故宫环境噪声控制措施探讨
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摘要
随着各国经济的发展,以及人民生活水平的提高,现代旅游业得到迅速发展,与此同时,旅游景区的环境问题越来越突出。旅游景区的环境噪声从一个侧面反映出旅游景区的拥挤状况。
本文通过2007年“十一”黄金周前后故宫环境噪声数据分析了故宫环境噪声的时空分布规律:在时间上,“十一”节前故宫环境噪声最小达到60dB(A),“十一”黄金周期间故宫环境噪声最大达到66.8 dB(A);在空间上,展厅作为一个室内监测点噪声达到最大,午门是游客集中、导游讲解故宫概况的地点,噪声其次;金水桥内广场游客很少滞留,噪声相对较低;中和殿、保和殿、乾清门、乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫、御花园和神武门的噪声集中在63—66 dB(A),变化不大;咨询中心和养心殿作为非故宫中轴线上的景点,游客较少,噪声最低,其中咨询中心噪声最小。根据问卷调查和观测数据得出故宫环境噪声的主要声源有:太和门、太和殿施工产生的噪声和旅游者、导游和园内工作人员产生的噪声。针对故宫环境噪声的主要声源和园内管理提出控制故宫环境噪声的措施和建议:加强施工和游客行为的管理、规范导游和故宫管理人员的行为,针对声源控制故宫环境噪声;加大控制噪声宣传力度,加大东西六宫宣传、分散游客旅游路线,控制故宫环境容量,并利用合理绿化控制噪声,通过改善故宫园内管理,控制故宫环境噪声:完善噪声污染防治立法、执法控制故宫环境噪声。
Along with various countries' economy's development, as well as living standards' enhancement, the modern tourism obtains the rapidly expand. Various countries' home and the international traveling's sustained development, causes the tourist scenic zone the environment question to be getting more and more prominent. Tourist scenic zone's ambient noise reflected from a side the tourist scenic zone the crowded condition, the noise pollution visits, the tour scenic site to the tourist to have certain influence.
This article through to 2007 "10.1" around the gold week, "10.1" the gold week period observation's the forbidden city ambient noise data summarizes the forbidden city ambient noise space and time distributed rule: In the time, "10.1" the festival former the forbidden city ambient noise is smallest achieves 60dB (A), "10.1" the gold week period the forbidden city ambient noise achieve 66.8 dB most greatly (A); In the space, the exhibition hall takes a indoor test point noise to achieve in a big way, achieves 69.1 dB (A); Wumen is the tourist concentrates, the tour guide to explain the forbidden city survey the place, the tourist is detained many, therefore noise next; In JinShuiqiao the tourist very little is detained, the noise is relatively low; The neutral palace, Baohedian, qianqingmen, qianqinggong, jiaotaidian, gunninggong, yuhuayuan and shenwumen noise concentrate in 63-66 dB (A), changes not in a big way; The consultation center and yangxindian take in the non- forbidden city axle the scenic spot, the tourist are few, the noise is lowest. Obtains the forbidden city ambient noise main acoustic source according to the questionnaire survey and the observation statistical data to include: The noise which with the palace construction too with the gate, too has in the noise which and the tourist, the tour guide and the garden the staff produces. Manages in view in the forbidden city ambient noise's main acoustic source and the garden proposed that controls the forbidden city ambient noise the measure and suggested: First, must strengthen the construction and tourist's behavior management, the standard tour guide and the forbidden city administrative personnels' behavior, controls the forbidden city ambient noise in view of the acoustic source; Second, must increase the control noise propaganda dynamics, increases the thing six palace propagandas, to disperse the tourist tourist track, controls the forbidden city environmental capacity, and using the reasonable afforested control noise, through improves in the forbidden city garden to manage, controls the forbidden city ambient noise; Third, the perfect noise pollution prevention legislation, the law enforcement control the forbidden city ambient noise.
