VMI环境下钢铁公司下游供应链管理优化研究
|
摘要
在日益激烈的市场竞争环境中,企业内部管理方法日渐完善与成熟。通过提高劳动生产率和节约企业内部资源来增加利润的空间正逐步缩小,企业之间的竞争也不再是单个企业之间的竞争,而是各自供应链之间的竞争。如何开辟利润增长的新源泉成为摆在管理者面前的一个新问题。
二十世纪八十年代以来,供应链及供应链管理的研究给这一问题提供了一个崭新的视角,供应链管理研究也逐渐成为学术界和企业界关注的热点。在研究和应用供应链管理逐渐升温的过程中,供应链及供应链管理的优化在提高企业竞争力方面的重要性日益凸显。同时,也不断出现产生了一些供应链管理优化的相关理论,例如:供应商管理库存体系(VMI),信息共享理论,供应链成本管理理论等。
首先,本文在参考国内外研究成果的基础上,结合目前有关供应链管理优化理论的研究,主要通过理论分析、案例分析、仿真模拟几个方面研究供应链优化管理。文章通过对钢铁公司及其下游供应链管理现状的介绍,分析了该供应链上存在的管理问题和制约因素,结合供应商管理库存理论以及信息共享技术设计出该供应链的管理优化方案,并进一步将优化方案应用到供应链仿真模型上,以验证优化方案的有效性。之后,文章以供应链成本管理理论为基础,建立供应商管理库存系统下整合供应链成本目标函数,并通过优化求解为企业决策者提供决策依据。
最后,做出全文总结及展望。在总结全文的基础上指出:VMI模式和信息共享技术打破了传统的各自为政的管理模式,体现了供应链的集成化管理思想,而供应链成本管理作为供应链管理的重要部分,也已经成为企业的第三利润源泉,供应链优化理论的广泛运用是必然趋势。
Under the increasingly intense competitive marketing circumstances, management methods inside enterprises become more and more improved and matured. But increasing profits by improving labor productivity and conserving internal resources are becoming gradually narrow. So to speak, competition among enterprises is no longer a competition between individual enterprises but between their respective supply chains. The managers have to face the problem that how to find out a new source of profit.
Since the 1980s, the study of supply chain and supply chain management had provided a new perspective to this problem. And research of supply chain management has become the focus both of the business and academic community. During the process of the research and application of supply chain management, the advantage of improving the competitiveness of enterprises by supply chain management and supply chain optimization become increasingly prominent. At the same time, some supply chain management optimization theorys become much more popular, such as Vendor Management Inventory (VMI), Information Sharing theory and Supply Chain Cost Management theory (SCCM).
On the basis of Supply Chain Management Optimization theory research domestically and abroad, this paper mainly analysis and simulate the supply chain optimization management. The paper analyses the down steam of Steel Company to find out the existing problems. And in the next part, the paper uses VMI theory and information-sharing technologies to design optimization measures to optimize the supply chain. Furthermore, the paper applied the optimization measures to the supply chain simulation model to test the effectiveness. In the last part, combining with supply chain cost management theory, the paper establishes the cost objective function under VMI system to find out the optimized solution for enterprise decision makers.
Based on the mentioned above, the paper concludes that VMI model and information-sharing technologies, which reflects the integrated ideas of supply chain management, have broken the fragmentation of the traditional mode of management. And as an important part of supply chain management, supply chain cost management has become the third source of profit of enterprises. Application of supply chain optimization theory is an inevitable trend.
