新农村视野下发展贵阳市农村职业教育的对策思考
|
摘要
职业教育发展对农村现代化发展起着决定性作用。职业教育在农村现代化建设中具有不可替代的功能，是教育与农村经济的结合点，是教育与农村社会各种职业相沟通的桥梁，也是实现农村现代化的重要支柱。
职业教育是我国教育的重点和难点，近年来逾加受到党和国家的高度重视。特别是全国职业教育工作会议召开后，发展农村职业教育已引起越来越多的人关注。随着社会主义新农村建设号角的吹响，农村职业教育、终身教育的作用也越来越重要。
本论文分为三部分，旨在通过分析影响农村职业教育发展的两个因素：即教育系统内部因素(办学条件、师资、教育教学管理、办学形式、教学内容等)和教育系统外部因素(政府因素、经济因素、历史文化传统因素、自然地理条件等)，找出农村职业教育发展存在的问题，针对贵阳市自身的特点，以及农业、农村及农民的现状，找到切合贵阳市实际需要的农村职业教育模式的对策。
当前，贵阳市农村职业发展存在的根本问题是由于传统观念制约农村职业教育的发展，以及政府功能发挥不足，制度建设滞后，导致农村职业教育的总体供给不足，表现为1．农村职业教育经费短缺。2．农职校数量不足，办学条件差，专业设置不尽合理。3．专业教师严重不足。4．信息供给匮乏。同时农村职业教育内部也存在很多问题，表现为农村职业教育体系不完整，办学体制多元化格局尚未形成。缺少农村职教考核评价体系，管理体制上条块分割，农村职业学校办学自主权没有真正确立，存在着人才培训和就业分离的体制性障碍，生源相对不足。
本论文针对存在的问题，提出了发展贵阳市农村职业教育的对策：首先从教育系统内部入手，构建多元化的教育培训系统，完善农村职业学校自我激励机制。其次从教育系统外部入手，强化政府职责，制定好发展规划，建立农村职业教育经费保障机制，构建奖励扶助机制，完善督导评价机制，实施国家职业资格证书制度，建立有效的市场准入和信息沟通机制。
The development of vocational education in rural modernization played a decisive role. Vocational education in the rural areas in the modernization of the functions are irreplaceable, education and the rural economy is the point of integration, education and a wide range of careers in the rural community as a bridge of communication, but also for an important pillar of rural modernization.
Education is the focus of our education and difficulty, and by the party in recent years over China's vocational education education priorities and difficulties, in recent years more than plus by the party and the state are highly valued. Vocational education in particular the National conference on work, the development of vocational education in rural areas has attracted more and more people are concerned about. With the building of a new socialist countryside sounded the clarion call of the rural vocational education, life-long education role has become increasingly important.
This paper is divided into three parts, intended to influence through analysis of the development of vocational education in rural areas to two factors: the education system of internal factors (run, the quality of teachers, teaching management, school forms, teaching content, etc.) and education systems external factors (government factors, economic factors, history cultural traditions, natural and geographical conditions, etc.), development of vocational education in rural areas to identify existing problems, Against the characteristics of Guiyang City, as well as agriculture, rural areas and farmers to the status quo, find meet the actual needs of the Guiyang City rural vocational education model response.
At present, rural Guiyang City career development is the fundamental problem exists because of the traditional concepts constraining the development of vocational education in rural areas, and the government functioning, lack of system construction is lagging behind, leading to the overall rural vocational education insufficient supply, Performance 1. Rural Vocational Education funding shortfalls. 2. Insufficient number of agricultural vocational school, their conditions worse, professional set is irrational. 3. A serious shortage of professional teachers. 4. Information supply shortage. Internal rural vocational education at the same time there are also many problems, performance for rural vocational education system is incomplete, diversified school system has yet to take shape The lack of vocational education in rural appraisal system, the management system, fragmentation, rural vocational schools sponsoring autonomy not truly established, there is a training and employment separation of institutional obstacles, the source is relatively inadequate.
This paper aimed at the existing problems and make the development of vocational
education in rural areas in Guiyang City of responses: First start with the education system, building a wide range of education and training systems, improve rural vocational school self-incentive mechanism. Secondly start from outside the education system, strengthen the government's functions, making a good development planning, the establishment of rural mechanism to ensure funding for vocational education, and incentives to help construct mechanisms, and improve supervision evaluation mechanism, the implementation of the national vocational qualification certificate system, the establishment of effective market access and information communication mechanism.
