mechanism of gold contained the mixing effect of different physical and chemical properties of the fluid. The mineralization reaction when the temperature was not high that it generally no higher than100℃; Metallogenic depth was not deep, and its depth was not more than2000m.
8. The hydrogen-oxygen isotope geochemistry study has confirmed that the evolution of Youjiang basin and atmospheric precipitation as its main characteristics of the water. Hydrogen-oxygen isotope geochemical analysis of the samples of Calin-type of gold deposits,northwest of Guangxi, show that the aqoeous solution of this type deposits in the process of ore-forming is mainly basin thermal brine, and metallogenic process has given priority to atmospheric precipitation, with a small amount of magmatic water and metamorphic solution or stratum water admixed.
9. The research of S-Pb-C stable isotope and wallrock alteration, ore characteristics, fluid inclusions, magmatic activities and ancient geothermal field of the main deposits in northwest guangxi, determine that the metallogenic material such as gold of Calin-type of gold deposits in this area mainly come from the mineral of mainland basin layer, where exist a set of source bed with relatively abundant metallogenic material.The sulfur of ore mainly comes from wallrock formation,while partly from organic matter of stratum and resourse of deep. All these features show that the lead of GaoLong mining area mainly comes from the upper crust, namely sedimentary rock formation,and partly from the orogenic belt, in conclusion that the lead is predominate stratum resoures,while mixed with a bit of leac of orogenic belt in deep.
lO.This system study the guide ore structure and ore space of the Carlin-type gold deposits which is located in the northwest of Guangxi. The mineralization and space-time distribution of Carlin-type gold deposits are controlled by the region multistage and various types of structure.
In the regional range, the region is located in the combining site of Yangtze paraplatform and the south rim of the south china fold system,its tectonic structure position is in the edge of the plate tectonic; the deep and large scale fault structure of the northwest of Guangxi is very developing, such as Youjiang fault, Nandan-KunLunguan fault, Tianlin-Bama fault and Bama-Leye concealed fault, etc, which control the formation of Youjiang basin and gold ore belt. The edge of ancient land is tectonic weak zone in the crust and the window and channel of crust-mantle whose boundary is in open state. Two way exchange of material between the crust and the mantle,the active of mixing action and the strong of energy exchange and switching action,the frequent of tectonic movement and the significant of diagenesis and mineralization often can form various metallogenic system in the edge of ancient land.
11.This paper will discuss every stratum unconformity surface and the significance of ore-controlling in the region of the northwest of Guangxi. In the mining area within the range, there are more than5stratum such as D-∈、C1-D3、P2-Pi、T1-T2and T2-T2whose unconformity surface as well as its composite fault, insequent fault, interformational broken belt, which control this Carlin-type gold deposits regularities of distribution and the output location of ore body. Ore body whose shape is stratoid, leticular and the combination of Rattan melon is chiefly located in the sedimentation surface of discontinuity, A little of ore body whose shape is veined and stratoid is located in the hanging wall of the surface of discontinuity or interformational broken belt.
12.It is the leading factor that the ore-forming geological ensure the metallogenic model. This Carlin-type gold deposits based on the forming process and metallogenic model can be divided into initial gathered period, basin fluid phase, mineralization period and supergene weathering period.
13.This system had summaried the geological factors of ore-controlling which belongs to the region of the northwest of Guangxi, putted forward five metallogenic forecasting areas, summaried the metallogenic model of forecasting area and prospecting marks, putted forward delineation of method and principle of forecasting area and defined the forecasting target area.
1、以“热源”为主线,以地质热事件为关键因素,系统研究右江盆地沉积-构造演化过程中与之伴生的地质热事件及其成矿、控矿意义。
在右江盆地沉积-构造演化过程中,与卡林型金矿成矿作用有关的地质热事件主要是沉积地层的深埋地热增温、大地构造位置及构造运动、岩浆-火山活动以及热液活动。其中,最重要、最直接的热事件是沉积地层的深埋地热增温。对于成矿物质的初步富集、再次分配、活化转移、重新改造都发挥过不同意义的直接与间接作用,为“成矿地质热事件”。
2、综合评价了右江盆地沉积地层深埋增温作用及其地质热事件。
右江盆地演化相应经历了泥盆纪-早二叠世被动大陆边缘裂谷盆地阶段、晚二叠世-早三叠世弧后盆地阶段和中三叠世-晚三叠世早期挤压拗陷盆地阶段,晚三叠世后陆内挤压褶皱隆升成陆。右江盆地在海西期和印支期沉积最大厚度可近万米(或中、下三叠统地层的最大厚就可达万米)。按照地热增温率为3～5℃/100m来计算,右江盆地底部的温度可高达300～500℃(或三叠系地层底部的地温就可达到300～500℃)。因此,在桂西北地区卡林型金矿成矿的地质时期,右江盆地地层深埋地热温度完全可以满足卡林型金矿床成矿作用的需要。
3、探讨了桂西北右江盆地沉积-构造演化过程中岩浆-火山活动的性质以及地质热事件的成矿控矿意义。
桂西北地区卡林型金的成矿作用主要发生于印支晚期-燕山早期,由岩浆-火山活动所产生的地质热事件,其成矿意义主要表现在两个方面：(1)形成矿源层。(2)提供热能和热液。
4、综合分析了右江盆地热液活动的特点及地质热事件意义。
根据桂西北地区卡林型金矿床的地质、地球化学综合研究结果可知,在桂西北卡林型金矿床形成过程中,成矿流体主要是盆地热卤水。矿物流体包裹体以及煤层最大镜质组反射率研究结果标明,桂西北卡林型金矿的成矿温度范围主要分布于100～350℃区段,显示了地质热事件的存在。
5、采用矿床学及矿床地球化学的最新理论,在前人研究的基础上,进行综合归纳,将桂西北金矿床的成因归类为与盆地热卤水成矿有关的“卡林型金矿”。
6、探讨了右江盆地卡林型金矿床中的有机质及其地质热事件的示踪意义和成矿意义。右江盆地金矿床中的有机质有原生型干酪根和迁移型有机流体,有机碳含量为0.18%～2.95%,平均为0.97%。原生有机质为Ⅱ型干酪根,有少量Ⅰ型干酪根。导致右江盆地有机质发生成熟异常的地质热事主要是沉积地层的深埋导致地热增温,而与岩浆侵入、火山喷发、构造挤压、变质破坏和放射性元素蜕变等地质热事件的影响效果明显不同。
7、研究了有机质及其热成熟产物的成矿意义。生物标志化合物研究结果表明,在成矿过程中有下渗大气降水以及细菌类微生物的参与,也有从他地迁移来的有机流体的掺和。这表明金的成矿机理包含了不同物化性质流体的混合作用,成矿反应时的温度不高,一般不应高于100℃；成矿时深度不大,不应超过2000m深。
8、根据氢-氧同位素地球化学研究,确定了右江盆地演化以及以大气降水为主要水源的特点。桂西北卡林型金矿床标本氢-氧同位素地球化学研究表明桂西北卡林型金矿床成矿过程中的水溶液主要是盆地热卤水,表明成矿过程以大气降水为主,有少量岩浆水和变质溶液或地层水的掺和。
9、通过对桂西北主要矿床的硫-铅-碳稳定同位素以及围岩蚀变、矿石特征、流体包裹体、浆活动和古地热场研究,确定了桂西北卡林型金矿床金等成矿物质主要来源于盆内地层中的矿质,盆地内存在一套成矿物质相对富集的矿源层。矿石中的硫主要来自围岩地层,部分来自地层有机质,部分是深部来源。这些特征表明高龙矿区的铅主要来自上部地壳,即来源于沉积岩地层,小部分来源于造山带,在以地层来源为主的基础上,混入了少量的深源造山带铅。
10、系统研究了桂西北卡林型金矿床中的输矿通道和赋矿空间。桂西北卡林型金矿床的成矿作用和矿床的时空分布,均受到该地区多级、各种类型构造的控制。
在区域性范围内,桂西北地区位于扬子准地台与华南褶皱系西南缘的结合部位,其大地构造位置处于板块构造的边缘；桂西北深大断裂构造发育,有右江断裂、南丹-昆仑关断裂、田林-巴马断裂和巴马-乐业隐伏断裂等大型构造,它们控制了右江盆地和金矿带的形成。古陆边缘是地壳的构造薄弱地带,是壳幔沟通的窗口和通道,其壳幔边界处于开放状态。在古陆边缘,壳幔之间双向物质交换与混合作用活跃、能量交换与转换作用强烈,构造运动频繁,成岩成矿作用显著,往往能形成多种多样的成矿系统。
11、探讨了桂西北地区各个地层不整合面的特点及其控矿意义。在矿区范围,在桂西北D-∈、C1-D3、P2-P1、T1-T2和T2-T1等之间5个地层不整合面及其复合断层、切层断层、层间破碎带,控制了桂西北卡林型金矿床的分布规律和矿体的产出部位。矿体主要产于沉积间断面上,呈似层状、透镜状,有的呈藤瓜组合形式。部份产于间断面上盘的断层或层间破碎带中,呈脉状、似层状等。
12、以成矿地质热事件为主导因素,确定成矿模式。桂西北卡林型金矿床的形成过程和成矿模式,可以分为初始聚集期、盆地流体期、成矿作用期、和表生风化期。
13、系统总结了桂西北地区卡林型金矿控矿地质因素,提出了5个成矿预测区,总结了预测区成矿模式和找矿标志,提出了预测区圈定方法及原则,并划定了预测靶区。
This article applies the theory of regional metallogeny,deposit organic geochemistry,basin sediment-tectonic evolution and mineralization,deposit geology geochemistry and geotectonic marginal mineralization etc to the systematic study of Youjiang basin sediment-tectonic evolution history and its associated geological thermal events,then investgating the geological thermal events type,characteristics and the formation mechanism, analyzing the organics in deposits which have the tracer significance in the geological thermal events and play an important role in gold mineralization,discussing the relationship between Carlin-type gold deposits in northwestern Guangxi mineralization and the organics and the geological thermal events as well as the minerogenetic mechanism of gold, summarizing the time-space distribution feature and the metallogenic regularity of Carlin-type gold deposits in northwestern Guangxi metallogenic province,Finally evaluating the ore-finding prospects based on the comprehensive research.The main cognitive and research results are as follows:
1.With heat source as the main line and geological thermal events as the key factors, we research the Youjiang basin's sedimentary-tectonic evolution process and the associated geological thermal event, mineralization, ore-controlling significance systematically.
