台肇地区井网调整方法研究及综合治理研究
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摘要
低渗透砂岩储层广泛发育于我国各含油气盆地之中,其资源量约占全国石油资源量的30%。低渗透砂岩由于比较致密,岩石的强度及脆性程度较大,因而在构造应力场作用下容易产生脆性破裂形成裂缝,据统计我国发育裂缝的低渗透砂岩储层约占低渗透储层的80%。裂缝即是储集空间,又是渗流通道,控制着油藏的渗流系统,因此,裂缝及其渗流网络系统研究是裂缝性油田合理开发的关键。因此,提高对低渗透砂岩储层裂缝的整体研究水平,扩大其动用储量,无疑将对我国石油工业的持续稳定发展和“稳定东部”的方针政策具有长远的战略意义。本文,针对该区注水开发过程中暴露出的主要矛盾,以肇212井区为例,应用油藏数值模拟技术开展了在现有井网基础上的加密调整研究,主要取得了以下成果。
1.根据岩心、薄片和测井等资料的观察分析,并通过与其它典型裂缝性油田对比,台肇地区储层裂缝比较发育,裂缝是该区重要的渗流通道,影响着油田流体的渗流系统,对油田开发井网的部署或调整、注水效果分析和压裂改造等有重要的影响。
2.裂缝对油田开发的影响包括油田开发井网部署、注水、人工压裂等方面。根据裂缝的分布特征及其在开发中所起作用和油藏数值模拟研究,矩形井网和菱形井网是这类低渗油田开发较为合理的井网。
3.针对该区注水开发过程中暴露出的主要矛盾,以肇212井区(断块)为例,开展了现有井网加密调整的油藏数值模拟研究,结果表明:在原有注采井网基础上,在原井排对角线中点加密油井,转注原井网注水井的一对角井,形成与裂缝方向夹角为45o的反九点法井网。待新井网角井水淹后,转注,形成150m排距线性注水井网,效果较好,采收率有较大的提高。
The low permeability sandstone reservoirs widely develop in petroliferous basins in our country, which account for 30% of the national petroleum resource. The low permeability sandstone is characterized by density, large rock strength and brittleness, so brittle fracture can be developed under tectonic stress field. According to statistics, the low permeability sandstone reservoirs with developed fractures account for 80% of the national low permeability sandstone reservoirs. Fractures are not only reservoir spaces, but also permeable channels, which control flow matrix of reservoir. And, the research on fracture and its seepage network system is the key to reasonable development of fracturing field. Therefore, improving the integral research level of fractures of low permeability sandstone reservoir and expanding producing reserves, absolutely have deep and great significance for sustainable and stable development of national petroleum industry and the policy of“stabilize east”. In this paper, aiming at the main contradiction existed in waterflooding process for this area, and taking Zhao 212 as an example, the study on infilled adjustment for the existing pattern have been carried out by use of reservoir numerical simulation. The following main outcome and conclusions are achieved.
1.According to core, flake and logging data, compared with other typical fracturing field, the fractures in Taizhao reservoir develop well, and the fractures are important flow channels in this area, which influence on the flow matrix, the pattern arrangement and adjustment, the injection effectiveness analysis and fracturing operation.
2.Fractures have influences on oilfield development, which include well-net array, water injection and hydraulic fracturing, etc. Based on the characteristic and function of fractures distribution, and reservoir numerical simulation, rectangular pattern and diamond shaped pattern are reasonable in the low permeability oilfield development.
3.Aiming at the main contradiction existed in waterflooding process, and taking Zhao 212 as an example, the study on infilled adjustment for the existing pattern have been carried out by means of reservoir numerical simulation. The result shows that, based on the existing flooding well network, a production well is infilled at the center point of diagonal of initial well drain, and a diagonal well in initial injection wells is converted. Thus, inverted nine-spot injection pattern is produced, the angle between which and fracture is 45o. After water out of corner well in new well pattern, conversion can produce linear injection pattern with 150m row spacing. The effect is good, and the recovery ratio is greatly improved..
