ASP模式下IT外包中的风险缓解策略研究
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摘要
随着支持ASP模式的IT技术的不断成熟，越来越多的IT服务提供商进入ASP服务市场，采用ASP模式提供IT应用服务成为许多IT服务提供商新的盈利模式和发展战略，ASP模式已经成为IT产业发展的重要趋势之一。ASP客户，特别是大量中小型ASP客户希望采用ASP模式下的应用服务解决方案对企业的业务流程进行重组和优化，对企业管理进行变革，提高企业的整体信息化水平，进而提高企业的竞争优势。采用ASP模式下的IT应用服务，无论对ASP提供商还是ASP客户来说都应该是双赢的结果，然而ASP模式本身的特征决定了ASP模式下IT外包中参与交易的ASP提供商和ASP客户双方都面临着很大的风险，这些风险成为ASP模式发展的重要障碍。缓解ASP模式下IT外包中的风险，使得ASP模式的潜在优势变为现实，已经成为理论界和实务界迫切需要解决的课题。鉴于此，本文在梳理IT外包风险和ASP模式下IT外包风险文献的基础上，指出ASP提供商的能力不足、ASP客户的IT能力不足、ASP提供商与ASP客户之间的信息不对称是导致ASP模式下IT外包风险的主要风险因素，并从下面三个方面研究了ASP模式下IT外包中的风险缓解策略。
首先，针对ASP服务市场的信息不对称给ASP客户带来的可能会选择能力不足的ASP提供商的逆向选择风险进行研究。分析了导致ASP模式下IT外包服务市场效率低下的主要因素。采用信息经济学的信号传递理论和信息甄别理论阐述ASP提供商能力的第三方认证的机理。并进一步提出ASP提供商能力第三方认证制度的关键要素。研究结果为ASP市场中的第三方信息中介机构的建立奠定了理论基础。
其次，针对ASP模式下关键业务应用服务外包中的ASP提供商道德风险缓解机制进行研究。针对ASP提供商提供关键业务应用服务中ASP提供商的能力构建和激励问题，建立ASP提供商在提供关键业务应用服务过程中需要执行系统运营服务和业务咨询服务两项任务的多任务委托代理模型并求解。对三种不同能力构建模式的ASP提供商在提供关键业务应用服务过程中激励机制进行分析。分析表明在对ASP提供商在两个维度上的任务进行激励时，对三种能力构建模式的ASP提供商将分别产生不同的激励效果，并最终对ASP客户的业务运营绩效带来影响。研究结果为ASP客户选择和激励ASP提供商以及ASP提供商选择市场进入战略提供了理论依据和指导。
最后，针对ASP模式下IT外包中ASP客户IT能力不足这一风险因素的缓解策略进行研究。阐述了ASP模式下IT外包中ASP客户构建和保留核心IT能力的重要意义。提出保证ASP模式下IT外包成功，缓解IT外包风险的ASP客户的核心IT能力模型。最后对ASP客户核心IT能力的构建模式、构建路径和构建核心IT能力所面临的挑战进行了分析。研究结果为ASP客户在采用ASP模式下IT外包过程掌握自身的IT命运，构建核心IT能力提供了理论基础。
With the continuous maturity of supporting ASP model IT technology, more andmore IT service providers enter the ASP service market. Using ASP model to provide ITapplication service has been the new profit model and development stratety of many ITservice providers, ASP model has become one of the important trends in IT industry.ASP customers, especially a large number of small and medium-sized ASP customerswish to adopt application service solutions of ASP model to reengineer and optimize theenterprise business process and reform the enterprise management, improve the overallinformatization level of the enterprise, then enhance the competitive advantage of theenterprise. Using ASP model IT application service, the ASP providers and ASPcustomers should get the win-win result, however the characteristics of the ASP modelitself determine that both ASP providers and ASP custmers face great risks during ASPmodel IT outsourcing, the risks have become the major obstacle to the development ofASP model. To mintigate the risks of ASP model IT outsourcing, and turn the potentialadvantage of ASP model into reality has been the urgent problem for the theory circleand practice circle to solve. For this reason, based on the literature review of IToutsourcing risks and IT outsourcing risks of ASP model, the incapacity of ASPproviders, the IT incapability of ASP customers, the information asymmetry betweenASP providers and ASP customers are pointed out to be the major risk factors, and studythe risk mitigation policies from the following three aspects.
Firstly, to solve problem of the adverse selection that ASP customers may choosethe incapable ASP providers due to the information asymmetry of ASP service market,the risk migigation policy is studied. The major factors that result in low efficiency ofASP model IT service market are analysesed. The Signalling theory and Screeningtheroy of the Information Economics are adopted to explain the mechnism of the ThirdParty Certification of ASP providers’ capabiltiy. The critical elements of the Third PartyCertification of ASP providers’ capabiltiy are proposed. The results can lay a theoreticalfoundation for the establishment of the third party information internediary.
Secondly, to cope with the problem of the ASP providers’ moral hazard duringbusiness critical application service outsourcing, the risk mitigation mechinism isstudied. To solve the issues of the capability construction and motivation of the ASPproviers when they provide business critical applicaion service, the multi-task pricipal-agent model is set up and solved when the ASP providers excute two tasks ofthe system operation service and the business consulting service. The incentivemechanisms of three capability construction models are analysesed. From the study, ifASP providers’ two-dimension tasks are motivated, the incentive results arerespectively different to ASP providers among three kinds of capability constructionmodels, this finally impacts ASP customers’ operation performance. The results can notonly supply a theoretical basis and guideline for the ASP customers to select andmotivate the ASP providers, but also can give the theoretical support for the ASPproviders to choose market entry strategies.