二十世纪八十年代以来,供应链及供应链管理的研究给这一问题提供了一个崭新的视角,供应链管理研究也逐渐成为学术界和企业界关注的热点。在研究和应用供应链管理逐渐升温的过程中,供应链及供应链管理的优化在提高企业竞争力方面的重要性日益凸显。同时,也不断出现产生了一些供应链管理优化的相关理论,例如:供应商管理库存体系(VMI),信息共享理论,供应链成本管理理论等。
首先,本文在参考国内外研究成果的基础上,结合目前有关供应链管理优化理论的研究,主要通过理论分析、案例分析、仿真模拟几个方面研究供应链优化管理。文章通过对钢铁公司及其下游供应链管理现状的介绍,分析了该供应链上存在的管理问题和制约因素,结合供应商管理库存理论以及信息共享技术设计出该供应链的管理优化方案,并进一步将优化方案应用到供应链仿真模型上,以验证优化方案的有效性。之后,文章以供应链成本管理理论为基础,建立供应商管理库存系统下整合供应链成本目标函数,并通过优化求解为企业决策者提供决策依据。
最后,做出全文总结及展望。在总结全文的基础上指出:VMI模式和信息共享技术打破了传统的各自为政的管理模式,体现了供应链的集成化管理思想,而供应链成本管理作为供应链管理的重要部分,也已经成为企业的第三利润源泉,供应链优化理论的广泛运用是必然趋势。
Under the increasingly intense competitive marketing circumstances, management methods inside enterprises become more and more improved and matured. But increasing profits by improving labor productivity and conserving internal resources are becoming gradually narrow. So to speak, competition among enterprises is no longer a competition between individual enterprises but between their respective supply chains. The managers have to face the problem that how to find out a new source of profit.
Since the 1980s, the study of supply chain and supply chain management had provided a new perspective to this problem. And research of supply chain management has become the focus both of the business and academic community. During the process of the research and application of supply chain management, the advantage of improving the competitiveness of enterprises by supply chain management and supply chain optimization become increasingly prominent. At the same time, some supply chain management optimization theorys become much more popular, such as Vendor Management Inventory (VMI), Information Sharing theory and Supply Chain Cost Management theory (SCCM).
On the basis of Supply Chain Management Optimization theory research domestically and abroad, this paper mainly analysis and simulate the supply chain optimization management. The paper analyses the down steam of Steel Company to find out the existing problems. And in the next part, the paper uses VMI theory and information-sharing technologies to design optimization measures to optimize the supply chain. Furthermore, the paper applied the optimization measures to the supply chain simulation model to test the effectiveness. In the last part, combining with supply chain cost management theory, the paper establishes the cost objective function under VMI system to find out the optimized solution for enterprise decision makers.