1.根据岩心、薄片和测井等资料的观察分析,并通过与其它典型裂缝性油田对比,台肇地区储层裂缝比较发育,裂缝是该区重要的渗流通道,影响着油田流体的渗流系统,对油田开发井网的部署或调整、注水效果分析和压裂改造等有重要的影响。
2.裂缝对油田开发的影响包括油田开发井网部署、注水、人工压裂等方面。根据裂缝的分布特征及其在开发中所起作用和油藏数值模拟研究,矩形井网和菱形井网是这类低渗油田开发较为合理的井网。
3.针对该区注水开发过程中暴露出的主要矛盾,以肇212井区(断块)为例,开展了现有井网加密调整的油藏数值模拟研究,结果表明:在原有注采井网基础上,在原井排对角线中点加密油井,转注原井网注水井的一对角井,形成与裂缝方向夹角为45o的反九点法井网。待新井网角井水淹后,转注,形成150m排距线性注水井网,效果较好,采收率有较大的提高。
The low permeability sandstone reservoirs widely develop in petroliferous basins in our country, which account for 30% of the national petroleum resource. The low permeability sandstone is characterized by density, large rock strength and brittleness, so brittle fracture can be developed under tectonic stress field. According to statistics, the low permeability sandstone reservoirs with developed fractures account for 80% of the national low permeability sandstone reservoirs. Fractures are not only reservoir spaces, but also permeable channels, which control flow matrix of reservoir. And, the research on fracture and its seepage network system is the key to reasonable development of fracturing field. Therefore, improving the integral research level of fractures of low permeability sandstone reservoir and expanding producing reserves, absolutely have deep and great significance for sustainable and stable development of national petroleum industry and the policy of“stabilize east”. In this paper, aiming at the main contradiction existed in waterflooding process for this area, and taking Zhao 212 as an example, the study on infilled adjustment for the existing pattern have been carried out by use of reservoir numerical simulation. The following main outcome and conclusions are achieved.
1.According to core, flake and logging data, compared with other typical fracturing field, the fractures in Taizhao reservoir develop well, and the fractures are important flow channels in this area, which influence on the flow matrix, the pattern arrangement and adjustment, the injection effectiveness analysis and fracturing operation.
2.Fractures have influences on oilfield development, which include well-net array, water injection and hydraulic fracturing, etc. Based on the characteristic and function of fractures distribution, and reservoir numerical simulation, rectangular pattern and diamond shaped pattern are reasonable in the low permeability oilfield development.
3.Aiming at the main contradiction existed in waterflooding process, and taking Zhao 212 as an example, the study on infilled adjustment for the existing pattern have been carried out by means of reservoir numerical simulation. The result shows that, based on the existing flooding well network, a production well is infilled at the center point of diagonal of initial well drain, and a diagonal well in initial injection wells is converted. Thus, inverted nine-spot injection pattern is produced, the angle between which and fracture is 45o. After water out of corner well in new well pattern, conversion can produce linear injection pattern with 150m row spacing. The effect is good, and the recovery ratio is greatly improved..
