信息化促进中国城乡一体化研究
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摘要
统筹城乡发展、推进城乡一体化是我国新形势下改革开放和现代化建设的必然要求。中国有着世界上最庞大的农民群体,农业、农村、农民问题关系改革发展和稳定大局。着力破除城乡二元结构,缩小城乡差距,形成城乡经济社会发展一体化新格局,这是贯彻落实科学发展观、构建和谐社会的重大举措。
城乡一体化的关键在于形成以工促农、以城带乡的长效机制,协调推进工业化、城镇化和农业现代化,改变以往牺牲农业发展工业策略和城市偏向策略,坚持工业反哺农业,城市支持农村,城乡开放互通,优势互补,良性互动,让农民市民化,推进基本公共服务城乡均等化,赋予农民公平的国民待遇和发展机会,使城乡居民共享现代文明与改革成果。发展现代农业,提高农民收入和生活水平,从根本上解决“三农”问题。
城乡一体化离不开信息化。因为在知识经济时代,信息化能够有效缩短城乡的知识差距和经济差距,在转变经济增长方式、调整经济结构、提高竞争力等方面发挥着重要的作用,以信息化带动工业化、走新型工业化和城市化道路是我国当前以及未来城乡一体化发展的必由之路。我国近些年信息化得到快速发展,但基本上还停留在企业信息化和城市信息化方面,以信息化促进城乡一体化尚处于探索阶段。本文正是从信息化的辐射影响层面,探讨采取何种战略、何种模式加速推进城乡一体化进程。
本文以城乡一体化发展为宗旨,以公共产品理论、二元经济结构理论、经济辐射理论和信息化理论、信息资源配置理论为参照系,从信息化促进城乡一体化的视角出发,在对信息化和城乡一体化内涵界定的基础上,提出了信息化促进城乡一体化的基本概念。同时剖析了国内现阶段信息化促进城乡一体化的发展现状和存在问题,概括了国外信息化发展的体系和先进经验,进而对信息化促进城乡一体化中的政府地位、融资体系以及多种运行模式进行了分析,并从国内不同区域、不同主体的信息化促进城乡一体化的助推样本中,探讨信息化促进城乡一体化的多种可能性,以及电视、广播、报纸、互联网、手机报等传统媒体与新媒体在信息化促进城乡一体化中的传播路径。
本文研究认为,在信息化促进城乡一体化进程中,政府的角色力量和职能作用尤为重要,在我国农村经济发展落后,通信基础设施薄弱,“最后一公里”问题突出的情况下,必须强化政府在生产要素流动、农村公共产品供给、城乡居民机会平等等方面的作用,建立政府主导、多方参与、以工促农、以城带乡的体系和机制,加大政府财政投入,同时利用政府投资的“乘数效应”,营造多元化的投资主体,建立多元化的投融资体系;在政府的引导下,根据各地区不同的经济条件和发展状况,因地制宜地采取多种信息化促进城乡一体化的助推模式；在对农传播路径方面,既要充分拓展互联网、手机等新媒体的传播渠道,又要高度重视传统媒体的作用,解决城市对农传播的弱化问题,在我国现实国情下,只有综合运用各类传媒,使其取长补短,互相补充,才能共同打通城市对农村信息辐射路径的阻碍和瓶颈。
本文研究的实证着力点是对东北地区的代表性城市——哈尔滨市信息化促进城乡一体化的分析,通过对哈尔滨市进行实证研究,分析了哈尔滨市充分利用信息化所带来的各方面发展条件、以信息化促进城乡一体化的优势和已起到的重要作用,剖析了哈尔滨市信息化促进城乡一体化的能力、效果和问题,为对策建议的提出提供了借鉴和参考。东北地区是我国的重点商品粮生产基地,也是推进城乡一体化的重点、难点地区,本文的分析视角落在哈尔滨这一国内具有典型代表性的特定区域内,所进行的实证研究,对于加快信息化促进城乡一体化进程,具有很强的典型借鉴意义。
Balancing urban-rural development and impelling urban-rural integration are two inevitable trends under the new situations of China's reform and opening up as well as modernization. China has the biggest farmer group, issues of agriculture, rural areas and farmers relate closely to the general situations of reform, development and stability. Eliminate urban-rural dual structure and reduce urban-rural disparity to construct urban and rural integration, a new pattern of economic and social development, is an important measure to implement scientific concept of development and build a harmonious society.