Based on the mentioned above, the paper concludes that VMI model and information-sharing technologies, which reflects the integrated ideas of supply chain management, have broken the fragmentation of the traditional mode of management. And as an important part of supply chain management, supply chain cost management has become the third source of profit of enterprises. Application of supply chain optimization theory is an inevitable trend.
引文
[1]于霞,VMI供应链管理环境下的库存管理方法[J],现代物流,2004,(2):17-19
[2]马士华,库存不再疼痛—VMI如何整编供应链中的库存管理权[J],中国商贸,2001,(22):39-42
[3]马士华,林勇,陈志祥,供应链管理[M],机械工业出版社,2002:235-255
[4]Forrester J,Industrial Dynamic[M],New York:MIT Press and wiley & Sons,Inc,1961:21-42
[5]Hau.L.Lee,V.Padmanabhan,S.Whang,Information Distortion in a Supply Chain:The Bullwhip Effect[J],Management Science,1997b,(43):546-558
[6]Padmanabhan V,Lee HL,Whang S,The Bullwhip Effect in Supply Chain[J],Sloan Management Review,1997,(3):93-102
[7]Phillip W.Balsmeier,Wendell J.Voisin,Supply Chain Management:A Time—Based Strategy[J],Industrial Management,1996,38(5):24-27
[8]Janak Singly,The importance of information flow within the supply chain[J],Logistics information Management,1996,9(4):28-30
[9]Patricak Walsh,Adamantios Koumpis,Introducing the concept of information supply chains:the buddy project[J],Logistics Information Management,1998,11(2):74-79
[10]Keller P.Miline,The effect of(s,S)ordering police on the supply chain[J],Production Economics,1999,(59):113-122
[11]Donald J.Bowersox,David J.Closs,M.BixbyCooper,Supply Chain Logistics Management[M],The McGraw-Hill Companie,r,Inc.,2002
[12]黄小原,卢震,多分销中心供应链模型及其牛鞭效应的H_∞控制[J],中国管理科学,2003,2,42-47
[13]万杰,李敏强,寇纪淞,供应链中分配机制对牛鞭效应的影响研究[J],系统工程学报,2002,8:340-348
[14]王迎军,郭亚军,供应链中的信息流[J],工业工程与管理,2000,3:37-40
[15]张钦,达庆利,沈厚才,在ARIMA(0,1,1)需求下的牛鞭效应与信息共享的评价[J],中国管理科学,2001,12:1-6
[16]牛芳,乔卓,董颖颖,信息不对称情况下供应链库存控制研究[J],工业工程,2003,3:58-60
[17]赵林度,供应链与物流管理理论与实务[M],北京:机械工业出版社,2003:30-39
[18]卢震,黄小原,供应链牛鞭效应的随机控制[J],信息与控制,2003,2:36-39
[19]康伟,生产制造行业VMI管理及其对供应链的影响[J],物流技术与应用,2003, 4:57
[20]Hines.Peter,Matthias Holweg.Waves,beaches,breakwaters and rip currents:A three-dimensional view of supply chain dynamics[J],Intemational Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management,2000,30(10):827-846
[21]徐文亮,等,VMI下的供应链库存系统分析[J],管理现代化,2002,(11):23-24
[22]浦徐进,基于供应链的供货方管理库存系统(VMI)研究[D],博士学位论文,中国科技大学,2006,11
[23]陈光军,EDI技术在现代物流管理中的应用[J],中国管理信息化,2007,10(5):8
[24]宁宇新,供应链环境下的成本研究[J],价值工程,2006,(7):16-18
[25]桂良军,供应链成本管理理论基础和方法研究[J],管理科学文摘,2006,(5):28-31
[26]宋华,基于供应链流程的物流成本核算与管理[J],中国人民大学学报,2005,20(15)
[27]纪作哲,供应链成本管理:利润增长的新源泉[J],商业研究,2002,(1),8-10
[28]中国上海世界博览会注册报告——财务计划,http//www.expo2010china.com/expo/Chinese/rdzt/expobgzy/userobjectlai9260.html