职业教育是我国教育的重点和难点，近年来逾加受到党和国家的高度重视。特别是全国职业教育工作会议召开后，发展农村职业教育已引起越来越多的人关注。随着社会主义新农村建设号角的吹响，农村职业教育、终身教育的作用也越来越重要。
本论文分为三部分，旨在通过分析影响农村职业教育发展的两个因素：即教育系统内部因素(办学条件、师资、教育教学管理、办学形式、教学内容等)和教育系统外部因素(政府因素、经济因素、历史文化传统因素、自然地理条件等)，找出农村职业教育发展存在的问题，针对贵阳市自身的特点，以及农业、农村及农民的现状，找到切合贵阳市实际需要的农村职业教育模式的对策。
当前，贵阳市农村职业发展存在的根本问题是由于传统观念制约农村职业教育的发展，以及政府功能发挥不足，制度建设滞后，导致农村职业教育的总体供给不足，表现为1．农村职业教育经费短缺。2．农职校数量不足，办学条件差，专业设置不尽合理。3．专业教师严重不足。4．信息供给匮乏。同时农村职业教育内部也存在很多问题，表现为农村职业教育体系不完整，办学体制多元化格局尚未形成。缺少农村职教考核评价体系，管理体制上条块分割，农村职业学校办学自主权没有真正确立，存在着人才培训和就业分离的体制性障碍，生源相对不足。
本论文针对存在的问题，提出了发展贵阳市农村职业教育的对策：首先从教育系统内部入手，构建多元化的教育培训系统，完善农村职业学校自我激励机制。其次从教育系统外部入手，强化政府职责，制定好发展规划，建立农村职业教育经费保障机制，构建奖励扶助机制，完善督导评价机制，实施国家职业资格证书制度，建立有效的市场准入和信息沟通机制。
The development of vocational education in rural modernization played a decisive role. Vocational education in the rural areas in the modernization of the functions are irreplaceable, education and the rural economy is the point of integration, education and a wide range of careers in the rural community as a bridge of communication, but also for an important pillar of rural modernization.
Education is the focus of our education and difficulty, and by the party in recent years over China's vocational education education priorities and difficulties, in recent years more than plus by the party and the state are highly valued. Vocational education in particular the National conference on work, the development of vocational education in rural areas has attracted more and more people are concerned about. With the building of a new socialist countryside sounded the clarion call of the rural vocational education, life-long education role has become increasingly important.
This paper is divided into three parts, intended to influence through analysis of the development of vocational education in rural areas to two factors: the education system of internal factors (run, the quality of teachers, teaching management, school forms, teaching content, etc.) and education systems external factors (government factors, economic factors, history cultural traditions, natural and geographical conditions, etc.), development of vocational education in rural areas to identify existing problems, Against the characteristics of Guiyang City, as well as agriculture, rural areas and farmers to the status quo, find meet the actual needs of the Guiyang City rural vocational education model response.
At present, rural Guiyang City career development is the fundamental problem exists because of the traditional concepts constraining the development of vocational education in rural areas, and the government functioning, lack of system construction is lagging behind, leading to the overall rural vocational education insufficient supply, Performance 1. Rural Vocational Education funding shortfalls. 2. Insufficient number of agricultural vocational school, their conditions worse, professional set is irrational. 3. A serious shortage of professional teachers. 4. Information supply shortage. Internal rural vocational education at the same time there are also many problems, performance for rural vocational education system is incomplete, diversified school system has yet to take shape The lack of vocational education in rural appraisal system, the management system, fragmentation, rural vocational schools sponsoring autonomy not truly established, there is a training and employment separation of institutional obstacles, the source is relatively inadequate.
This paper aimed at the existing problems and make the development of vocational
education in rural areas in Guiyang City of responses: First start with the education system, building a wide range of education and training systems, improve rural vocational school self-incentive mechanism. Secondly start from outside the education system, strengthen the government's functions, making a good development planning, the establishment of rural mechanism to ensure funding for vocational education, and incentives to help construct mechanisms, and improve supervision evaluation mechanism, the implementation of the national vocational qualification certificate system, the establishment of effective market access and information communication mechanism.
引文
① 国务院关于《大力发展职业教育的决定》(国发[2005]35号文件
① http://define.cnki.net
① 十届全国人大四次会议通过的国民经济和社会发展“十一五”规划纲要
① 2006年贵阳市农村劳动力资源普查
② www.Lawtime.cn/zhishi/zyjyf/zongze/200705086439.html.