In the process of Youjiang basin's sedimental-tectonic evolution,the main geological thermal events related with the mineralization of Carlin-type gold deposits are deep buried sedimentary stratas'geothermal gradient,geotectonic position and tectonic movement,magma-volcanic activity as well as hydrothermal activity.Among them, the deep buried sedimentary stratas'geothermal gradient is the most important and direct thermal event, for the metallogenic materials preliminary enrichment,second distribution,remobilization,reconstruction,It play a different meaning of direct and indirect effect, as "the geological thermal events of mineralization".
2.This paper comprehensive evaluated the deep buried constructive role and geological thermal events of sedimentary statum in the Youjiang basin.
The evolution of Youjiang basin had experienced Passive continental margin rift basin stage of Devonian-Early Permian, back-arc basin stage of Late Permian-early Triassic, extrusion and downwarping basin stage of In Triassic-late Triassic, after the late Triassic intracontinental extrusion fold uplift into land. The maximum thickness of sedimentation belonging to Youjiang basin can be nearly meters (or The lower and middle Triassic formation of maximum thickness can be CTKM meters). According to the geothermal gradient for3～5°C/100m to calculate, the Youjiang basin bottom temperature can be up to300～500°C (or Trias formation at the bottom of the ground temperature can reach300～500°C). Therefore, the Metallogenic geologic time belonging to Carlin-type gold deposits in the region of the northwest of Guangxi, the Youjiang basin formation deep buried geothermal temperature can completely satisfy the Carlin-type gold deposits mineralization needs.
3.This paper discusses the Youjiang basin in northwest of Guangxi sedimentation-structure in the evolution process of the nature of the magma-volcanic activity and the geological thermal event metallogenic ore-controlling significance.
The mineralization of this Carlin-type gold deposits mainly occurs in the late indosinian period and early yanshanian, the magma-volcanic activity produced by the geological thermal events, its metallogenic meaning mainly manifested in two aspects:(1)the formation of source bed.(2) providing heat and thermal fluid.
4.Have been Comprehensive analysised the characteristic of the hydrothermal activity in Youjiang basin and the geological hot events significance.
According to the northwest Guangxi Carlin-type gold deposit geological、geochemical comprehensive researched result, and we know that the formation process of the northwest Guangxi Carlin-type gold deposit, ore-forming fluid is mainly basin thermal brine. Mineral fluid inclusions and the largest coal vitrinite reflectance results indicate that the northwest Guangxi Carlin-type gold deposit's metallogenic temperature range mainly distributed in100～350°C,which shows the existence of geological thermal events.
5.Using of the latest theory that mineral deposits and geochemistry of mineral deposits,
on the basis of previous studies, conducting comprehensive conclude, and considering the gold deposits of Northwest Guangxi is a kind of Carlin-type gold deposit that relates to mineralize of basin thermal brine.
6.Having been explored the organic matter of the Youjiang Basin Carlin-type gold deposits and its geological thermal events tracer and metallogenic significance. The organic matter of the Youjiang Basin Carlin-type gold deposits contain native-kerogen and migrating organic fluid, and organic carbon content is0.18%-2.95%,an average of0.97%.Primary organic matter include II-kerogen and little I-kerogen. Causing the organic matter of Youjiang-basin occur mature anomaly geological thermal events was mainly the deep burial diagenesis of sedimentary formation that caused geothermal heating, but with the effect of the geological thermal events which include magmatic intrusion,volcanic eruption,tectonic compression,metamorphic damage,radioactive disintegration and so on was obviously different.
7.Have been studied the metallogenic significance of organic matter and its thermal mature product. The biomarker research results show that it has infiltration of precipitation and Bacterial microorganisms participated in the process of mineralization, and it has organic fluid from migration participated. This indicates that the mineralization mechanism of gold contained the mixing effect of different physical and chemical properties of the fluid. The mineralization reaction when the temperature was not high that it generally no higher than100℃; Metallogenic depth was not deep, and its depth was not more than2000m.
8. The hydrogen-oxygen isotope geochemistry study has confirmed that the evolution of Youjiang basin and atmospheric precipitation as its main characteristics of the water. Hydrogen-oxygen isotope geochemical analysis of the samples of Calin-type of gold deposits,northwest of Guangxi, show that the aqoeous solution of this type deposits in the process of ore-forming is mainly basin thermal brine, and metallogenic process has given priority to atmospheric precipitation, with a small amount of magmatic water and metamorphic solution or stratum water admixed.
9. The research of S-Pb-C stable isotope and wallrock alteration, ore characteristics, fluid inclusions, magmatic activities and ancient geothermal field of the main deposits in northwest guangxi, determine that the metallogenic material such as gold of Calin-type of gold deposits in this area mainly come from the mineral of mainland basin layer, where exist a set of source bed with relatively abundant metallogenic material.The sulfur of ore mainly comes from wallrock formation,while partly from organic matter of stratum and resourse of deep. All these features show that the lead of GaoLong mining area mainly comes from the upper crust, namely sedimentary rock formation,and partly from the orogenic belt, in conclusion that the lead is predominate stratum resoures,while mixed with a bit of leac of orogenic belt in deep.
lO.This system study the guide ore structure and ore space of the Carlin-type gold deposits which is located in the northwest of Guangxi. The mineralization and space-time distribution of Carlin-type gold deposits are controlled by the region multistage and various types of structure.
In the regional range, the region is located in the combining site of Yangtze paraplatform and the south rim of the south china fold system,its tectonic structure position is in the edge of the plate tectonic; the deep and large scale fault structure of the northwest of Guangxi is very developing, such as Youjiang fault, Nandan-KunLunguan fault, Tianlin-Bama fault and Bama-Leye concealed fault, etc, which control the formation of Youjiang basin and gold ore belt. The edge of ancient land is tectonic weak zone in the crust and the window and channel of crust-mantle whose boundary is in open state. Two way exchange of material between the crust and the mantle,the active of mixing action and the strong of energy exchange and switching action,the frequent of tectonic movement and the significant of diagenesis and mineralization often can form various metallogenic system in the edge of ancient land.