引文
[1]丁原辰,邵兆刚.测定岩石经历的最高古应力状态实验研究[J].地球科学—中国地质大学学报,2001,26(1):99-104
[2]丁中一,钱祥麟,霍红.构造裂缝定量预测的一种新方法-二元法[J].石油与天然气地质,1998,19(1):1-17
[3]李道品.低渗透砂岩油田开发[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997
[4]李福军.天然裂缝性油藏数值模拟[J].国外油田工程,1996,18 (2):10-13
[5]李松泉,唐曾熊.低渗透油田开发的合理井网[J].石油学报,1998,19(3):52-55
[6]李志明,张金珠.地应力与油气勘探开发[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997
[7]刘洪涛,曾联波,房宝才,张玉广.裂缝对大庆台肇地区低渗透砂岩储层注水的影响[J].石油大学学报,2005,29(4):68-72
[8]史成恩,李健,雷启洪等.特低渗透油田井网形式研究及实践[J].石油勘探与开发,2002, 29(5):59-61
[9]宋惠珍,曾海容,孙君秀.储层构造裂缝预测方法及其应用[J].地震地质,1999,21(3):205-213
[10]孙庆和,何玺,李长禄.特低渗透微缝特征及对注水开发效果的影响[J].石油学报,2000, 21(4):52-57
[11]万天丰.构造应力场研究的新进展[J].地学前缘,1995,2(2):226-235
[12]王秀娟,孙贻铃,迟博,周淑华.松辽盆地台肇地区油田储层裂缝及地应力特征[J].高校地质学报,1999,5(3):328-333
[13]杨思玉,宋新民.特低渗透油藏井网型式数值模拟研究[J].石油勘探与开发,2001,28(6):64-67
[14]张莉.反转构造盆地裂缝特征—以松辽盆地大庆三肇地区为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2002,23(4):361-364
[15]曾联波,田崇鲁,刘刚.松辽盆地南部低渗砂岩储层裂缝及其开发特征[J].石油大学学报,1998,22(2):11-13
[16]曾联波,田崇鲁.构造应力场在隐蔽性油气藏勘探中的应用[J] .现代地质,1998,12(3):401-405
[17]曾联波,田崇鲁.构造应力场与低渗透油田开发[J].石油勘探与开发,1998,25(3):91-93
[18]曾联波,文世鹏,肖淑容.低渗透油气储层裂缝空间分布的定量预测[J] .中国石油勘探, 1998,3(2):24-26
[19]曾联波.低渗透砂岩油气储层裂缝及其渗流特征[J].地质科学,2004,39(1):11-17
[20] Bai,T.Pollard, David D. Fracture spacing in layered rocks: a new explanationbased on the stress transition[J]. Journal of Structural Geology,2000,22(1):43-57
[21] Finkbeiner,T. C.A.Barton,M.D.Zoback. Relationships among in-situ stress, fractures and faults, and fluid flow: Monterey formation, Santa Maria basin,California[J]. AAPG bulletin, 1997, 81(12):1975-1999
[22] Gross,M.R.The origin and spacing of cross joints:examples from the Monterey Formation, Santa Barbara Coastline,California[J].J Struct Geol.1993,15(6):737-751
[23] Howard J H. Description of natural fracture systems for quantitative use in petroleum geology[J]. AAPG,1990,74(2):151-162
[24] Ji S Zhu Z and Wang Z.Relationship between joint spacing and bed thickness in sedimentary rocks:effect of interbed slip[J].Geol Mag,1998,135(5):637-655
[25] Ladeira,F L,and N J Price.Relationship between fracture spacing and bed thickness[J]. J Struct Geol,1981,3(2):179-183
[26] Michael R.Gross,The origin and spacing of cross joints:examples from the Monterey Formation,Sanata Barbara Coastline,California[J] .J Sturct Geol,1993, 15(6):737-751
[27] Narr,W.Fracture density in the deep subsurface:Techiques with application to Point Arguello oil field[J]. AAPG Bulletin,1991,75(8):1300-1323
[28] Narr,W and I Lerche.A method for estimating subsurface fracture density in core[J] .AAPG Bulletin, 1984,68(8):637-648
[29] Narr,W and Suppe J.Joint spacing in sedimentary rocks[J].J Struct.Geol,1991,13(9):1037-1048
[30] Nelson,R A.Geologic analysis of naturally fractured reservoires[M].Gulf Publishing Company,1985
[31] Wu,H and Pollard,D. An experimental study of the relationship between joint spacing and layer thickness[J].J Struct Geol,1995,17(6):887-905
