金融危机下我国钢铁业应对美国反倾销问题研究
摘要
本文以金融危机为背景,阐述了金融危机下,我国钢铁业遭遇来自美国等反倾销调查诉讼空前频繁,我国钢铁出口受到极大冲击,加之国内钢铁产能严重过剩,很多钢铁企业面临破产危机,通过对美国对我国钢铁业的反倾销行为分析,找出应对策略,对我国钢铁业健康和谐发展以及平稳度过危机具有一定的理论和实践意义。
论文首先研究了倾销与反倾销的基本问题,包括倾销与反倾销的基本概念、产生及发展,WTO中对倾销与反倾销的界定及规则,美国对于倾销与反倾销的法律界定等基本问题。
论文第三部分研究了我国钢铁业的发展历程,从我国钢铁业生产情况、销售情况、经营情况、进出口情况进行阐述,并分析了钢铁业发展的趋势,同时对近年来特别是金融危机后,我国钢铁业遭遇别国反倾销事件的回顾,研究了我国钢铁业遭遇反倾销的现状、问题,表明找出应对策略,帮助钢铁业走出低谷已刻不容缓。
第四部分分三节分别阐述了美国对我国钢铁业反倾销的经济、动因及法律分析。指出反倾销所具有投资跨越、贸易转移等负效应,反倾销行为的实施,很多已成为已“公平贸易”为名的滥用,对产业保护过度关注,导致了对经济效益的背离。分析了我国反倾销法律制度的缺陷,指出我国目前在反“反倾销”方面没有明确的法律规定,以及企业缺乏出口价格协调机制与反倾销应诉机制,也是致使我国应对不利的重要原因。
第五部分论文论述了日本、印度在应对反倾销中的做法及经验,并在第六部分根据我国遭遇反倾销的实际情况,提出相应的解决问题的对策建议。最后提出本文的研究结论。
Under the financial crisis, China steel industry is suffering the anti-dumping investigation litigation brought from America and many other countries. This phenomenon unprecedentedly impacted the national steel exports. Moreover, the domestic steel capacity is seriously excess, many steel enterprises are facing bankruptcy crisis. In this paper, I have analyzed the American steel anti-dumping behaviors and find out strategies which will help the steel industry to develop more healthy and harmonious.
In this paper, I state the problem as 5 parts. It firstly studies the basic problems of dumping and anti-dumping, including the basic concepts of dumping and anti-dumping, their generation and development, definitions and rules of dumping and dumping stipulated by WTO, and the legal definitions of the United States with respect to dumping and anti-dumping.
In the third part of this paper, I research the development processes in steel industry, it states contents from our nation's steel production, sales, business, import, export and the development trend of the steel industry. Moreover, in recent years, especially after the financial crisis. With the reviews of the anti-dumping events of China's steel industry, this paper put forwards the strategies in order to help steel industry to go out of whack.
The fourth part includes three sections; each respectively expounds the economic reasons and law reasons of US anti-dumping against our nation. This paper points out the anti-dumping has some negative effects such as investment span, trade transfer and the implementation of anti-dumping actions. Many have already become "fair trade" to abuse, on the industrial protection excessive attention, it led to the economic benefits of the deviation. This paper analyzes the defects of the system of anti-dumping laws. It points out it is no clear regulations and rules about "anti-dumping" now, as well as enterprises are lack of export price coordination mechanism and the anti-dumping litigation-responding mechanism. This also causes our nation have no correct countermeasures.
In the fifth part, we state the anti-dumping practices and experiences in Japan and India. And at the last part of this paper, I put forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions to solve the problem. Finally it puts forward the study conclusion.
论文首先研究了倾销与反倾销的基本问题,包括倾销与反倾销的基本概念、产生及发展,WTO中对倾销与反倾销的界定及规则,美国对于倾销与反倾销的法律界定等基本问题。
论文第三部分研究了我国钢铁业的发展历程,从我国钢铁业生产情况、销售情况、经营情况、进出口情况进行阐述,并分析了钢铁业发展的趋势,同时对近年来特别是金融危机后,我国钢铁业遭遇别国反倾销事件的回顾,研究了我国钢铁业遭遇反倾销的现状、问题,表明找出应对策略,帮助钢铁业走出低谷已刻不容缓。
第四部分分三节分别阐述了美国对我国钢铁业反倾销的经济、动因及法律分析。指出反倾销所具有投资跨越、贸易转移等负效应,反倾销行为的实施,很多已成为已“公平贸易”为名的滥用,对产业保护过度关注,导致了对经济效益的背离。分析了我国反倾销法律制度的缺陷,指出我国目前在反“反倾销”方面没有明确的法律规定,以及企业缺乏出口价格协调机制与反倾销应诉机制,也是致使我国应对不利的重要原因。
第五部分论文论述了日本、印度在应对反倾销中的做法及经验,并在第六部分根据我国遭遇反倾销的实际情况,提出相应的解决问题的对策建议。最后提出本文的研究结论。
Under the financial crisis, China steel industry is suffering the anti-dumping investigation litigation brought from America and many other countries. This phenomenon unprecedentedly impacted the national steel exports. Moreover, the domestic steel capacity is seriously excess, many steel enterprises are facing bankruptcy crisis. In this paper, I have analyzed the American steel anti-dumping behaviors and find out strategies which will help the steel industry to develop more healthy and harmonious.