The keys of urban-rural integration lie in the following aspects:build long-term mechanisms of industry promoting agriculture and urban areas leading rural areas; advance industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization coordinately; change the previous pattern of developing industry and urban areas with the sacrifice of agriculture; insist on the policies of industry re-feeding agriculture and urban areas supporting rural areas to achieve mutual intercommunication, complementary advantages and positive interaction of urban and rural areas; transform farmers to townspeople and promote urban-rural equalization in basic public service; endow farmers with equal national treatment and developing opportunity for them to share common modern civilization and reform achievement. Develop modern agriculture and raise the income and living standards of farmers to solve the issues of agriculture, farmer and rural area fundamentally.
Urban-rural integration can not do without informatization, for the latter one is capable of narrowing the knowledge and economic gaps between urban and rural areas efficiently in the era of knowledge economy. Informatization also plays an important role in the areas of changing economic growth pattern, adjusting economic structure and improving competitiveness; a new road of industrialization and urbanization with informatization leading industry is the only way to develop urban-rural integration in present and future China. The informatization in our country has rapidly developed in recent years, but basically still stuck in the enterprise and urban informatizations, which makes informatization improving urban-rural areas still in exploring stage. It is from this paper and the informatization with its influenced levels to explore what strategies and modes will help promote the process of urban-rural integration.
Aiming at the development of urban-rural integration, this paper compares several theories (such as public goods theory, dual economic structure theory, economic radiation theory, informatization theory and information resources allocation theory) and from the point view of informatization promoting urban-rural integration, it brings the basic concept of informatization promoting urban-rural integration on the basis of defining informatization and urban-rural integration. At the same time, it analyzes the current situations and problems of informatization promoting the development of urban-rural integration in China and summarizes its paths both at home and abroad;and further analyzes the government's position, financing system as well as several operating modes and discusses various possibilities of informatization promoting urban-rural integration out of samples of different regions and subjects in China to explore the publicizing path in conventional media and new media, such as television, broadcasting, newspaper, internet, mobile newspaper, etc..
This study suggests that during the process of informatization promoting urban-rural integration, government's roles of power and function are especially important. In China, under the situations of backward economic development in rural areas, weak communication infrastructure and serious problem of "the last one kilometer", government's functions should be enforced in the flow of production factors, rural public goods supply and equal opportunities for both urban and rural citizens, etc.. Meanwhile, the system and mechanism of government-oriented, multi-participation, industry promotes agriculture and urban areas lead rural areas should be built. Increasing government's financial input, creating a diversified investment subject and building a diversified investing and financing system with the multiplier effect of government investment are vital here. Under the guidance of government, take various modes of informatization promoting urban-rural integration according to the local economic conditions and development situations. In the aspect of publicizing path to rural areas, we should not only expand the publicizing path of new media but also pay high attention to the effect of conventional media to solve the problem of weak publicizing of urban areas to rural areas; under the actual situations of China, only joint work of all kinds of medias complementing each other will we unblock the obstacles and limitations of publicizing path of urban areas to rural areas.
The empirical study of this paper focuses on analyzing the fact of informatization promoting urban-rural integration in a representative city of Northeast China-Harbin, it discusses the developing conditions, advantages and importance of informatization promoting urban-rural integration as well as its ability, results, problems which provides references and consultations for corresponding solutions. Northeast China is an important commodity grain production base, and also an important and difficult area for implementing urban-rural integration. The analysis of this perspective falls in Harbin, a representative area in Northeast China; and through the study of this area, it must have strong practical significance to speed up the process of informatization promoting urban-rural integration.