11.This paper will discuss every stratum unconformity surface and the significance of ore-controlling in the region of the northwest of Guangxi. In the mining area within the range, there are more than5stratum such as D-∈、C1-D3、P2-Pi、T1-T2and T2-T2whose unconformity surface as well as its composite fault, insequent fault, interformational broken belt, which control this Carlin-type gold deposits regularities of distribution and the output location of ore body. Ore body whose shape is stratoid, leticular and the combination of Rattan melon is chiefly located in the sedimentation surface of discontinuity, A little of ore body whose shape is veined and stratoid is located in the hanging wall of the surface of discontinuity or interformational broken belt.
12.It is the leading factor that the ore-forming geological ensure the metallogenic model. This Carlin-type gold deposits based on the forming process and metallogenic model can be divided into initial gathered period, basin fluid phase, mineralization period and supergene weathering period.
13.This system had summaried the geological factors of ore-controlling which belongs to the region of the northwest of Guangxi, putted forward five metallogenic forecasting areas, summaried the metallogenic model of forecasting area and prospecting marks, putted forward delineation of method and principle of forecasting area and defined the forecasting target area.
引文
1. 庄新国,桂西北地区古地热场特征及其在微细粒浸染型金矿床形成中的作用.矿床地质,1995(1)：第82-89页.
2. 庄汉平,卢家烂,傅家谟,刘德汉,黔西南卡林型金矿床中固体有机物质的有机岩石学研究,地质科学,2000年,35卷,第01期,p83-90
3. 周铁锁,肖丽,张复新,任涛,梁小勇,陕西夏家店卡林型金矿床地质地球化学特征,黄金地质,2004年,10卷,03期p17-21
4. 周洪源,黄云平,赵祖乔,唐士科,某卡林型金矿锑金分离试验研究,矿冶工程,2007年,27卷,02期40-43
5. 郑有业,多吉,马国桃,陈静,代芳华,藏南查拉普岩金矿床特征、发现及时代约束(西藏首个卡林型金矿床),地球科学,2007年,32卷,02期p185-193
6. 赵新苗,张复新,何军,周创飞,陕西柞水下梁子类卡林型金矿床特征与成因探讨,地质找矿论丛,2004年,19卷,03期p168-172
7. 赵利青,陈祥,周红,李秀梅,南秦岭金龙山微细浸染型金矿成矿时代,地质科学,2001年,36卷,04期.p489-489
8. 赵爱林,李景春,王力,金成洙,金矿床研究的回顾与展望,地质与资源,2003年,12卷,02期,p125-128
9. 张敏等,桂西北地区微细粒浸染型金矿地质特征和流体包裹体研究.现代矿业,2011(12)：第50-52+85页.
10. 张静,陈衍景,张复新,李超,陕西金龙山卡林型金矿带成矿流体地球化学研究,矿床地质,2002年,21卷,03期,p283-291
11. 张湖,李统锦,微细浸染型金矿床的一种新的亚类--硅质岩型金矿,地学前缘,2004年,11卷,02期p316-372
12. 张复新,肖丽,齐亚林,卡林型-类卡林型金矿床勘查与研究回顾及展望,中国地质,2004年,31卷,04期p406-412
13. 张复新,季军良,龙灵利,范春花,南秦岭卡林型-似卡林型金矿床综合地质地球化学特征,地质论评,2001年,47卷,05期,p492-499
14. 翟裕生,成矿系统及其演化-初步实践到理论思考。地球科学,2000年,第25卷第4期P333-339。
15. 应汉龙,卡林型金矿床的特征和成因地质与地球化学证据,地质地球化学,2001年,29卷,04期,p56-64。
16. 杨贵来,杨伟光,罗梅,和中华,罗石生,杨柱平,王翔云南勐海勐满金矿床的地球化学特征及成因,现代地质,2007年,21卷,4期p667-674。
17. 杨贵才,齐金忠,董华芳,郭俊华,李志宏,甘肃省文县阳山金矿床地质及同位素特征,地质与勘探,2007年,43卷,03期p37-41
18. 杨成奎,桂西北地区微细浸染型金矿床赋金层剖面组合特征及其成矿作用探讨.地质找矿论丛,1994(3)：第66-72页.
19. 谢世业,陈大经与李毅,桂西北热水沉积型金矿成矿系列、找矿标志及找矿前景.地质与勘探,2006(3)：第12-17页.
20. 夏勇,苏文超,张兴春,陶琰,刘建中,刘川勤,黔西南水银洞层控卡林型金矿床成矿机理初探,矿物岩石地球化学通报,2007年,26卷,21期p320-323
21. 吴如灼,桂西北三叠系碳酸盐岩-碎屑岩混合层序及其对层控微细粒金矿床的的控制作用.地质与勘探,1994(6)：第30-34页.
22. 吴明安,安徽省全椒县范水洼金矿床地质特征研究,合肥工业大学学报自然科学版,2007年,30卷,09期p1139-1143
23. 吴江等桂西北微细粒浸染型金矿成矿作用分析[J].广西地质,2000.13(2)：23-29.
24. 吴江,李思田等,桂西北微细浸染型金矿成矿作用分析,广西地质,1993年,6(2),39-51。
25. 王学武,杨世瑜,滇西潞西上芒岗卡林型金矿,云南地质,2005年,24卷,04期p354-360
26. 王学娟,刘全军,贵州水银洞低品位卡林型金矿矿石选矿试验,有色金属选矿部分,2007年,05期p28-31
27. 王学娟,刘全军,贵州某卡林型金矿石浮选优化试验研究,矿产综合利用,2007年,64期p3-6
28. 王文勇,王汉碧,王石华,右江造山带北缘吴家坪组灰岩中卡林型金矿的发现及其意义-以贞丰县毛安、播老金矿为例,贵州地质,2007年,24卷,03期p170-173
29. 王伟涛,肖丽,周铁锁,齐亚林,任涛,李剑斌,南秦岭夏家店卡林型金矿床构造特征与成矿关系,西北地质,2004年,37卷,03期p61-66
30. 王国田,桂西北微细浸染型JY金矿床形成机理初探,广西地质,1989年,2。
31. 汪金榜与黄方方,桂西北地区超微粒型金矿成矿条件、成矿规律和地质—地球物理—地球化学找矿模式.广西地质,1996(Z1)：第152+143-151页.
32. 涂怀奎,秦岭地区类卡林型金矿成矿特征和找矿方向,地质找矿论丛,2005年,20卷,04期p258-263
33. 谭运金,卡林型金矿床中的自然砷,矿产与地质,2001年,15卷,06期,p699-704
34. 孙树浩,川北-甘南地区类卡林型金矿床的地质-地球化学特征,地质找矿论丛,2005年,20卷,01期p8-14
35. 孙国胜,初凤友,胡瑞忠,胡大千,魏存弟,我国主要金矿类型中黄铁矿“电子-空穴心”特征及影响因素,矿物学报,2004年,24卷,03期p211-217
36.苏文超,胡瑞忠,彭建堂,方维萱,滇黔桂地区卡林型金矿床成矿物质来源的锶同位素证据,矿物岩石地球化学通报,2000年,19卷,04期,p256-259
37. 苏文超,胡瑞忠,漆亮,,方维萱,黔西南卡林型金矿床流体包裹体中微量元素研究,地球化学,2001年,30卷,06期,p512-516
38. 舒广龙,马诗敏,刘继顺,基于斑岩成矿体系结构的深部找矿预测-以鄂东丰山铜金矿田为例,地质与勘探,2007年,43卷,02期p1-7
39. 任小华,金文洪,王瑞廷,侯俊富,钱壮志,刘莉霞,南秦岭略阳干河坝金矿床(类卡林型金矿床)地质地球化学特征,中国地质,2007年,34卷,5期p878-886
40. 冉瑞德,黔西南岩溶构造容矿金矿床特征及成矿机理--以安龙戈塘金矿床为例,贵州地质,2005年,22卷,01期p14-21
41. 秦小光,赵不亿与李甫安,环形构造成矿预测定量分析—以桂西北地区金矿预测为例.国土资源遥感,1993(2)：第54-60+8页.
42. 钱让清,杨晓勇,周文雅,高大旗,质子探针研究微细粒金的赋存状态及黄铁矿标型特征-以皖南地区金矿成矿带为例,中国科学技术大学学报,2002年,32卷,04期,p481-492
43. 钱让清,杨晓勇,黄德志,周文雅,微细粒型金矿床金的赋存状态研究-以皖西南枞阳井边金矿为例,中南工业大学学报自然科学版,2002年,33卷,03期,p225-229
44. 齐亚林,张复新,王伟涛等7人,拉尔玛金矿床与夏家店金矿床地质地球化学特征对比,地质找矿论丛,2004年,19卷,04期p217-222
45. 普传杰,高振敏,国内外卡林型金矿对比研究,云南地质,2003年,22卷,01期,p27-38
46. 潘家永,张乾与邵树勋,桂西北发现一类新的微细浸染型金矿.黄金,1998(7)：第3-6页.