[2]丁中一,钱祥麟,霍红.构造裂缝定量预测的一种新方法-二元法[J].石油与天然气地质,1998,19(1):1-17
[3]李道品.低渗透砂岩油田开发[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997
[4]李福军.天然裂缝性油藏数值模拟[J].国外油田工程,1996,18 (2):10-13
[5]李松泉,唐曾熊.低渗透油田开发的合理井网[J].石油学报,1998,19(3):52-55
[6]李志明,张金珠.地应力与油气勘探开发[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997
[7]刘洪涛,曾联波,房宝才,张玉广.裂缝对大庆台肇地区低渗透砂岩储层注水的影响[J].石油大学学报,2005,29(4):68-72
[8]史成恩,李健,雷启洪等.特低渗透油田井网形式研究及实践[J].石油勘探与开发,2002, 29(5):59-61
[9]宋惠珍,曾海容,孙君秀.储层构造裂缝预测方法及其应用[J].地震地质,1999,21(3):205-213
[10]孙庆和,何玺,李长禄.特低渗透微缝特征及对注水开发效果的影响[J].石油学报,2000, 21(4):52-57
[11]万天丰.构造应力场研究的新进展[J].地学前缘,1995,2(2):226-235
[12]王秀娟,孙贻铃,迟博,周淑华.松辽盆地台肇地区油田储层裂缝及地应力特征[J].高校地质学报,1999,5(3):328-333
[13]杨思玉,宋新民.特低渗透油藏井网型式数值模拟研究[J].石油勘探与开发,2001,28(6):64-67
[14]张莉.反转构造盆地裂缝特征—以松辽盆地大庆三肇地区为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2002,23(4):361-364
[15]曾联波,田崇鲁,刘刚.松辽盆地南部低渗砂岩储层裂缝及其开发特征[J].石油大学学报,1998,22(2):11-13
[16]曾联波,田崇鲁.构造应力场在隐蔽性油气藏勘探中的应用[J] .现代地质,1998,12(3):401-405
[17]曾联波,田崇鲁.构造应力场与低渗透油田开发[J].石油勘探与开发,1998,25(3):91-93
[18]曾联波,文世鹏,肖淑容.低渗透油气储层裂缝空间分布的定量预测[J] .中国石油勘探, 1998,3(2):24-26
[19]曾联波.低渗透砂岩油气储层裂缝及其渗流特征[J].地质科学,2004,39(1):11-17
[20] Bai,T.Pollard, David D. Fracture spacing in layered rocks: a new explanationbased on the stress transition[J]. Journal of Structural Geology,2000,22(1):43-57
[21] Finkbeiner,T. C.A.Barton,M.D.Zoback. Relationships among in-situ stress, fractures and faults, and fluid flow: Monterey formation, Santa Maria basin,California[J]. AAPG bulletin, 1997, 81(12):1975-1999
[22] Gross,M.R.The origin and spacing of cross joints:examples from the Monterey Formation, Santa Barbara Coastline,California[J].J Struct Geol.1993,15(6):737-751
[23] Howard J H. Description of natural fracture systems for quantitative use in petroleum geology[J]. AAPG,1990,74(2):151-162
[24] Ji S Zhu Z and Wang Z.Relationship between joint spacing and bed thickness in sedimentary rocks:effect of interbed slip[J].Geol Mag,1998,135(5):637-655
[25] Ladeira,F L,and N J Price.Relationship between fracture spacing and bed thickness[J]. J Struct Geol,1981,3(2):179-183
[26] Michael R.Gross,The origin and spacing of cross joints:examples from the Monterey Formation,Sanata Barbara Coastline,California[J] .J Sturct Geol,1993, 15(6):737-751
[27] Narr,W.Fracture density in the deep subsurface:Techiques with application to Point Arguello oil field[J]. AAPG Bulletin,1991,75(8):1300-1323
[28] Narr,W and I Lerche.A method for estimating subsurface fracture density in core[J] .AAPG Bulletin, 1984,68(8):637-648
[29] Narr,W and Suppe J.Joint spacing in sedimentary rocks[J].J Struct.Geol,1991,13(9):1037-1048
[30] Nelson,R A.Geologic analysis of naturally fractured reservoires[M].Gulf Publishing Company,1985
[31] Wu,H and Pollard,D. An experimental study of the relationship between joint spacing and layer thickness[J].J Struct Geol,1995,17(6):887-905