[29]构成整车特征的汽车零部件进口管理办法,中华人民共和国海关总署公告,2005,4
[30]唐建军,李长荣,洪新,钢铁企业信息化研究[J],上海金属,2003,25(3):24-28
[31]中国钢铁工业协会,中国钢铁企业信息化及其技术的发展(上)[J],中国钢铁业,2004,(11):17-19
[32]张国宏,国内钢铁企业的信息化建设[J],武钢技术,2004,42(3):39-42
[33]郭雨春,钢铁业信息化的未来[N],中国计算机报,2003,12:6
[34]钟勇,郑海桥,加入WTO我国汽车行业面临的冲击与对策[J],汽车研究与开发,2001,1:4-7
[35]郭海洋,胡树华,陈丽娜,面对挑战的中国汽车工业发展趋势研究[J],汽车研究与开发,2001,(6):1-4
[36]瞿熙鼎,史美伦,现代钢铁企业物流技术的理论探讨[J],钢铁,2002,37(12):72-76
[37]赵维臣,供应链周期管理与时间压缩[J],物流科技,2005,10(126):24
[38]杨泽涛,龙子泉,基于VMI的物流配送中心信息系统的规划与设计[J],物流技术,2002,(9):20-22
[39]郑瑞奎,供应链环境下的库存研究[D],硕士学位论文,西南交通大学,2001,3
[40]耿慧芳,对供应链管理牛鞭效应问题的研究及对中国企业的启发[D],硕士学位论文,对外经济贸易大学,2006,3
[41]唐宏祥,VMI对供应链性能的影响分析[J],中国管理科学,2004,12(2):60-65
[42]刘丽文,袁佳瑞,VMI环境下的库存与发货模型研究[J],中国管理科学,2003,11(5):31-36
[43]孙元欣,供应链长鞭效应的模型与分析[J],上海大学学报(自然科学版),2001,3:278-282
[44]赵林度,李时伟,VMI实现模式[J],中国管理科学,2002,8(11):124-130
[45]项明,严广乐,基于VMI的库存控制策略模型的研究[J],现代管理科学,2003,3
[46]Stefan Seuring,Maria Gvldbach主编,郭晓飞译,供应链成本管理[M],北京:清华大学出版社,2004
[47]姜俊,基于供应链管理的竞争优势分析[J],企业活力,2004,2:54-55
[48]刘丽文,供应链管理思想及其理论和方法的发展过程[J],管理科学学报,2003,6(2):81-88
[49]孙元欣,供应链管理原理[M],上海:上海财经大学出版社,2003
[50]项明,严广乐,基于VMI的库存控制策略模型的研究[J],现代管理科学2003,(3):56-57
[51]杨泽涛,海峰,VMI虚拟团队运作及其工作流管理[J],科学学与科学技术管理,2002,(10):81-84
[52]徐章一,马士华,应用供应链管理思想改造传统工业企业[J],工业工程与管理,2001,(5):59-61
[53]马士华,供应链企业之间的合作模式[M],东南大学出版社,2003,6
[54]J.Dejonckheere,S.M.Disney,M.R.Lambrecht,D.R.Towill,The impact of information enrichment on the Bullwhip effect in supply chains:A control engineering perspective[J],European Journal of Operational Research,2004,153:727-750
[55]马新安,张列平,田澎,供应链中的时滞[J],系统工程理论与实践,2002,(5):97-102
[56]袁惠卿,仿真技术的特点及其应用[J],航天工业管理,1994,(6):27-29
[57]任常锐,柴路廷,刘义,供应链仿真技术的发展现状与趋势[J],计算机集成制造—CIMS,2004,10(2):121-126
[58]马士华,林勇,陈志祥,供应链管理中的不确定性[J],科技进步管理,2003,(4):78-79
[59]杰里米·夏皮罗(Jeremy Shapiro)著,供应链建模(英文版)[M],北京:中信出版社,2002
[60]北京威特尼斯科技中心,WITNESS仿真系统基础教程[M],北京:2003
[61]陈剑,蔡连侨,供需链建模与优化[J],系统工程理论与实践,2001,10(2):26-33
[62]鞠彦兵,甘仞初,赵玉明,供应链系统仿真模型及优化[J],工业工程,2006, 9(1):85～89
[63]汪峰,陶德馨,Witness仿真软件在集装箱码头模拟系统中的应用[J],交通与计算机,2003,21(2):64-66
[64]明谦,H汽车公司供应链环境下整车物流管理的研究[D],硕士学位论文,电子科技大学,2005
[65]李祥富,成都神钢供应链的供应商及物流问题研究[D],硕士学位论文,电子科技大学,2006
[66]S.M.Disney,D.R.Towill,The effect of vendor managed inventory(VMI)dynamics on the Bullwhip Effect in supply chains[J],Production Economics,2003,85:199-215
[67]LT.W.Thonemann,Improving supply-chain performance by sharing advance demand information[J],European Journal of Operational Research,2002,142:81-107
[68]Xiaolong Zhang,Delayed demand information and dampened bullwhip effect[J],Operations Research Letters,2005,33:289-294