47. 蒙轸,康喜逢,杨怀玉,甘肃省岷县簸箕沟金矿地质特征及成因,地质与勘探,2007年,43卷,5期p4044
48. 毛景文,西秦岭地区造山型与卡林型金矿床,矿物岩石地球化学通报,2001年,20卷,01期,p11-13
49. 毛景文,李晓峰,李厚民,曲晓明,张长青,薛春纪等11人,中国造山带内生金属矿床类型、特点和成矿过程探讨,地质学报,2005年,79卷,03期p342-372
50. 马光,刘继顺,宫丽,秦岭地区卡林型金矿地质特征,黄金,2004年,25卷,03期p8-12
51. 刘新会,张复新,吕喜旺,张志毅,陕川丁家林-太阳坪金矿地质特征与成矿条件,黄金地质,2002年,8卷,04期,p24-28
52. 刘金钟、范德廉,桂西北金牙金矿床的物质来源探讨,矿床地质,1992年,vol.11(3)：233--240。
53.刘建中,刘川勤,贵州水银洞金矿床成因探讨及成矿模式,贵州地质,2005年,22卷,01期p9-13
54. 刘建明、刘家军,滇黔桂金三角区微细浸染型金矿床的盆地流体成因模式,矿物学报,1997年,vo1.17(4)：448462。
55. 刘建明,叶杰,刘家军,顾雪祥,论我国微细浸染型金矿床与沉积盆地演化的关系——以右江盆地为例,矿床地质,2001年,20卷,04期,p367-377
56. 刘家军,杨丹,刘建明,柳振江,杨艳,毛光剑,郑明华,卡林型金矿床中自然砷的特征与成矿物理化学条件示踪,地学前缘,2007年,14卷,5期p158-166
57. 刘继顺,舒广龙,高珍权,鄂东丰山矿田卡林型金矿地质地球化学特征,地学前缘,2004年,11卷,02期p379-385
58. 李晶,陈衍景,李强之,赖勇,杨荣生,毛世东甘肃阳山金矿流体包裹体地球化学和矿床成因类型,岩石学报,2007年,23卷,9期p2144-2154
59. 李红阳,高振敏,杨竹森,罗泰义,饶文波,贵州丹寨卡林型金矿床地球化学特征,地质科学,2002年37卷01期p1-7
60. 李红阳,高振敏,杨竹森,罗泰义,饶文波,滇西上芒岗卡林型金矿床地球化学特征,黄金,2001年,22卷,06期,p1-5
61. 李红,张爱云,桂西北明山金矿床表生带矿石中氨基酸的分布特征研究,地质地球化学,2000年,28卷,第02期,p76-81
62. 李甫安,桂西北主要金矿床地质特征,广西地质,1990年,vo1.3(3)：49-64。
63. 李福顺,康如华,陈贻旺,吴迎春,袁卫,湖南高家坳金矿床成矿地质条件及找矿方向,黄金,2002年,23卷,05期,p1-3
64. 雷时斌,齐金忠,甘肃阳山金矿带地球动力学体制与多因耦合成矿作用,地质与勘探,2007年,43卷,02期p33-39
65. 贾大成,,胡瑞忠,滇黔桂地区卡林型金矿床成因探讨,矿床地质,2001年,20卷,04期,p378-384
66. 黄启勋,桂西北地区微细粒型金矿成矿信息与定量预测评价.广西地质,1996(Z1)：第168+153-167页.
67. 胡瑞忠,彭建堂,马东升,苏文超,施春华,毕献武,涂光炽,扬子地块西南缘大面积低温成矿时代,矿床地质,2007年,26卷,6期p583-596
68. 胡明安,庄新国,赵颖弘,广西卡林型金矿的成矿与找矿,中国地质大学出版社,2003年。
69. 胡明安,正构烷烃的成矿意义-以广西田林高龙卡林型金矿为例,地球科学,2003年,28,3,301-305。胡明安,广西田林高龙卡林型金矿床成矿物质来源的稀土元素示踪,地质科技情报,2003,22(3)：45-48
70. 胡明安,低温成矿系列中生物有机质的矿床学意义。地球科学,2000年第25卷第4期P375-379。
71. 何维基,赣西卡林型金矿床成矿特征及找矿方向,地质找矿论丛,2004年,19卷,03期p173-176
72. 海涛等,桂西北微细浸染型金矿找矿远景区优选.四川地质学报,2012(2)：第176-182页.
73. 国家辉,桂西北地区岩浆活动与超微粒型金矿化的关系.贵金属地质,2000(3)：第133-143页.
74. 国家辉,桂西北地区超微粒型金矿成矿条件及其成矿预测.贵金属地质,1994(3)：第233-240+200页.
75. 国家辉,桂西北地区超微粒浸染型金矿标型特征.贵金属地质,1994(4)：第289-292页.
76. 关中,李见闻,中国甘肃发现亚洲最大金矿,国土资源,2007年10期p37-39
77. 顾雪祥,右江盆地油气成藏与金成矿的时代耦合Sm-Nd同位素制约,第八届全国矿床会议,南昌,2006年11月27日.
78. 伏雄,徐刚,河南省祈子堂金矿床成矿地质条件及矿床成因,矿产与地质,2004年,18卷,06期p563-566
79. 伏雄,徐刚,河南省祈子堂金矿床(类卡林型金矿床)成矿地质条件及矿床成因,矿产与地质,2004年,18卷,06期p563-566
80. 冯建忠,邵世才,汪东波,王学明,马治国陕西八卦庙金矿脆-韧性剪切带控矿特征及成矿构造动力学机制,中国地质,2002年,29卷,01期,p58-66
81. 董耀松,范继璋,矿产勘查新理论与新方法综述,吉林地质,2005年,24卷,01期p39-44
82. 陈懋弘,毛景文,屈文俊,吴六灵,Phillip J.UTTLEY, Tony NORMAN,郑建民,秦运忠,贵州贞丰烂泥沟卡林型金矿床含砷黄铁矿Re-Os同位素测年及地质意义,地质论评,2007年,53卷,03期p371-382
83. 陈懋弘,毛景文,Phillip J. Uttley,Tony Norman,吴六灵,郑建民,秦运忠,贵州锦丰烂泥沟超大型金 矿床构造解析及构造成矿作用,矿床地质,2007年,26卷,04期p380-396
84. 陈开礼等,广西金矿地质,广西科学技术出版社,2002年。
85.包志伟,赵振华,有机质在卡林型金矿成矿过程中的作用,地质科技情报,2000年,19卷,第02期,p45-50
86. Zhang Jinliang and Chang Xiangchun.Geochemical characteristics of hydrocarbons in.finding Pb-Zn deposit, Yunnan, China and their metallogenic role.Qingdao Haiyang Daxue Xuebao=Journal of Ocean University of Qingdao (March 2003),33(2):264-274
87. Yang Wenguang, Lin Li, Zhu Lidong, Xiong Yongzhu, Pang Yanchun, and Fu Xiugen Molecular paleontology of Chengkou platinum deposit in black rock series in Chongqing, ChinaChengdu Ligong Daxue Xuebao=Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (October 2004),31(5):457-460
88. Yang Dianzhong and Xia Bin.An experiment study on the role of organic materials in ore-forming of sandstone-type uranium deposits; a case study of the Shihongtan Deposit, Turpan-Hami basins, China.Dizhi Lunping=Geological Review (March 2004),50(2):218-222
89. Tuo Jincai, Ma Wanyun, Zhang Mingfeng, and Wang Xinbin.Organic geochemistry of the Dongsheng sedimentary uranium ore deposits, China.Applied Geochemistry (September 2007),22(9):1949-1969
90. Sun Xiaoming, David I. Norman, Sun Kai, Chen Binghui, and Chen Jingde.Organic gases in fluid inclusions of ore minerals and their constraints on ore genesis:a case study of the Changkeng Au-Ag deposit, Guangdong, China.Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition) (2003),77(1):86-94
91. Stephen G Peters.Syn-deformational features of carlin-type Au deposits (in Applied structural geology for mineral exploration and mining). Journal of Structural Geology (June 2004),26(6-7):1007-1023
92. Richard M. Kettler and Greg Arehart.Did Paleozoic seawater chemistry control the formation of carlin-type gold deposits? (in Geological Society of America,2007 annual meeting, Anonymous,).Abstracts with Programs-Geological Society of America (October 2007),39(6):413
93. R. M. Tosdal, K. A. Hickey, J. A. Lubben, and J. S. Cline.Paleothermal anomalies, large scale convection of geothermal fluid, and the relative timing of deposition of gold in the carlin-type deposits of northern Nevada (U.S.A.) (in Geological Society of America,2005 annual meeting, Anonymous,).Abstracts with Programs-Geological Society of America (October 2005),37(7):419
94. Michael W. Ressel and Christopher D. Henry.Igneous Geology of the Carlin Trend, Nevada:Development of the Eocene Plutonic Complex and Significance for Carlin-Type Gold Deposits.Economic Geology, Mar 2006; 101:347-383.