Finally, to solve the problem of the ASP customers’ IT incapabity, the riskmitigation policy is studied. The significance of core IT capabilities for ASP customersto master their IT destinies during ASP model IT outsourcing is explained. Ninecapabilities consisting of core IT capabilities model are explained in detail. The formsand path of core IT capabilities construction is put forth, meanwhile, challenges of corecapabilities building-up are analyzed. The results can provide a theoretical basis andguidance for ASP customers to construct Core IT capabilities and choose the suitableconstruction form and path.
首先，针对ASP服务市场的信息不对称给ASP客户带来的可能会选择能力不足的ASP提供商的逆向选择风险进行研究。分析了导致ASP模式下IT外包服务市场效率低下的主要因素。采用信息经济学的信号传递理论和信息甄别理论阐述ASP提供商能力的第三方认证的机理。并进一步提出ASP提供商能力第三方认证制度的关键要素。研究结果为ASP市场中的第三方信息中介机构的建立奠定了理论基础。
其次，针对ASP模式下关键业务应用服务外包中的ASP提供商道德风险缓解机制进行研究。针对ASP提供商提供关键业务应用服务中ASP提供商的能力构建和激励问题，建立ASP提供商在提供关键业务应用服务过程中需要执行系统运营服务和业务咨询服务两项任务的多任务委托代理模型并求解。对三种不同能力构建模式的ASP提供商在提供关键业务应用服务过程中激励机制进行分析。分析表明在对ASP提供商在两个维度上的任务进行激励时，对三种能力构建模式的ASP提供商将分别产生不同的激励效果，并最终对ASP客户的业务运营绩效带来影响。研究结果为ASP客户选择和激励ASP提供商以及ASP提供商选择市场进入战略提供了理论依据和指导。
最后，针对ASP模式下IT外包中ASP客户IT能力不足这一风险因素的缓解策略进行研究。阐述了ASP模式下IT外包中ASP客户构建和保留核心IT能力的重要意义。提出保证ASP模式下IT外包成功，缓解IT外包风险的ASP客户的核心IT能力模型。最后对ASP客户核心IT能力的构建模式、构建路径和构建核心IT能力所面临的挑战进行了分析。研究结果为ASP客户在采用ASP模式下IT外包过程掌握自身的IT命运，构建核心IT能力提供了理论基础。
With the continuous maturity of supporting ASP model IT technology, more andmore IT service providers enter the ASP service market. Using ASP model to provide ITapplication service has been the new profit model and development stratety of many ITservice providers, ASP model has become one of the important trends in IT industry.ASP customers, especially a large number of small and medium-sized ASP customerswish to adopt application service solutions of ASP model to reengineer and optimize theenterprise business process and reform the enterprise management, improve the overallinformatization level of the enterprise, then enhance the competitive advantage of theenterprise. Using ASP model IT application service, the ASP providers and ASPcustomers should get the win-win result, however the characteristics of the ASP modelitself determine that both ASP providers and ASP custmers face great risks during ASPmodel IT outsourcing, the risks have become the major obstacle to the development ofASP model. To mintigate the risks of ASP model IT outsourcing, and turn the potentialadvantage of ASP model into reality has been the urgent problem for the theory circleand practice circle to solve. For this reason, based on the literature review of IToutsourcing risks and IT outsourcing risks of ASP model, the incapacity of ASPproviders, the IT incapability of ASP customers, the information asymmetry betweenASP providers and ASP customers are pointed out to be the major risk factors, and studythe risk mitigation policies from the following three aspects.
Firstly, to solve problem of the adverse selection that ASP customers may choosethe incapable ASP providers due to the information asymmetry of ASP service market,the risk migigation policy is studied. The major factors that result in low efficiency ofASP model IT service market are analysesed. The Signalling theory and Screeningtheroy of the Information Economics are adopted to explain the mechnism of the ThirdParty Certification of ASP providers’ capabiltiy. The critical elements of the Third PartyCertification of ASP providers’ capabiltiy are proposed. The results can lay a theoreticalfoundation for the establishment of the third party information internediary.
Secondly, to cope with the problem of the ASP providers’ moral hazard duringbusiness critical application service outsourcing, the risk mitigation mechinism isstudied. To solve the issues of the capability construction and motivation of the ASPproviers when they provide business critical applicaion service, the multi-task pricipal-agent model is set up and solved when the ASP providers excute two tasks ofthe system operation service and the business consulting service. The incentivemechanisms of three capability construction models are analysesed. From the study, ifASP providers’ two-dimension tasks are motivated, the incentive results arerespectively different to ASP providers among three kinds of capability constructionmodels, this finally impacts ASP customers’ operation performance. The results can notonly supply a theoretical basis and guideline for the ASP customers to select andmotivate the ASP providers, but also can give the theoretical support for the ASPproviders to choose market entry strategies.
Finally, to solve the problem of the ASP customers’ IT incapabity, the riskmitigation policy is studied. The significance of core IT capabilities for ASP customersto master their IT destinies during ASP model IT outsourcing is explained. Ninecapabilities consisting of core IT capabilities model are explained in detail. The formsand path of core IT capabilities construction is put forth, meanwhile, challenges of corecapabilities building-up are analyzed. The results can provide a theoretical basis andguidance for ASP customers to construct Core IT capabilities and choose the suitableconstruction form and path.
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