In this paper, I state the problem as 5 parts. It firstly studies the basic problems of dumping and anti-dumping, including the basic concepts of dumping and anti-dumping, their generation and development, definitions and rules of dumping and dumping stipulated by WTO, and the legal definitions of the United States with respect to dumping and anti-dumping.
In the third part of this paper, I research the development processes in steel industry, it states contents from our nation's steel production, sales, business, import, export and the development trend of the steel industry. Moreover, in recent years, especially after the financial crisis. With the reviews of the anti-dumping events of China's steel industry, this paper put forwards the strategies in order to help steel industry to go out of whack.
The fourth part includes three sections; each respectively expounds the economic reasons and law reasons of US anti-dumping against our nation. This paper points out the anti-dumping has some negative effects such as investment span, trade transfer and the implementation of anti-dumping actions. Many have already become "fair trade" to abuse, on the industrial protection excessive attention, it led to the economic benefits of the deviation. This paper analyzes the defects of the system of anti-dumping laws. It points out it is no clear regulations and rules about "anti-dumping" now, as well as enterprises are lack of export price coordination mechanism and the anti-dumping litigation-responding mechanism. This also causes our nation have no correct countermeasures.
In the fifth part, we state the anti-dumping practices and experiences in Japan and India. And at the last part of this paper, I put forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions to solve the problem. Finally it puts forward the study conclusion.
引文
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[2]Patrick F. J. The Anti-Dumping Agreement. The World Trade Organization:Legal, Economic and Political Analysis,2005,485-529
[3][美]丹尼斯R.阿普尔亚德,小艾尔佛雷德J,菲尔德,龚敏,陈琛,高倩倩译.国际经济学(原书第四版),北京：机械工业出版社,2003(7)第一版
[4][美]金德尔伯格等,国际经济学.上海：上海译文出版社,1985.
[5][美]克里斯托弗·M·科斯.国际商务.北京：中国对外经济贸易出版社,1990.
[6][美]雅各布·瓦伊纳,沈瑶译.倾销：国际贸易中的一个问题.北京：商务印书馆,2003.
[7]P. J. Lloyd. Anti-Dumping and Competition Law. 2005, The World Trade Organization: Legal, Economic and Political Analysis, Part Ⅲ, A., Pages 1666-1681
[8]Reed, Michael. The WTO and anti-dumping, vol 2, Critical perspectives on the global trading system and the WTO. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, v.13, no.3, p.824-826. (Aug.2007)
[9]D. Greenaway and R. C. Hine.Trade policy and protection in the European Community. Open Economies Review,1993, Volume 4, Number 4, Pages 433-456
[10]Richard Senti. Dumping and anti-dumping measures. Intereconomics, Vol.19, P.187-193(Nov.1984)
[11]叶全良,王世春.国际商务与反倾销.北京：人民出版社,2005
[12]谢康.WTO反倾销规则.广东：广东人民出版社.2001.12
[13]赵维田.世贸组织的法律制度.长春：吉林人民出版社,2000
[14]冯大同：国际贸易法,北京：北京大学出版社,1995
[15]张幼文等.世界经济学,上海：立信会计出版社,1999
[16]王琴华.WTO多边规则与反倾销中反规避制度研究.北京：中国民主法制出版社.2006.1
[17]沈瑶.倾销与反倾销的历史起源.世界经济.2002.8
[18]张二震等.国际贸易学,南京大学出版社,1998
[19]美国加州大学、斯坦福大学法学院编译组编译.国际商法实务,北京：中央广播电视大学出版社.1998
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[21]侯海鹰.反倾销与贸易保护主义.北京：兵器工业出版社.2006.9
[22]郭媛源.论美国对华反倾销的原因与应对策略.经济研究导刊,2009,(02).