[69]JoseA.D.Machuca,Rafael P.Barajas,The impact of electronic data interchange on reducing bullwhip effect and supply chain inventory costs[J],Transportation Research Part E,2004,40:209-228
[70]Anshuman Gupta,Costas D.Maranas,Managing demand uncertainty in supply chain planning[J],Computers and Chemical Engineering,2003,27:1219-1227
[71]Cetinkaya S,Lee C Y,Stock replenishment and shipment scheduling for Vendor Managed Inventory systems[J],Management Science,2000,46(2):217-232
[72]Kaipia R,Holmstrom J,Yanskanen K,VMI:What are you losing if you let your your customer place orders[J],Production Planning and Control,2002,13(1):17-25
[73]Axsater S,A note on stock replenishment and shipment scheduling for Vendor Inventory systems[J],Management Science,2001,47(9):1306-1310
[74]Lendermann,P.,B.P.Gan,L.McGinnis,Distributed simulation with incorporated APS procedures for high—fidelity supply chain optimization,Proceedings of the 2001Winter Simulation Conference[C],Piscataway,New Jersey:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,2001:1138-1145
[75]Sanjay Jain,Ngai Fong Choong,Modeling computer assembly operations for supply chain integration[A],In:E.Yucesan,C.H.Chen,J.L.Snowdon,J.M.Chames,eds.,Proceedings of the 2002 Winter Simulation Conference[C],Piscataway,New Jersey:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,2002
[77]Frank then,Z.Drezner,J.K.Ryan.Quantifying the Bullwhip Effect in a Simple Supply Chain:The Impact of Forecasting,Lead Times and Information[J],Management Science,2000,46(3):436-443
[2]马士华,库存不再疼痛—VMI如何整编供应链中的库存管理权[J],中国商贸,2001,(22):39-42
[3]马士华,林勇,陈志祥,供应链管理[M],机械工业出版社,2002:235-255
[4]Forrester J,Industrial Dynamic[M],New York:MIT Press and wiley & Sons,Inc,1961:21-42
[5]Hau.L.Lee,V.Padmanabhan,S.Whang,Information Distortion in a Supply Chain:The Bullwhip Effect[J],Management Science,1997b,(43):546-558
[6]Padmanabhan V,Lee HL,Whang S,The Bullwhip Effect in Supply Chain[J],Sloan Management Review,1997,(3):93-102
[7]Phillip W.Balsmeier,Wendell J.Voisin,Supply Chain Management:A Time—Based Strategy[J],Industrial Management,1996,38(5):24-27
[8]Janak Singly,The importance of information flow within the supply chain[J],Logistics information Management,1996,9(4):28-30
[9]Patricak Walsh,Adamantios Koumpis,Introducing the concept of information supply chains:the buddy project[J],Logistics Information Management,1998,11(2):74-79
[10]Keller P.Miline,The effect of(s,S)ordering police on the supply chain[J],Production Economics,1999,(59):113-122
[11]Donald J.Bowersox,David J.Closs,M.BixbyCooper,Supply Chain Logistics Management[M],The McGraw-Hill Companie,r,Inc.,2002