95. M. Z. Min, Z. W. Meng, G Y. Sheng, Y. S. Min, and X. Liu.Organic geochemistry of paleokarst-hosted uranium deposits, South ChinaJournal of Geochemical Exploration (April 2000),68(3):211-229
96. Liu Wenjun and Lu Jialan.Organic geochemistry of the Lower Cambrian in western Hunan, China; biomineralization study of MVT lead-zinc deposits.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica (June 2000),18(2):290-296
97. Li Mangen, Zhou Wenbin, Shi Xiaoping, Zhang Shouting, and Chen Jianping.Application of biomarker compounds to assessment of paleoenvironments of 512 uranium deposit in Ili Basin, Xinjiang, China.Chengdu Ligong Xueyuan Xuebao=Journal of Chengdu Institute of Technology (2002),29(6):656-659
98. Li Fayuan, Gu Xuexiang, Fu Shaohong, and Zhang Ming.The role of organic compounds in the formation of MVT Pb-Zn deposits.Kuangwu Yanshi Diqiuhuaxue Tongbao= Bulletin of the Chinese Society of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry (October 2002),21(4):272-276
99. Junhong Chen, Malcolm R. Walter, Graham A. Logan, Mark C. Hinman, and Roger E. Summons.The Paleoproterozoic McArthur River (HYC) Pb/Zn/Ag deposit of northern Australia; organic geochemistry and ore genesis.Earth and Planetary Science Letters (May 2003),210(3-4):467-479
100. Jorge E. Spangenberg and Ursos Herlec.Hydrocarbon Biomarkers in the Topla-Meiica Zinc-Lead Deposits, Northern Karavanke/Drau Range, Slovenia:Paleoenvironment at the Site of Ore Formation.Economic Geology, Aug2006; 101:997-1021.
101. Jorge E. Spangenberg and Ursos Herlec.Hydrocarbon Biomarkers in the Topla-Meiica Zinc-Lead Deposits, Northern Karavanke/Drau Range, Slovenia:Paleoenvironment at the Site of Ore Formation.Economic Geology, Aug2006; 101:997-1021.
102. John L. Muntean, Michael P. Coward, and Charles A. Tarnocai.Reactivated Palaeozoic normal faults; controls on the formation of Carlin-type gold deposits in north-central Nevada (in Deformation of the continental crust; the legacy of Mike Coward).Geological Society Special Publications (2007),272 571-587
103. Jean S. Cline, Albert H. Hofstra, John L. Muntean, Richard M. Tosdal, and Kenneth A. Hickey.Carlin-type gold deposits in Nevada; critical geologic characteristics and viable models (in Economic Geology; one hundredth anniversary volume,1905-2005). Society of Economic Geologists, Littleton, CO, United States (2005)451-484
104. Jean S. Cline, Albert H. Hofstra, John L. Muntean, Richard M. Tosdal, and Kenneth A. Hickey.Carlin-type gold deposits in Nevada; critical geologic characteristics and viable models (in Economic Geology; one hundredth anniversary volume,1905-2005) Society of Economic Geologists, Littleton, CO, United States (2005)451-484
105. Jean S. Cline, Albert H. Hofstra, John L. Muntean, Richard M. Tosdal, and Kenneth A. Hickey.Carlin-type gold deposits in Nevada; critical geologic characteristics and viable models (in Economic Geology; one hundredth anniversary volume,1905-2005).Society of Economic Geologists, Littleton, CO, United States (2005)451-484
106. Jean S. Cline, Albert H. Hofstra, John L. Muntean, Richard M. Tosdal. and Kenneth A. Hickey.Carlin-type gold deposits in Nevada; critical geologic characteristics and viable models (in Economic Geology; one hundredth anniversary volume,1905-2005).Society of Economic Geologists, Littleton, CO, United States (2005) 451-484
107. Hu Mingan, Disnar, J.R., Sureau, J.F., Organic geochemical indicators of biological sulphate reduction in early diagenetic Zn-Pb mineralization:the Bois-Madame deposit (Card, France), Applied Geochemistry,1995, 10 (4):419-435。
108. Gaston Giuliani, Christian France-Lanord, Alain Cheilletz, Pierre Coget, Yannick Branquet, and Bernard Laumomnier.Sulfate Reduction by Organic Matter in Colombian Emerald Deposits:Chemical and Stable Isotope (C, O, H) Evidence.Economic Geology, Aug 2000; 95:1129-1153.
109. G Southam and James A. Saunders.The Geomicrobiology of Ore Deposits.Economic Geology, Sep 2005; 100: 1067-1084.
110. G Southam and James A. Saunders.The Geomicrobiology of Ore Deposits.Economic Geology, Sep 2005; 100: 1067-1084.
111. G B. Arehart and R. A. Donelick.Thermal and isotopic profiling of the Pipeline hydrothermal system; application to exploration for carlin-type gold deposits.Joumal of Geochemical Exploration (December 2006), 91(1-3):27-40
112. Francisco Velasco, Jose Miguel Herrero, Inaki Yusta, Jose Antonio Alonso, Ignacio Seebold, and David Leach.Geology and Geochemistry of the Reocin Zinc-Lead Deposit, Basque-Cantabrian Basin, Northern Spain.Economic Geology, Nov 2003; 98:1371-1396.
113. Craig Marshall, Graham Logan, Karen MacKenzie, and Malcolm R. Walter.Organic geochemistry of the McArthur River hydrothermal mineral deposit (in Dynamic Earth; past, present and future).Abstracts-Geological Society of Australia (2004),73-97
114. Craig Marshall, Graham Logan, Karen MacKenzie, and Malcolm R. Walter.Organic geochemistry of the McArthur River hydrothermal mineral deposit (in Dynamic Earth; past, present and future).Abstracts-Geological Society of Australia (2004),73-97
115. Christopher S. Palenik, Satoshi Utsunomiya, Martin Reich. Stephen E. Kesler, Lumin Wang, and Rodney C. Ewing."Invisible" gold revealed:Direct imaging of gold nanoparticles in a Carlin-type deposit.American Mineralogist, Oct 2004; 89:1359-1366.
116. Christopher S. Palenik, Satoshi Utsunomiya, Martin Reich, Stephen E. Kesler, Lumin Wang, and Rodney C. Ewing."Invisible" gold revealed:Direct imaging of gold nanoparticles in a Carlin-type deposit.American Mineralogist, Oct 2004; 89:1359-1366.
117. Christopher S. Palenik, Satoshi Utsunomiya, Martin Reich, Stephen E. Kesler, Lumin Wang, and Rodney C. Ewing."Invisible" gold revealed:Direct imaging of gold nanoparticles in a Carlin-type deposit.American Mineralogist, Oct 2004; 89:1359-1366.
118. C. P. Marshall, K. L. MacKenzie, G. A. Logan, J. Chen, P. F. Greenwood, and M. R. Walter Organic geochemistry of the McArthur River hydrothermal mineral deposit (in Organic matter; interfaces and nteractions; combined national conference of the Australian Organic Geochemists and the International Humic Substances Society; conference program and abstracts, McIntyre,).Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Petroleum, North Ryde, N.S.W., Australia (2004) 85-86
119. C. J. Nutt and C. H. Thorman.Role of low-angle to bedding-parallel faults in localizing carlin-type gold, northern Nevada (in Geological Society of America,2005 annual meeting, Anonymous,).Abstracts with Programs-Geological Society of America (October 2005),37(7):418
120. Andrew P. Gize.A special issue on Organic matter and ore deposits; interactions, applications, and case studies; introduction.Economic Geology, Nov 1999; 94:963-965.