[23]王承斌.西方国家反倾销法与实务,北京：中国对外经济贸易出版社.1996.
[24]刘敏.李翠娟.全球经济不景气背景下我国钢铁业遭遇反倾销的深层原因及对策分析.经济师.2009.3
[25]段国蕊.国外反倾销研究最新发展及特点分析.国际贸易问题,2009,(02).
[26]叶茂升,杨仕辉.美国钢铁保障措施对我国钢铁产业影响的实证分析.科技和产业.2005.4
[27]沈伟.美国反倾销法最新修改述评.国际贸易问题.1996,(12).
[28]王景琦.中外反倾销法律与实务2000,(03)第一版.
[29]扬坚著.国际反倾销法律案例与对策.天津：南开大学出版社,1996.
[30]荆文辉,于建生.美国反倾销法的贸易保护作用.国际贸易问题,1995,(06).
[31]吴艾莉,周友梅.企业遭遇反倾销调查因素研究——基于钢铁行业的实证分析.现代管理科学.2009,(10).
[32]刘勇.WTO反倾销协定研究.厦门：厦门大学出版社,2005.
[33]支慧, 周慧滨.我国出口企业应对反倾销面临的问题及对策.北京：国际商务财会,2009,(01).
[34]毛丽君.中国屡遭反倾销原因分析和对策研究.中国集体经济.2008,(01).
[35]刘维蓉,华章.我国频繁遭遇反倾销之诉后的思考.2009,(02)
[36]宋海浩.反倾销现状分析及对策研究.企业经济.2007,(07).
[37]潘悦,高文书.迎战“反倾销”：国际经验与中国对策.北京：中共中央党校出版社,2005,(01)
[38]范骏.试论钢铁企业的反倾销应对.求实2004/S1
[39]程伟.国际贸易中的反倾销研究.长春：吉林大学,2008.
[40]王厚双,安江,王锦红.论日本政府应对贸易摩擦的策略.现代日本经济.2008,(05).
[41]王厚双,刘向丽,吴亚琼.日本企业应对外贸摩擦的经验研究.现代日本经济.2007,(06)
[42]文先明,邹桃,熊鹰.我国钢铁产业发展及其对外贸易的政策选择.经基地理,2008,(09).
[43]陈静.《案释WTO反倾销协议》.对外经济贸易大学出版社,2002,(01).
[44]戴永红.WIO与反倾销大战：印度个案研究.西安：电子科技大学出版社,2002,(12).
[45]杨丹,刘英国.对内保护对外壁垒欧盟的反倾销制度.南昌：江西高校出版社,2006(06).
[46]张汉林,蔡春林,屠新泉等.WTO反倾销争端案例评析.北京：人民出版社,20042005,(04).
[47]张子良.各国蜂拥对华征收钢铁产品反倾销临时关税.中国品牌与伪.2009,(12).
[48]王晰;宗毅君.钢铁行业反倾销与国际竞争力的国际比较及智猪博弈分析.经济问题探索.2008,(11).
[49]陈婷.发展中国家对我国反倾销研究.大连：大连海事大学,2009
[50]赵建军.印度对中国反倾销及对中印贸易的影响.亚太经济.2003,(14).
[51]杨仕辉.外国对华反倾销实证分析及我国对策.中国软科学.2002,(08).
[52]李坤望,王孝松.美国对华反倾销的统计分析.亚太经济.2008,(89).
[53]侯雁.基于美国反倾销的我国钢铁行业营销行为分析.企业经济.2007,(05).
[54]邹桃.我国钢铁产业发展及其政策选择.长沙：长沙理工大学,2009.
[55]沈瑶,李浩妍.国际钢铁贸易摩擦迭起之原因分析——兼论我国钢铁业的国际竞争力.国际经贸探索,2003,(06).
[2]Patrick F. J. The Anti-Dumping Agreement. The World Trade Organization:Legal, Economic and Political Analysis,2005,485-529
[3][美]丹尼斯R.阿普尔亚德,小艾尔佛雷德J,菲尔德,龚敏,陈琛,高倩倩译.国际经济学(原书第四版),北京：机械工业出版社,2003(7)第一版
[4][美]金德尔伯格等,国际经济学.上海：上海译文出版社,1985.
[5][美]克里斯托弗·M·科斯.国际商务.北京：中国对外经济贸易出版社,1990.
[6][美]雅各布·瓦伊纳,沈瑶译.倾销：国际贸易中的一个问题.北京：商务印书馆,2003.