[12]黄小原,卢震,多分销中心供应链模型及其牛鞭效应的H_∞控制[J],中国管理科学,2003,2,42-47
[13]万杰,李敏强,寇纪淞,供应链中分配机制对牛鞭效应的影响研究[J],系统工程学报,2002,8:340-348
[14]王迎军,郭亚军,供应链中的信息流[J],工业工程与管理,2000,3:37-40
[15]张钦,达庆利,沈厚才,在ARIMA(0,1,1)需求下的牛鞭效应与信息共享的评价[J],中国管理科学,2001,12:1-6
[16]牛芳,乔卓,董颖颖,信息不对称情况下供应链库存控制研究[J],工业工程,2003,3:58-60
[17]赵林度,供应链与物流管理理论与实务[M],北京:机械工业出版社,2003:30-39
[18]卢震,黄小原,供应链牛鞭效应的随机控制[J],信息与控制,2003,2:36-39
[19]康伟,生产制造行业VMI管理及其对供应链的影响[J],物流技术与应用,2003, 4:57
[20]Hines.Peter,Matthias Holweg.Waves,beaches,breakwaters and rip currents:A three-dimensional view of supply chain dynamics[J],Intemational Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management,2000,30(10):827-846
[21]徐文亮,等,VMI下的供应链库存系统分析[J],管理现代化,2002,(11):23-24
[22]浦徐进,基于供应链的供货方管理库存系统(VMI)研究[D],博士学位论文,中国科技大学,2006,11
[23]陈光军,EDI技术在现代物流管理中的应用[J],中国管理信息化,2007,10(5):8
[24]宁宇新,供应链环境下的成本研究[J],价值工程,2006,(7):16-18
[25]桂良军,供应链成本管理理论基础和方法研究[J],管理科学文摘,2006,(5):28-31
[26]宋华,基于供应链流程的物流成本核算与管理[J],中国人民大学学报,2005,20(15)
[27]纪作哲,供应链成本管理:利润增长的新源泉[J],商业研究,2002,(1),8-10
[28]中国上海世界博览会注册报告——财务计划,http//www.expo2010china.com/expo/Chinese/rdzt/expobgzy/userobjectlai9260.html
[29]构成整车特征的汽车零部件进口管理办法,中华人民共和国海关总署公告,2005,4
[30]唐建军,李长荣,洪新,钢铁企业信息化研究[J],上海金属,2003,25(3):24-28
[31]中国钢铁工业协会,中国钢铁企业信息化及其技术的发展(上)[J],中国钢铁业,2004,(11):17-19
[32]张国宏,国内钢铁企业的信息化建设[J],武钢技术,2004,42(3):39-42
[33]郭雨春,钢铁业信息化的未来[N],中国计算机报,2003,12:6
[34]钟勇,郑海桥,加入WTO我国汽车行业面临的冲击与对策[J],汽车研究与开发,2001,1:4-7
[35]郭海洋,胡树华,陈丽娜,面对挑战的中国汽车工业发展趋势研究[J],汽车研究与开发,2001,(6):1-4
[36]瞿熙鼎,史美伦,现代钢铁企业物流技术的理论探讨[J],钢铁,2002,37(12):72-76
[37]赵维臣,供应链周期管理与时间压缩[J],物流科技,2005,10(126):24
[38]杨泽涛,龙子泉,基于VMI的物流配送中心信息系统的规划与设计[J],物流技术,2002,(9):20-22
[39]郑瑞奎,供应链环境下的库存研究[D],硕士学位论文,西南交通大学,2001,3
[40]耿慧芳,对供应链管理牛鞭效应问题的研究及对中国企业的启发[D],硕士学位论文,对外经济贸易大学,2006,3
[41]唐宏祥,VMI对供应链性能的影响分析[J],中国管理科学,2004,12(2):60-65
[42]刘丽文,袁佳瑞,VMI环境下的库存与发货模型研究[J],中国管理科学,2003,11(5):31-36
[43]孙元欣,供应链长鞭效应的模型与分析[J],上海大学学报(自然科学版),2001,3:278-282
[44]赵林度,李时伟,VMI实现模式[J],中国管理科学,2002,8(11):124-130
[45]项明,严广乐,基于VMI的库存控制策略模型的研究[J],现代管理科学,2003,3
[46]Stefan Seuring,Maria Gvldbach主编,郭晓飞译,供应链成本管理[M],北京:清华大学出版社,2004
[47]姜俊,基于供应链管理的竞争优势分析[J],企业活力,2004,2:54-55
[48]刘丽文,供应链管理思想及其理论和方法的发展过程[J],管理科学学报,2003,6(2):81-88
[49]孙元欣,供应链管理原理[M],上海:上海财经大学出版社,2003
[50]项明,严广乐,基于VMI的库存控制策略模型的研究[J],现代管理科学2003,(3):56-57
[51]杨泽涛,海峰,VMI虚拟团队运作及其工作流管理[J],科学学与科学技术管理,2002,(10):81-84
[52]徐章一,马士华,应用供应链管理思想改造传统工业企业[J],工业工程与管理,2001,(5):59-61
[53]马士华,供应链企业之间的合作模式[M],东南大学出版社,2003,6
[54]J.Dejonckheere,S.M.Disney,M.R.Lambrecht,D.R.Towill,The impact of information enrichment on the Bullwhip effect in supply chains:A control engineering perspective[J],European Journal of Operational Research,2004,153:727-750