121. Andrew P. Gize.Organic petrology applied to ore deposits (in Ore genesis and exploration; the roles of organic matter).Reviews in Economic Geology (2000),963-85
122. Chen Yuanrong, Zhuang Xiaorui, and Xu Qinghong.A common anomaly pattern of organic hydrocarbon over metallic ore deposits and its mechanism.Kuangchan yu Dizhi=Mineral Resources and Geology (2001), 15(6):738-742
2. 庄汉平,卢家烂,傅家谟,刘德汉,黔西南卡林型金矿床中固体有机物质的有机岩石学研究,地质科学,2000年,35卷,第01期,p83-90
3. 周铁锁,肖丽,张复新,任涛,梁小勇,陕西夏家店卡林型金矿床地质地球化学特征,黄金地质,2004年,10卷,03期p17-21
4. 周洪源,黄云平,赵祖乔,唐士科,某卡林型金矿锑金分离试验研究,矿冶工程,2007年,27卷,02期40-43
5. 郑有业,多吉,马国桃,陈静,代芳华,藏南查拉普岩金矿床特征、发现及时代约束(西藏首个卡林型金矿床),地球科学,2007年,32卷,02期p185-193
6. 赵新苗,张复新,何军,周创飞,陕西柞水下梁子类卡林型金矿床特征与成因探讨,地质找矿论丛,2004年,19卷,03期p168-172
7. 赵利青,陈祥,周红,李秀梅,南秦岭金龙山微细浸染型金矿成矿时代,地质科学,2001年,36卷,04期.p489-489
8. 赵爱林,李景春,王力,金成洙,金矿床研究的回顾与展望,地质与资源,2003年,12卷,02期,p125-128
9. 张敏等,桂西北地区微细粒浸染型金矿地质特征和流体包裹体研究.现代矿业,2011(12)：第50-52+85页.
10. 张静,陈衍景,张复新,李超,陕西金龙山卡林型金矿带成矿流体地球化学研究,矿床地质,2002年,21卷,03期,p283-291
11. 张湖,李统锦,微细浸染型金矿床的一种新的亚类--硅质岩型金矿,地学前缘,2004年,11卷,02期p316-372
12. 张复新,肖丽,齐亚林,卡林型-类卡林型金矿床勘查与研究回顾及展望,中国地质,2004年,31卷,04期p406-412
13. 张复新,季军良,龙灵利,范春花,南秦岭卡林型-似卡林型金矿床综合地质地球化学特征,地质论评,2001年,47卷,05期,p492-499
14. 翟裕生,成矿系统及其演化-初步实践到理论思考。地球科学,2000年,第25卷第4期P333-339。
15. 应汉龙,卡林型金矿床的特征和成因地质与地球化学证据,地质地球化学,2001年,29卷,04期,p56-64。
16. 杨贵来,杨伟光,罗梅,和中华,罗石生,杨柱平,王翔云南勐海勐满金矿床的地球化学特征及成因,现代地质,2007年,21卷,4期p667-674。
17. 杨贵才,齐金忠,董华芳,郭俊华,李志宏,甘肃省文县阳山金矿床地质及同位素特征,地质与勘探,2007年,43卷,03期p37-41
18. 杨成奎,桂西北地区微细浸染型金矿床赋金层剖面组合特征及其成矿作用探讨.地质找矿论丛,1994(3)：第66-72页.
19. 谢世业,陈大经与李毅,桂西北热水沉积型金矿成矿系列、找矿标志及找矿前景.地质与勘探,2006(3)：第12-17页.
20. 夏勇,苏文超,张兴春,陶琰,刘建中,刘川勤,黔西南水银洞层控卡林型金矿床成矿机理初探,矿物岩石地球化学通报,2007年,26卷,21期p320-323
21. 吴如灼,桂西北三叠系碳酸盐岩-碎屑岩混合层序及其对层控微细粒金矿床的的控制作用.地质与勘探,1994(6)：第30-34页.
22. 吴明安,安徽省全椒县范水洼金矿床地质特征研究,合肥工业大学学报自然科学版,2007年,30卷,09期p1139-1143
23. 吴江等桂西北微细粒浸染型金矿成矿作用分析[J].广西地质,2000.13(2)：23-29.
24. 吴江,李思田等,桂西北微细浸染型金矿成矿作用分析,广西地质,1993年,6(2),39-51。
25. 王学武,杨世瑜,滇西潞西上芒岗卡林型金矿,云南地质,2005年,24卷,04期p354-360
26. 王学娟,刘全军,贵州水银洞低品位卡林型金矿矿石选矿试验,有色金属选矿部分,2007年,05期p28-31
27. 王学娟,刘全军,贵州某卡林型金矿石浮选优化试验研究,矿产综合利用,2007年,64期p3-6
28. 王文勇,王汉碧,王石华,右江造山带北缘吴家坪组灰岩中卡林型金矿的发现及其意义-以贞丰县毛安、播老金矿为例,贵州地质,2007年,24卷,03期p170-173
29. 王伟涛,肖丽,周铁锁,齐亚林,任涛,李剑斌,南秦岭夏家店卡林型金矿床构造特征与成矿关系,西北地质,2004年,37卷,03期p61-66
30. 王国田,桂西北微细浸染型JY金矿床形成机理初探,广西地质,1989年,2。
31. 汪金榜与黄方方,桂西北地区超微粒型金矿成矿条件、成矿规律和地质—地球物理—地球化学找矿模式.广西地质,1996(Z1)：第152+143-151页.
32. 涂怀奎,秦岭地区类卡林型金矿成矿特征和找矿方向,地质找矿论丛,2005年,20卷,04期p258-263
33. 谭运金,卡林型金矿床中的自然砷,矿产与地质,2001年,15卷,06期,p699-704
34. 孙树浩,川北-甘南地区类卡林型金矿床的地质-地球化学特征,地质找矿论丛,2005年,20卷,01期p8-14
35. 孙国胜,初凤友,胡瑞忠,胡大千,魏存弟,我国主要金矿类型中黄铁矿“电子-空穴心”特征及影响因素,矿物学报,2004年,24卷,03期p211-217
36.苏文超,胡瑞忠,彭建堂,方维萱,滇黔桂地区卡林型金矿床成矿物质来源的锶同位素证据,矿物岩石地球化学通报,2000年,19卷,04期,p256-259
37. 苏文超,胡瑞忠,漆亮,,方维萱,黔西南卡林型金矿床流体包裹体中微量元素研究,地球化学,2001年,30卷,06期,p512-516
38. 舒广龙,马诗敏,刘继顺,基于斑岩成矿体系结构的深部找矿预测-以鄂东丰山铜金矿田为例,地质与勘探,2007年,43卷,02期p1-7
39. 任小华,金文洪,王瑞廷,侯俊富,钱壮志,刘莉霞,南秦岭略阳干河坝金矿床(类卡林型金矿床)地质地球化学特征,中国地质,2007年,34卷,5期p878-886
40. 冉瑞德,黔西南岩溶构造容矿金矿床特征及成矿机理--以安龙戈塘金矿床为例,贵州地质,2005年,22卷,01期p14-21
41. 秦小光,赵不亿与李甫安,环形构造成矿预测定量分析—以桂西北地区金矿预测为例.国土资源遥感,1993(2)：第54-60+8页.
42. 钱让清,杨晓勇,周文雅,高大旗,质子探针研究微细粒金的赋存状态及黄铁矿标型特征-以皖南地区金矿成矿带为例,中国科学技术大学学报,2002年,32卷,04期,p481-492
43. 钱让清,杨晓勇,黄德志,周文雅,微细粒型金矿床金的赋存状态研究-以皖西南枞阳井边金矿为例,中南工业大学学报自然科学版,2002年,33卷,03期,p225-229
44. 齐亚林,张复新,王伟涛等7人,拉尔玛金矿床与夏家店金矿床地质地球化学特征对比,地质找矿论丛,2004年,19卷,04期p217-222
45. 普传杰,高振敏,国内外卡林型金矿对比研究,云南地质,2003年,22卷,01期,p27-38
46. 潘家永,张乾与邵树勋,桂西北发现一类新的微细浸染型金矿.黄金,1998(7)：第3-6页.