[7]P. J. Lloyd. Anti-Dumping and Competition Law. 2005, The World Trade Organization: Legal, Economic and Political Analysis, Part Ⅲ, A., Pages 1666-1681
[8]Reed, Michael. The WTO and anti-dumping, vol 2, Critical perspectives on the global trading system and the WTO. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, v.13, no.3, p.824-826. (Aug.2007)
[9]D. Greenaway and R. C. Hine.Trade policy and protection in the European Community. Open Economies Review,1993, Volume 4, Number 4, Pages 433-456
[10]Richard Senti. Dumping and anti-dumping measures. Intereconomics, Vol.19, P.187-193(Nov.1984)
[11]叶全良,王世春.国际商务与反倾销.北京：人民出版社,2005
[12]谢康.WTO反倾销规则.广东：广东人民出版社.2001.12
[13]赵维田.世贸组织的法律制度.长春：吉林人民出版社,2000
[14]冯大同：国际贸易法,北京：北京大学出版社,1995
[15]张幼文等.世界经济学,上海：立信会计出版社,1999
[16]王琴华.WTO多边规则与反倾销中反规避制度研究.北京：中国民主法制出版社.2006.1
[17]沈瑶.倾销与反倾销的历史起源.世界经济.2002.8
[18]张二震等.国际贸易学,南京大学出版社,1998
[19]美国加州大学、斯坦福大学法学院编译组编译.国际商法实务,北京：中央广播电视大学出版社.1998
[20]王静.倾销与反倾销的经济学分析.北京：中国经济出版社.2006.5
[21]侯海鹰.反倾销与贸易保护主义.北京：兵器工业出版社.2006.9
[22]郭媛源.论美国对华反倾销的原因与应对策略.经济研究导刊,2009,(02).
[23]王承斌.西方国家反倾销法与实务,北京：中国对外经济贸易出版社.1996.
[24]刘敏.李翠娟.全球经济不景气背景下我国钢铁业遭遇反倾销的深层原因及对策分析.经济师.2009.3
[25]段国蕊.国外反倾销研究最新发展及特点分析.国际贸易问题,2009,(02).
[26]叶茂升,杨仕辉.美国钢铁保障措施对我国钢铁产业影响的实证分析.科技和产业.2005.4
[27]沈伟.美国反倾销法最新修改述评.国际贸易问题.1996,(12).
[28]王景琦.中外反倾销法律与实务2000,(03)第一版.
[29]扬坚著.国际反倾销法律案例与对策.天津：南开大学出版社,1996.
[30]荆文辉,于建生.美国反倾销法的贸易保护作用.国际贸易问题,1995,(06).
[31]吴艾莉,周友梅.企业遭遇反倾销调查因素研究——基于钢铁行业的实证分析.现代管理科学.2009,(10).
[32]刘勇.WTO反倾销协定研究.厦门：厦门大学出版社,2005.
[33]支慧, 周慧滨.我国出口企业应对反倾销面临的问题及对策.北京：国际商务财会,2009,(01).
[34]毛丽君.中国屡遭反倾销原因分析和对策研究.中国集体经济.2008,(01).
[35]刘维蓉,华章.我国频繁遭遇反倾销之诉后的思考.2009,(02)
[36]宋海浩.反倾销现状分析及对策研究.企业经济.2007,(07).
[37]潘悦,高文书.迎战“反倾销”：国际经验与中国对策.北京：中共中央党校出版社,2005,(01)
[38]范骏.试论钢铁企业的反倾销应对.求实2004/S1
[39]程伟.国际贸易中的反倾销研究.长春：吉林大学,2008.
[40]王厚双,安江,王锦红.论日本政府应对贸易摩擦的策略.现代日本经济.2008,(05).
[41]王厚双,刘向丽,吴亚琼.日本企业应对外贸摩擦的经验研究.现代日本经济.2007,(06)
[42]文先明,邹桃,熊鹰.我国钢铁产业发展及其对外贸易的政策选择.经基地理,2008,(09).
[43]陈静.《案释WTO反倾销协议》.对外经济贸易大学出版社,2002,(01).
[44]戴永红.WIO与反倾销大战：印度个案研究.西安：电子科技大学出版社,2002,(12).
[45]杨丹,刘英国.对内保护对外壁垒欧盟的反倾销制度.南昌：江西高校出版社,2006(06).
[46]张汉林,蔡春林,屠新泉等.WTO反倾销争端案例评析.北京：人民出版社,20042005,(04).
[47]张子良.各国蜂拥对华征收钢铁产品反倾销临时关税.中国品牌与伪.2009,(12).
[48]王晰;宗毅君.钢铁行业反倾销与国际竞争力的国际比较及智猪博弈分析.经济问题探索.2008,(11).
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