城乡一体化的关键在于形成以工促农、以城带乡的长效机制,协调推进工业化、城镇化和农业现代化,改变以往牺牲农业发展工业策略和城市偏向策略,坚持工业反哺农业,城市支持农村,城乡开放互通,优势互补,良性互动,让农民市民化,推进基本公共服务城乡均等化,赋予农民公平的国民待遇和发展机会,使城乡居民共享现代文明与改革成果。发展现代农业,提高农民收入和生活水平,从根本上解决“三农”问题。
城乡一体化离不开信息化。因为在知识经济时代,信息化能够有效缩短城乡的知识差距和经济差距,在转变经济增长方式、调整经济结构、提高竞争力等方面发挥着重要的作用,以信息化带动工业化、走新型工业化和城市化道路是我国当前以及未来城乡一体化发展的必由之路。我国近些年信息化得到快速发展,但基本上还停留在企业信息化和城市信息化方面,以信息化促进城乡一体化尚处于探索阶段。本文正是从信息化的辐射影响层面,探讨采取何种战略、何种模式加速推进城乡一体化进程。
本文以城乡一体化发展为宗旨,以公共产品理论、二元经济结构理论、经济辐射理论和信息化理论、信息资源配置理论为参照系,从信息化促进城乡一体化的视角出发,在对信息化和城乡一体化内涵界定的基础上,提出了信息化促进城乡一体化的基本概念。同时剖析了国内现阶段信息化促进城乡一体化的发展现状和存在问题,概括了国外信息化发展的体系和先进经验,进而对信息化促进城乡一体化中的政府地位、融资体系以及多种运行模式进行了分析,并从国内不同区域、不同主体的信息化促进城乡一体化的助推样本中,探讨信息化促进城乡一体化的多种可能性,以及电视、广播、报纸、互联网、手机报等传统媒体与新媒体在信息化促进城乡一体化中的传播路径。
本文研究认为,在信息化促进城乡一体化进程中,政府的角色力量和职能作用尤为重要,在我国农村经济发展落后,通信基础设施薄弱,“最后一公里”问题突出的情况下,必须强化政府在生产要素流动、农村公共产品供给、城乡居民机会平等等方面的作用,建立政府主导、多方参与、以工促农、以城带乡的体系和机制,加大政府财政投入,同时利用政府投资的“乘数效应”,营造多元化的投资主体,建立多元化的投融资体系;在政府的引导下,根据各地区不同的经济条件和发展状况,因地制宜地采取多种信息化促进城乡一体化的助推模式；在对农传播路径方面,既要充分拓展互联网、手机等新媒体的传播渠道,又要高度重视传统媒体的作用,解决城市对农传播的弱化问题,在我国现实国情下,只有综合运用各类传媒,使其取长补短,互相补充,才能共同打通城市对农村信息辐射路径的阻碍和瓶颈。
本文研究的实证着力点是对东北地区的代表性城市——哈尔滨市信息化促进城乡一体化的分析,通过对哈尔滨市进行实证研究,分析了哈尔滨市充分利用信息化所带来的各方面发展条件、以信息化促进城乡一体化的优势和已起到的重要作用,剖析了哈尔滨市信息化促进城乡一体化的能力、效果和问题,为对策建议的提出提供了借鉴和参考。东北地区是我国的重点商品粮生产基地,也是推进城乡一体化的重点、难点地区,本文的分析视角落在哈尔滨这一国内具有典型代表性的特定区域内,所进行的实证研究,对于加快信息化促进城乡一体化进程,具有很强的典型借鉴意义。
Balancing urban-rural development and impelling urban-rural integration are two inevitable trends under the new situations of China's reform and opening up as well as modernization. China has the biggest farmer group, issues of agriculture, rural areas and farmers relate closely to the general situations of reform, development and stability. Eliminate urban-rural dual structure and reduce urban-rural disparity to construct urban and rural integration, a new pattern of economic and social development, is an important measure to implement scientific concept of development and build a harmonious society.