① 贵阳市农业局，贵阳市劳动与社会保障局2006年工作总结
② 贵阳市科技局2006年工作总结
① 贵阳市教育局职业与成人教育处2006年统计报表
② 国务院关于《大力发展职业教育的决定》(国发[2005]35号文件)
① 贵阳市教育局计划财务处2006年统计报表
① 王文瑾．美国的农村职业教育。职业技术教育2005年第3期
① 蒋平．欧美发达国家职业教育启示思考．中国农业教育 2006年第1期
[1] 中华人民共和国国务院．国务院关于大力推进职业教育改革与发展的决定[R]．2005-10-28．
[2] 贵州省人民政府．贵州省人民政府关于大力推进职业教育改革和发展的意见[R]．1999-5-24．
[3] 中国共产党贵阳市第七届委员会第十五次全体会议．中共贵阳市委贵阳市人民政府关于加快建设社会主义新农村的决定[R]．2005-12-27．
[4] 刘春生，徐长发．职业教育学[M]．教育科学出版社2002．
[5] 和震，耿洁．2005年中国职业教育发展述评[J]．职业技术教育2006-3．
[6] 周济．以科学发展观为指导，实现中等职业教育快速健康发展[N]．中国教育报2005-3-22．
[7] 杨志其，涂莲英．大力发展职业教育，建设社会主义新农村[J]．职教论坛2005-12．
[8] 高奇．黄炎培先生职业教育思想研究[J]．中国职业教育教育2006-5．
[9] 中国教育与人力资源问题报告课题组．从人口大国迈向人力资源强国[M]．高等教育出版社2003。
[10] 王炳照．中国职业技术教育问题的历史反思[J]．职业技术教育2005-5．
[11] 张云华，江文涛，张丽．我国中等职业教育发展现状与对策[J]．职业技术教育2006-3．
[12] 中国民主同盟中央委员会．农村职业教育和农民培训调研报告[J]．职业技术教育2006-3．
[13] 聂劲松．探析中国农职业教育发展的主要障碍[J]．职业技术教育2006-3．
[14] 任立刚，黄砾卉．农村教育问题不仅是教育问题[J]．中国农业教育2006-1．
[15] 吴苏芳，王云兰．农村剩余劳动力转移培训的供需状况分析及对策[J]．中国农业教育2006-4．
[16] 马戎，龙山．中国农村教育问题研究[M]．福建教育出版社2000．
[17] 王文礼．西部农村职教发展中存在的问题及解决途径[J]，职业技术教育2005-6．
[18] 马树超等．“十一五”期间我国职业教育改革与发展面临的主要问题[J]．职业技术教育2005-5．
[19] 胡思旭．阻碍中等职教教育经费“三个增长”的原因[J]．职业技术教育2006-3．
[20] 张社海，王征兵．构建农民职业培训支撑体系[J]．职业技术教育2005-6．
[21] 张熙．德国双元制职业教育概览[M]．海南出版社2000．
[22] 王文槿．美国的农村职业教育[J]．职业技术教育2005-3．
[23] 蒋平．欧美发达国家职业教育启示思考[J]．中国农业教育2006-1．
[24] 姜涛，沈杰，王怀明．发展农村职业技术教育促进江苏农村经济发展[J]．中国农业教育2006-4．
[25] 尹洪斌．韩国职教改革新趋向及其借鉴[J]．中国职业技术教育2006-5．
[26] 教职成[2005]1号．教育部关于加快发展中等职业教育的意见[R]2005．
[27] 胡少华，刘欣．农村劳动力转移培训应着力三大系统建设[J]．中国职业技术教育2005-9．
[28] 王可忠．当前农村劳动力转移培训存在的问题与思考[J]．中国职业技术教育2006-6．
[29] 彭干梓，夏金星．近代职业教育为什么没能在中国产生[J]．职教论坛2006-1．
[30] 叶青．农村全面建设小康社会的智力支持[J]．中国农业教育2005-6．
[31] 肖化移．试论职业教育发展的市场失灵与政府调节[J]．职教论坛2006-6．
[32] 杜智萍，樊香兰．英国旨在促进青年就业的职教改革[J]．中国职业技术教育2006-9．
[33] 钱明辉．职业教育与社会发展研究[M]．黑龙江教育出版社1999-6．
[34] Paul G. Chanpman. The Economics of Training. Published by Harvester Wheatsheaf 1993.
[35] Gary S. Becker. Human Capital. Chicago. The University of Chiacgo Press 1993.
[36] Issues facing agricu]tura] education as a state supervisor 2004. ACTE.
[37] Vocational education offerings in rural high school. July, 2002.
① http://define.cnki.net
① 十届全国人大四次会议通过的国民经济和社会发展“十一五”规划纲要
① 2006年贵阳市农村劳动力资源普查
② www.Lawtime.cn/zhishi/zyjyf/zongze/200705086439.html.