47. 蒙轸,康喜逢,杨怀玉,甘肃省岷县簸箕沟金矿地质特征及成因,地质与勘探,2007年,43卷,5期p4044
48. 毛景文,西秦岭地区造山型与卡林型金矿床,矿物岩石地球化学通报,2001年,20卷,01期,p11-13
49. 毛景文,李晓峰,李厚民,曲晓明,张长青,薛春纪等11人,中国造山带内生金属矿床类型、特点和成矿过程探讨,地质学报,2005年,79卷,03期p342-372
50. 马光,刘继顺,宫丽,秦岭地区卡林型金矿地质特征,黄金,2004年,25卷,03期p8-12
51. 刘新会,张复新,吕喜旺,张志毅,陕川丁家林-太阳坪金矿地质特征与成矿条件,黄金地质,2002年,8卷,04期,p24-28
52. 刘金钟、范德廉,桂西北金牙金矿床的物质来源探讨,矿床地质,1992年,vol.11(3)：233--240。
53.刘建中,刘川勤,贵州水银洞金矿床成因探讨及成矿模式,贵州地质,2005年,22卷,01期p9-13
54. 刘建明、刘家军,滇黔桂金三角区微细浸染型金矿床的盆地流体成因模式,矿物学报,1997年,vo1.17(4)：448462。
55. 刘建明,叶杰,刘家军,顾雪祥,论我国微细浸染型金矿床与沉积盆地演化的关系——以右江盆地为例,矿床地质,2001年,20卷,04期,p367-377
56. 刘家军,杨丹,刘建明,柳振江,杨艳,毛光剑,郑明华,卡林型金矿床中自然砷的特征与成矿物理化学条件示踪,地学前缘,2007年,14卷,5期p158-166
57. 刘继顺,舒广龙,高珍权,鄂东丰山矿田卡林型金矿地质地球化学特征,地学前缘,2004年,11卷,02期p379-385
58. 李晶,陈衍景,李强之,赖勇,杨荣生,毛世东甘肃阳山金矿流体包裹体地球化学和矿床成因类型,岩石学报,2007年,23卷,9期p2144-2154
59. 李红阳,高振敏,杨竹森,罗泰义,饶文波,贵州丹寨卡林型金矿床地球化学特征,地质科学,2002年37卷01期p1-7
60. 李红阳,高振敏,杨竹森,罗泰义,饶文波,滇西上芒岗卡林型金矿床地球化学特征,黄金,2001年,22卷,06期,p1-5
61. 李红,张爱云,桂西北明山金矿床表生带矿石中氨基酸的分布特征研究,地质地球化学,2000年,28卷,第02期,p76-81
62. 李甫安,桂西北主要金矿床地质特征,广西地质,1990年,vo1.3(3)：49-64。
63. 李福顺,康如华,陈贻旺,吴迎春,袁卫,湖南高家坳金矿床成矿地质条件及找矿方向,黄金,2002年,23卷,05期,p1-3
64. 雷时斌,齐金忠,甘肃阳山金矿带地球动力学体制与多因耦合成矿作用,地质与勘探,2007年,43卷,02期p33-39
65. 贾大成,,胡瑞忠,滇黔桂地区卡林型金矿床成因探讨,矿床地质,2001年,20卷,04期,p378-384
66. 黄启勋,桂西北地区微细粒型金矿成矿信息与定量预测评价.广西地质,1996(Z1)：第168+153-167页.
67. 胡瑞忠,彭建堂,马东升,苏文超,施春华,毕献武,涂光炽,扬子地块西南缘大面积低温成矿时代,矿床地质,2007年,26卷,6期p583-596
68. 胡明安,庄新国,赵颖弘,广西卡林型金矿的成矿与找矿,中国地质大学出版社,2003年。
69. 胡明安,正构烷烃的成矿意义-以广西田林高龙卡林型金矿为例,地球科学,2003年,28,3,301-305。胡明安,广西田林高龙卡林型金矿床成矿物质来源的稀土元素示踪,地质科技情报,2003,22(3)：45-48
70. 胡明安,低温成矿系列中生物有机质的矿床学意义。地球科学,2000年第25卷第4期P375-379。
71. 何维基,赣西卡林型金矿床成矿特征及找矿方向,地质找矿论丛,2004年,19卷,03期p173-176
72. 海涛等,桂西北微细浸染型金矿找矿远景区优选.四川地质学报,2012(2)：第176-182页.
73. 国家辉,桂西北地区岩浆活动与超微粒型金矿化的关系.贵金属地质,2000(3)：第133-143页.
74. 国家辉,桂西北地区超微粒型金矿成矿条件及其成矿预测.贵金属地质,1994(3)：第233-240+200页.
75. 国家辉,桂西北地区超微粒浸染型金矿标型特征.贵金属地质,1994(4)：第289-292页.
76. 关中,李见闻,中国甘肃发现亚洲最大金矿,国土资源,2007年10期p37-39
77. 顾雪祥,右江盆地油气成藏与金成矿的时代耦合Sm-Nd同位素制约,第八届全国矿床会议,南昌,2006年11月27日.
78. 伏雄,徐刚,河南省祈子堂金矿床成矿地质条件及矿床成因,矿产与地质,2004年,18卷,06期p563-566
79. 伏雄,徐刚,河南省祈子堂金矿床(类卡林型金矿床)成矿地质条件及矿床成因,矿产与地质,2004年,18卷,06期p563-566
80. 冯建忠,邵世才,汪东波,王学明,马治国陕西八卦庙金矿脆-韧性剪切带控矿特征及成矿构造动力学机制,中国地质,2002年,29卷,01期,p58-66
81. 董耀松,范继璋,矿产勘查新理论与新方法综述,吉林地质,2005年,24卷,01期p39-44
82. 陈懋弘,毛景文,屈文俊,吴六灵,Phillip J.UTTLEY, Tony NORMAN,郑建民,秦运忠,贵州贞丰烂泥沟卡林型金矿床含砷黄铁矿Re-Os同位素测年及地质意义,地质论评,2007年,53卷,03期p371-382
83. 陈懋弘,毛景文,Phillip J. Uttley,Tony Norman,吴六灵,郑建民,秦运忠,贵州锦丰烂泥沟超大型金 矿床构造解析及构造成矿作用,矿床地质,2007年,26卷,04期p380-396
84. 陈开礼等,广西金矿地质,广西科学技术出版社,2002年。
85.包志伟,赵振华,有机质在卡林型金矿成矿过程中的作用,地质科技情报,2000年,19卷,第02期,p45-50
86. Zhang Jinliang and Chang Xiangchun.Geochemical characteristics of hydrocarbons in.finding Pb-Zn deposit, Yunnan, China and their metallogenic role.Qingdao Haiyang Daxue Xuebao=Journal of Ocean University of Qingdao (March 2003),33(2):264-274
87. Yang Wenguang, Lin Li, Zhu Lidong, Xiong Yongzhu, Pang Yanchun, and Fu Xiugen Molecular paleontology of Chengkou platinum deposit in black rock series in Chongqing, ChinaChengdu Ligong Daxue Xuebao=Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (October 2004),31(5):457-460
88. Yang Dianzhong and Xia Bin.An experiment study on the role of organic materials in ore-forming of sandstone-type uranium deposits; a case study of the Shihongtan Deposit, Turpan-Hami basins, China.Dizhi Lunping=Geological Review (March 2004),50(2):218-222
89. Tuo Jincai, Ma Wanyun, Zhang Mingfeng, and Wang Xinbin.Organic geochemistry of the Dongsheng sedimentary uranium ore deposits, China.Applied Geochemistry (September 2007),22(9):1949-1969
90. Sun Xiaoming, David I. Norman, Sun Kai, Chen Binghui, and Chen Jingde.Organic gases in fluid inclusions of ore minerals and their constraints on ore genesis:a case study of the Changkeng Au-Ag deposit, Guangdong, China.Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition) (2003),77(1):86-94
91. Stephen G Peters.Syn-deformational features of carlin-type Au deposits (in Applied structural geology for mineral exploration and mining). Journal of Structural Geology (June 2004),26(6-7):1007-1023
92. Richard M. Kettler and Greg Arehart.Did Paleozoic seawater chemistry control the formation of carlin-type gold deposits? (in Geological Society of America,2007 annual meeting, Anonymous,).Abstracts with Programs-Geological Society of America (October 2007),39(6):413
93. R. M. Tosdal, K. A. Hickey, J. A. Lubben, and J. S. Cline.Paleothermal anomalies, large scale convection of geothermal fluid, and the relative timing of deposition of gold in the carlin-type deposits of northern Nevada (U.S.A.) (in Geological Society of America,2005 annual meeting, Anonymous,).Abstracts with Programs-Geological Society of America (October 2005),37(7):419
94. Michael W. Ressel and Christopher D. Henry.Igneous Geology of the Carlin Trend, Nevada:Development of the Eocene Plutonic Complex and Significance for Carlin-Type Gold Deposits.Economic Geology, Mar 2006; 101:347-383.