本文通过2007年“十一”黄金周前后故宫环境噪声数据分析了故宫环境噪声的时空分布规律:在时间上,“十一”节前故宫环境噪声最小达到60dB(A),“十一”黄金周期间故宫环境噪声最大达到66.8 dB(A);在空间上,展厅作为一个室内监测点噪声达到最大,午门是游客集中、导游讲解故宫概况的地点,噪声其次;金水桥内广场游客很少滞留,噪声相对较低;中和殿、保和殿、乾清门、乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫、御花园和神武门的噪声集中在63—66 dB(A),变化不大;咨询中心和养心殿作为非故宫中轴线上的景点,游客较少,噪声最低,其中咨询中心噪声最小。根据问卷调查和观测数据得出故宫环境噪声的主要声源有:太和门、太和殿施工产生的噪声和旅游者、导游和园内工作人员产生的噪声。针对故宫环境噪声的主要声源和园内管理提出控制故宫环境噪声的措施和建议:加强施工和游客行为的管理、规范导游和故宫管理人员的行为,针对声源控制故宫环境噪声;加大控制噪声宣传力度,加大东西六宫宣传、分散游客旅游路线,控制故宫环境容量,并利用合理绿化控制噪声,通过改善故宫园内管理,控制故宫环境噪声:完善噪声污染防治立法、执法控制故宫环境噪声。
Along with various countries' economy's development, as well as living standards' enhancement, the modern tourism obtains the rapidly expand. Various countries' home and the international traveling's sustained development, causes the tourist scenic zone the environment question to be getting more and more prominent. Tourist scenic zone's ambient noise reflected from a side the tourist scenic zone the crowded condition, the noise pollution visits, the tour scenic site to the tourist to have certain influence.
This article through to 2007 "10.1" around the gold week, "10.1" the gold week period observation's the forbidden city ambient noise data summarizes the forbidden city ambient noise space and time distributed rule: In the time, "10.1" the festival former the forbidden city ambient noise is smallest achieves 60dB (A), "10.1" the gold week period the forbidden city ambient noise achieve 66.8 dB most greatly (A); In the space, the exhibition hall takes a indoor test point noise to achieve in a big way, achieves 69.1 dB (A); Wumen is the tourist concentrates, the tour guide to explain the forbidden city survey the place, the tourist is detained many, therefore noise next; In JinShuiqiao the tourist very little is detained, the noise is relatively low; The neutral palace, Baohedian, qianqingmen, qianqinggong, jiaotaidian, gunninggong, yuhuayuan and shenwumen noise concentrate in 63-66 dB (A), changes not in a big way; The consultation center and yangxindian take in the non- forbidden city axle the scenic spot, the tourist are few, the noise is lowest. Obtains the forbidden city ambient noise main acoustic source according to the questionnaire survey and the observation statistical data to include: The noise which with the palace construction too with the gate, too has in the noise which and the tourist, the tour guide and the garden the staff produces. Manages in view in the forbidden city ambient noise's main acoustic source and the garden proposed that controls the forbidden city ambient noise the measure and suggested: First, must strengthen the construction and tourist's behavior management, the standard tour guide and the forbidden city administrative personnels' behavior, controls the forbidden city ambient noise in view of the acoustic source; Second, must increase the control noise propaganda dynamics, increases the thing six palace propagandas, to disperse the tourist tourist track, controls the forbidden city environmental capacity, and using the reasonable afforested control noise, through improves in the forbidden city garden to manage, controls the forbidden city ambient noise; Third, the perfect noise pollution prevention legislation, the law enforcement control the forbidden city ambient noise.
引文
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[2]吴玉.世界上最大的古皇宫故宫[J].赏析,14-29.
[3]左玉辉.《环境学》[M].高等教育出版社,2002,179-187.
[4]庞翠平.浅谈城市住宅环境噪声的防治措施[J].基础理论研讨,2004,56.
[5]刘鑫铭,克力玛.博乐市城市环境噪声分析及防治措施探讨[J].新疆环境保护,2007,29(1):27-31.