① 贵阳市农业局，贵阳市劳动与社会保障局2006年工作总结
② 贵阳市科技局2006年工作总结
① 贵阳市教育局职业与成人教育处2006年统计报表
② 国务院关于《大力发展职业教育的决定》(国发[2005]35号文件)
① 贵阳市教育局计划财务处2006年统计报表
① 王文瑾．美国的农村职业教育。职业技术教育2005年第3期
① 蒋平．欧美发达国家职业教育启示思考．中国农业教育 2006年第1期
[1] 中华人民共和国国务院．国务院关于大力推进职业教育改革与发展的决定[R]．2005-10-28．
[2] 贵州省人民政府．贵州省人民政府关于大力推进职业教育改革和发展的意见[R]．1999-5-24．
[3] 中国共产党贵阳市第七届委员会第十五次全体会议．中共贵阳市委贵阳市人民政府关于加快建设社会主义新农村的决定[R]．2005-12-27．
[4] 刘春生，徐长发．职业教育学[M]．教育科学出版社2002．
[5] 和震，耿洁．2005年中国职业教育发展述评[J]．职业技术教育2006-3．
[6] 周济．以科学发展观为指导，实现中等职业教育快速健康发展[N]．中国教育报2005-3-22．
[7] 杨志其，涂莲英．大力发展职业教育，建设社会主义新农村[J]．职教论坛2005-12．
[8] 高奇．黄炎培先生职业教育思想研究[J]．中国职业教育教育2006-5．
[9] 中国教育与人力资源问题报告课题组．从人口大国迈向人力资源强国[M]．高等教育出版社2003。
[10] 王炳照．中国职业技术教育问题的历史反思[J]．职业技术教育2005-5．
[11] 张云华，江文涛，张丽．我国中等职业教育发展现状与对策[J]．职业技术教育2006-3．
[12] 中国民主同盟中央委员会．农村职业教育和农民培训调研报告[J]．职业技术教育2006-3．
[13] 聂劲松．探析中国农职业教育发展的主要障碍[J]．职业技术教育2006-3．
[14] 任立刚，黄砾卉．农村教育问题不仅是教育问题[J]．中国农业教育2006-1．
[15] 吴苏芳，王云兰．农村剩余劳动力转移培训的供需状况分析及对策[J]．中国农业教育2006-4．
[16] 马戎，龙山．中国农村教育问题研究[M]．福建教育出版社2000．
[17] 王文礼．西部农村职教发展中存在的问题及解决途径[J]，职业技术教育2005-6．
[18] 马树超等．“十一五”期间我国职业教育改革与发展面临的主要问题[J]．职业技术教育2005-5．
[19] 胡思旭．阻碍中等职教教育经费“三个增长”的原因[J]．职业技术教育2006-3．
[20] 张社海，王征兵．构建农民职业培训支撑体系[J]．职业技术教育2005-6．
[21] 张熙．德国双元制职业教育概览[M]．海南出版社2000．
[22] 王文槿．美国的农村职业教育[J]．职业技术教育2005-3．
[23] 蒋平．欧美发达国家职业教育启示思考[J]．中国农业教育2006-1．
[24] 姜涛，沈杰，王怀明．发展农村职业技术教育促进江苏农村经济发展[J]．中国农业教育2006-4．
[25] 尹洪斌．韩国职教改革新趋向及其借鉴[J]．中国职业技术教育2006-5．
[26] 教职成[2005]1号．教育部关于加快发展中等职业教育的意见[R]2005．
[27] 胡少华，刘欣．农村劳动力转移培训应着力三大系统建设[J]．中国职业技术教育2005-9．
[28] 王可忠．当前农村劳动力转移培训存在的问题与思考[J]．中国职业技术教育2006-6．
[29] 彭干梓，夏金星．近代职业教育为什么没能在中国产生[J]．职教论坛2006-1．
[30] 叶青．农村全面建设小康社会的智力支持[J]．中国农业教育2005-6．
[31] 肖化移．试论职业教育发展的市场失灵与政府调节[J]．职教论坛2006-6．
[32] 杜智萍，樊香兰．英国旨在促进青年就业的职教改革[J]．中国职业技术教育2006-9．
[33] 钱明辉．职业教育与社会发展研究[M]．黑龙江教育出版社1999-6．
[34] Paul G. Chanpman. The Economics of Training. Published by Harvester Wheatsheaf 1993.
[35] Gary S. Becker. Human Capital. Chicago. The University of Chiacgo Press 1993.
[36] Issues facing agricu]tura] education as a state supervisor 2004. ACTE.
[37] Vocational education offerings in rural high school. July, 2002.