95. M. Z. Min, Z. W. Meng, G Y. Sheng, Y. S. Min, and X. Liu.Organic geochemistry of paleokarst-hosted uranium deposits, South ChinaJournal of Geochemical Exploration (April 2000),68(3):211-229
96. Liu Wenjun and Lu Jialan.Organic geochemistry of the Lower Cambrian in western Hunan, China; biomineralization study of MVT lead-zinc deposits.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica (June 2000),18(2):290-296
97. Li Mangen, Zhou Wenbin, Shi Xiaoping, Zhang Shouting, and Chen Jianping.Application of biomarker compounds to assessment of paleoenvironments of 512 uranium deposit in Ili Basin, Xinjiang, China.Chengdu Ligong Xueyuan Xuebao=Journal of Chengdu Institute of Technology (2002),29(6):656-659
98. Li Fayuan, Gu Xuexiang, Fu Shaohong, and Zhang Ming.The role of organic compounds in the formation of MVT Pb-Zn deposits.Kuangwu Yanshi Diqiuhuaxue Tongbao= Bulletin of the Chinese Society of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry (October 2002),21(4):272-276
99. Junhong Chen, Malcolm R. Walter, Graham A. Logan, Mark C. Hinman, and Roger E. Summons.The Paleoproterozoic McArthur River (HYC) Pb/Zn/Ag deposit of northern Australia; organic geochemistry and ore genesis.Earth and Planetary Science Letters (May 2003),210(3-4):467-479
100. Jorge E. Spangenberg and Ursos Herlec.Hydrocarbon Biomarkers in the Topla-Meiica Zinc-Lead Deposits, Northern Karavanke/Drau Range, Slovenia:Paleoenvironment at the Site of Ore Formation.Economic Geology, Aug2006; 101:997-1021.
101. Jorge E. Spangenberg and Ursos Herlec.Hydrocarbon Biomarkers in the Topla-Meiica Zinc-Lead Deposits, Northern Karavanke/Drau Range, Slovenia:Paleoenvironment at the Site of Ore Formation.Economic Geology, Aug2006; 101:997-1021.
102. John L. Muntean, Michael P. Coward, and Charles A. Tarnocai.Reactivated Palaeozoic normal faults; controls on the formation of Carlin-type gold deposits in north-central Nevada (in Deformation of the continental crust; the legacy of Mike Coward).Geological Society Special Publications (2007),272 571-587
103. Jean S. Cline, Albert H. Hofstra, John L. Muntean, Richard M. Tosdal, and Kenneth A. Hickey.Carlin-type gold deposits in Nevada; critical geologic characteristics and viable models (in Economic Geology; one hundredth anniversary volume,1905-2005). Society of Economic Geologists, Littleton, CO, United States (2005)451-484
104. Jean S. Cline, Albert H. Hofstra, John L. Muntean, Richard M. Tosdal, and Kenneth A. Hickey.Carlin-type gold deposits in Nevada; critical geologic characteristics and viable models (in Economic Geology; one hundredth anniversary volume,1905-2005) Society of Economic Geologists, Littleton, CO, United States (2005)451-484
105. Jean S. Cline, Albert H. Hofstra, John L. Muntean, Richard M. Tosdal, and Kenneth A. Hickey.Carlin-type gold deposits in Nevada; critical geologic characteristics and viable models (in Economic Geology; one hundredth anniversary volume,1905-2005).Society of Economic Geologists, Littleton, CO, United States (2005)451-484
106. Jean S. Cline, Albert H. Hofstra, John L. Muntean, Richard M. Tosdal. and Kenneth A. Hickey.Carlin-type gold deposits in Nevada; critical geologic characteristics and viable models (in Economic Geology; one hundredth anniversary volume,1905-2005).Society of Economic Geologists, Littleton, CO, United States (2005) 451-484
107. Hu Mingan, Disnar, J.R., Sureau, J.F., Organic geochemical indicators of biological sulphate reduction in early diagenetic Zn-Pb mineralization:the Bois-Madame deposit (Card, France), Applied Geochemistry,1995, 10 (4):419-435。
108. Gaston Giuliani, Christian France-Lanord, Alain Cheilletz, Pierre Coget, Yannick Branquet, and Bernard Laumomnier.Sulfate Reduction by Organic Matter in Colombian Emerald Deposits:Chemical and Stable Isotope (C, O, H) Evidence.Economic Geology, Aug 2000; 95:1129-1153.
109. G Southam and James A. Saunders.The Geomicrobiology of Ore Deposits.Economic Geology, Sep 2005; 100: 1067-1084.
110. G Southam and James A. Saunders.The Geomicrobiology of Ore Deposits.Economic Geology, Sep 2005; 100: 1067-1084.
111. G B. Arehart and R. A. Donelick.Thermal and isotopic profiling of the Pipeline hydrothermal system; application to exploration for carlin-type gold deposits.Joumal of Geochemical Exploration (December 2006), 91(1-3):27-40
112. Francisco Velasco, Jose Miguel Herrero, Inaki Yusta, Jose Antonio Alonso, Ignacio Seebold, and David Leach.Geology and Geochemistry of the Reocin Zinc-Lead Deposit, Basque-Cantabrian Basin, Northern Spain.Economic Geology, Nov 2003; 98:1371-1396.
113. Craig Marshall, Graham Logan, Karen MacKenzie, and Malcolm R. Walter.Organic geochemistry of the McArthur River hydrothermal mineral deposit (in Dynamic Earth; past, present and future).Abstracts-Geological Society of Australia (2004),73-97
114. Craig Marshall, Graham Logan, Karen MacKenzie, and Malcolm R. Walter.Organic geochemistry of the McArthur River hydrothermal mineral deposit (in Dynamic Earth; past, present and future).Abstracts-Geological Society of Australia (2004),73-97
115. Christopher S. Palenik, Satoshi Utsunomiya, Martin Reich. Stephen E. Kesler, Lumin Wang, and Rodney C. Ewing."Invisible" gold revealed:Direct imaging of gold nanoparticles in a Carlin-type deposit.American Mineralogist, Oct 2004; 89:1359-1366.
116. Christopher S. Palenik, Satoshi Utsunomiya, Martin Reich, Stephen E. Kesler, Lumin Wang, and Rodney C. Ewing."Invisible" gold revealed:Direct imaging of gold nanoparticles in a Carlin-type deposit.American Mineralogist, Oct 2004; 89:1359-1366.
117. Christopher S. Palenik, Satoshi Utsunomiya, Martin Reich, Stephen E. Kesler, Lumin Wang, and Rodney C. Ewing."Invisible" gold revealed:Direct imaging of gold nanoparticles in a Carlin-type deposit.American Mineralogist, Oct 2004; 89:1359-1366.
118. C. P. Marshall, K. L. MacKenzie, G. A. Logan, J. Chen, P. F. Greenwood, and M. R. Walter Organic geochemistry of the McArthur River hydrothermal mineral deposit (in Organic matter; interfaces and nteractions; combined national conference of the Australian Organic Geochemists and the International Humic Substances Society; conference program and abstracts, McIntyre,).Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Petroleum, North Ryde, N.S.W., Australia (2004) 85-86
119. C. J. Nutt and C. H. Thorman.Role of low-angle to bedding-parallel faults in localizing carlin-type gold, northern Nevada (in Geological Society of America,2005 annual meeting, Anonymous,).Abstracts with Programs-Geological Society of America (October 2005),37(7):418
120. Andrew P. Gize.A special issue on Organic matter and ore deposits; interactions, applications, and case studies; introduction.Economic Geology, Nov 1999; 94:963-965.
121. Andrew P. Gize.Organic petrology applied to ore deposits (in Ore genesis and exploration; the roles of organic matter).Reviews in Economic Geology (2000),963-85
122. Chen Yuanrong, Zhuang Xiaorui, and Xu Qinghong.A common anomaly pattern of organic hydrocarbon over metallic ore deposits and its mechanism.Kuangchan yu Dizhi=Mineral Resources and Geology (2001), 15(6):738-742