[6]晓清.交通噪声危害与治理[J].汽车与安全,2001,(1):16-17.
[7]廖耀发.建筑物理[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2001.
[8]程芙蓉.城市环境噪声治理[J].广西工学院学报,2006,17(2):107-110.
[9]李雪平.城市居住小区室内环境噪声的测量与分析[J].山西建筑,2007,33(21):348-349.
[10]贺守东,李艳华,徐铁玲.噪声测量与点位布设的探讨[J].黑龙江环境通报.2007,31(3):43-51
[11]Brown,A.L.and Lam,K.C.Urban Noise Surveys[J]Applied Acoustics,1987(20):23-29.
[12]赵凤强,李广强.城市环境噪声预测与分析的研究进展[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报.2006,25(4):536-538.
[13]Korfali,S.1.and Massound,M.Assessment of Community Noise Problem in Greater Beirut Area,Lebanon[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2003,4(3):03-218.
[14]Probst,W.and Huber,B.Calculation and Assessment of Traffic Noise Exposure[J].S V Sound and Vibration,2000,34(7):16-20.
[15]徐颂,陈同庆.运用灰色系统理论对城市环境噪声分析与预测[J].环境污染治理技术与设备.2006,7(5):142-144.
[16]应怀樵.现代振动与噪声技术[M].北京:航空工业出版社,2000,6-12.
[17]杨有粮,王英哲,陈克安.自适应有源噪声控制器的设计与实现[J].噪声控制,2003(3):63-66.
[18]孟苏北.对现代城市声环境保护的思考[J].海峡科学,2007,6:17-19.
[19]郑欣淼.故宫的价值与故宫博物院的内涵[J].故宫博物院院刊,2003,4.
[20]卞庆祥.图书馆阅览室的人为噪音及其控制[J].科技情报开发与经济,2007,17.
[21]徐军.旅游环境保护是旅游业可持续发展的重要保证[J],江淮论坛,1998
[22]田玉军,巨天珍,任正武.国内城市噪声环境污染研究进展[J],重庆环境科学,2003,3.
[23]张邦俊,胡伟,金进生等.公园环境噪声的主观反应及烦恼度阈值[J].声学学报,1993,11.
[24]王素霞.噪声对健康的影响[J].现代养生,2006,5.
[25]王超.高速公路交通噪声污染分析及防治[J].辽宁省交通高等专科学校学报.2005,4.
[26]庞翠平.浅谈城市住宅环境噪声的防治措施[J].科技信息(学术研究).2007,24.
[27]黄有兴,张邦俊,金进生等.风景旅游区环境噪声暴露和游客量的相关性[J].杭州大学学报(自然科学版).1994,5.
[28]戴泳.城市区域环境噪声监测优化布点探讨[J].干旱环境监测,1994.
[29]李生文.城市区域环境噪声监测布点的主成份分析与模糊评判优化法[J].噪声与振动控制,1998,3.
[30]朱建平,郭静男.浅议环境噪声监测中的若干问题[J].中国环境监测.1991,7,2.
[31]应怀樵.现代振动与噪声技术[M].北京:航空工业出版社,2000,6-12.
[32]陈燕,宋进桂,陈少华等.城市公路交通噪声的污染与控制[J].公路交通科技(应用技术版).2006,12.
[33]林齐维,李庆新,马谦等.黄果树、龙宫和红枫湖等风景区环境噪声综合评价[J].贵州环保科技.1996,1.
[34]潘仲麟.张邦俊.胡伟.公园环境噪声及游人主观反应[J].科技通报.1991,12.
[35]石光辉,宋丽平.环境噪声执法中存在的问题及对策[J].污染防治技术.2006,4.
[36]刘峰,邢化峰.建筑施工噪声污染现状及其对策[J].辽宁城乡环境科技.2004,10.
[37]郭亚军.《旅游景区管理》[M].高等教育出版社,2006.
[38]李享.《旅游调查研究的方法与实践》[M].中国旅游出版社,2005.
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