The keys of urban-rural integration lie in the following aspects:build long-term mechanisms of industry promoting agriculture and urban areas leading rural areas; advance industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization coordinately; change the previous pattern of developing industry and urban areas with the sacrifice of agriculture; insist on the policies of industry re-feeding agriculture and urban areas supporting rural areas to achieve mutual intercommunication, complementary advantages and positive interaction of urban and rural areas; transform farmers to townspeople and promote urban-rural equalization in basic public service; endow farmers with equal national treatment and developing opportunity for them to share common modern civilization and reform achievement. Develop modern agriculture and raise the income and living standards of farmers to solve the issues of agriculture, farmer and rural area fundamentally.
Urban-rural integration can not do without informatization, for the latter one is capable of narrowing the knowledge and economic gaps between urban and rural areas efficiently in the era of knowledge economy. Informatization also plays an important role in the areas of changing economic growth pattern, adjusting economic structure and improving competitiveness; a new road of industrialization and urbanization with informatization leading industry is the only way to develop urban-rural integration in present and future China. The informatization in our country has rapidly developed in recent years, but basically still stuck in the enterprise and urban informatizations, which makes informatization improving urban-rural areas still in exploring stage. It is from this paper and the informatization with its influenced levels to explore what strategies and modes will help promote the process of urban-rural integration.
Aiming at the development of urban-rural integration, this paper compares several theories (such as public goods theory, dual economic structure theory, economic radiation theory, informatization theory and information resources allocation theory) and from the point view of informatization promoting urban-rural integration, it brings the basic concept of informatization promoting urban-rural integration on the basis of defining informatization and urban-rural integration. At the same time, it analyzes the current situations and problems of informatization promoting the development of urban-rural integration in China and summarizes its paths both at home and abroad;and further analyzes the government's position, financing system as well as several operating modes and discusses various possibilities of informatization promoting urban-rural integration out of samples of different regions and subjects in China to explore the publicizing path in conventional media and new media, such as television, broadcasting, newspaper, internet, mobile newspaper, etc..
This study suggests that during the process of informatization promoting urban-rural integration, government's roles of power and function are especially important. In China, under the situations of backward economic development in rural areas, weak communication infrastructure and serious problem of "the last one kilometer", government's functions should be enforced in the flow of production factors, rural public goods supply and equal opportunities for both urban and rural citizens, etc.. Meanwhile, the system and mechanism of government-oriented, multi-participation, industry promotes agriculture and urban areas lead rural areas should be built. Increasing government's financial input, creating a diversified investment subject and building a diversified investing and financing system with the multiplier effect of government investment are vital here. Under the guidance of government, take various modes of informatization promoting urban-rural integration according to the local economic conditions and development situations. In the aspect of publicizing path to rural areas, we should not only expand the publicizing path of new media but also pay high attention to the effect of conventional media to solve the problem of weak publicizing of urban areas to rural areas; under the actual situations of China, only joint work of all kinds of medias complementing each other will we unblock the obstacles and limitations of publicizing path of urban areas to rural areas.
The empirical study of this paper focuses on analyzing the fact of informatization promoting urban-rural integration in a representative city of Northeast China-Harbin, it discusses the developing conditions, advantages and importance of informatization promoting urban-rural integration as well as its ability, results, problems which provides references and consultations for corresponding solutions. Northeast China is an important commodity grain production base, and also an important and difficult area for implementing urban-rural integration. The analysis of this perspective falls in Harbin, a representative area in Northeast China; and through the study of this area, it must have strong practical significance to speed up the process of informatization promoting urban-rural integration.
引文
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