[55]马新安,张列平,田澎,供应链中的时滞[J],系统工程理论与实践,2002,(5):97-102
[56]袁惠卿,仿真技术的特点及其应用[J],航天工业管理,1994,(6):27-29
[57]任常锐,柴路廷,刘义,供应链仿真技术的发展现状与趋势[J],计算机集成制造—CIMS,2004,10(2):121-126
[58]马士华,林勇,陈志祥,供应链管理中的不确定性[J],科技进步管理,2003,(4):78-79
[59]杰里米·夏皮罗(Jeremy Shapiro)著,供应链建模(英文版)[M],北京:中信出版社,2002
[60]北京威特尼斯科技中心,WITNESS仿真系统基础教程[M],北京:2003
[61]陈剑,蔡连侨,供需链建模与优化[J],系统工程理论与实践,2001,10(2):26-33
[62]鞠彦兵,甘仞初,赵玉明,供应链系统仿真模型及优化[J],工业工程,2006, 9(1):85～89
[63]汪峰,陶德馨,Witness仿真软件在集装箱码头模拟系统中的应用[J],交通与计算机,2003,21(2):64-66
[64]明谦,H汽车公司供应链环境下整车物流管理的研究[D],硕士学位论文,电子科技大学,2005
[65]李祥富,成都神钢供应链的供应商及物流问题研究[D],硕士学位论文,电子科技大学,2006
[66]S.M.Disney,D.R.Towill,The effect of vendor managed inventory(VMI)dynamics on the Bullwhip Effect in supply chains[J],Production Economics,2003,85:199-215
[67]LT.W.Thonemann,Improving supply-chain performance by sharing advance demand information[J],European Journal of Operational Research,2002,142:81-107
[68]Xiaolong Zhang,Delayed demand information and dampened bullwhip effect[J],Operations Research Letters,2005,33:289-294
[69]JoseA.D.Machuca,Rafael P.Barajas,The impact of electronic data interchange on reducing bullwhip effect and supply chain inventory costs[J],Transportation Research Part E,2004,40:209-228
[70]Anshuman Gupta,Costas D.Maranas,Managing demand uncertainty in supply chain planning[J],Computers and Chemical Engineering,2003,27:1219-1227
[71]Cetinkaya S,Lee C Y,Stock replenishment and shipment scheduling for Vendor Managed Inventory systems[J],Management Science,2000,46(2):217-232
[72]Kaipia R,Holmstrom J,Yanskanen K,VMI:What are you losing if you let your your customer place orders[J],Production Planning and Control,2002,13(1):17-25
[73]Axsater S,A note on stock replenishment and shipment scheduling for Vendor Inventory systems[J],Management Science,2001,47(9):1306-1310
[74]Lendermann,P.,B.P.Gan,L.McGinnis,Distributed simulation with incorporated APS procedures for high—fidelity supply chain optimization,Proceedings of the 2001Winter Simulation Conference[C],Piscataway,New Jersey:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,2001:1138-1145
[75]Sanjay Jain,Ngai Fong Choong,Modeling computer assembly operations for supply chain integration[A],In:E.Yucesan,C.H.Chen,J.L.Snowdon,J.M.Chames,eds.,Proceedings of the 2002 Winter Simulation Conference[C],Piscataway,New Jersey:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,2002
[77]Frank then,Z.Drezner,J.K.Ryan.Quantifying the Bullwhip Effect in a Simple Supply Chain:The Impact of Forecasting,Lead Times and Information[J],Management Science,2000,46(3):436-443