民用建筑空调系统噪声控制的研究
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摘要
随着现代科学技术的发展和人们生活水平的提高,空调系统在我国民用建筑中的使用越来越广泛。空调系统的应用,改善了空调房间内的小气候,给人们带来了比较舒适的温度、湿度环境。民用建筑中的空调系统给人们的生活、工作、休闲等活动带来舒适的同时,也带来了不容忽视的声环境污染问题。并且,随着人们对健康、环境等问题的意识不断提高,空调系统产生的噪声问题将会越来越受到人们的重视。
本文针对民用建筑的空调系统,比较系统、全面地分析了空调系统存在的噪声源,并对部分空调设备的发声机理进行了分析。民用建筑空调系统常采用的噪声控制措施有:消声、吸声、隔声和隔振。针对不同的设备,应该采取不同的噪声控制措施,通常是几种噪声控制措施综合运用才能达到较好的噪声控制目的。
另外,利用声场模拟软件Raynoise,对一水泵机房进行了声场的模拟,用以分析经过隔声降噪处理后,可以达到的降噪效果。
民用建筑空调系统的噪声控制比较复杂,而从事空调专业的设计人员往往缺乏相关的声学知识和技能,所以本文希望能够为空调设计人员提供一些必要的关于空调系统噪声控制的理论基础,设计方法以及控制措施。
With the development of modern science & technology and people’s standard of living,air-condition systems have been being applied to the civil architecture in our country more and more broadly. With the application of air-condition systems,it improves the microclimate in the conditioned rooms. It brings people comfortable environment with fitting temperature and humidity. Although air-condition systems in civil architecture bring people comfort in their life,work,recreation and some other activities,it also cause acoustics environment problems that can not be ignored. Besides,along with people’s consciousness on health,environment etc,noise problems caused by air-condition systems will be more and more valued by people.
This paper focus on air-condition systems in the civil architecture,analyze the noise source that exist in the air-condition systems roundly,and also make a simple explanation of the reason how some of the equipment produce noise. The method that are usually used to control noises in the air-condition systems of civil architecture are : noise elimination,sound absorption,sound insulation and vibration insulation. To different equipment,we should use different control methods. Usually, the combination of these noise control methods could reach a good effect. The noise control of air-condition systems in civil architectures is complicated. Meanwhile,the people engaged in the air-condition design don not know much about correlative acoustics knowledge and skills. So this paper expects to provide some necessary basic principles,design and control methods about air-condition system noise control for air-condition system designer.
Besides,using the software Raynoise for sound field simulation to simulate the sound field of a pump room and check out the noise control effect.
本文针对民用建筑的空调系统,比较系统、全面地分析了空调系统存在的噪声源,并对部分空调设备的发声机理进行了分析。民用建筑空调系统常采用的噪声控制措施有:消声、吸声、隔声和隔振。针对不同的设备,应该采取不同的噪声控制措施,通常是几种噪声控制措施综合运用才能达到较好的噪声控制目的。
另外,利用声场模拟软件Raynoise,对一水泵机房进行了声场的模拟,用以分析经过隔声降噪处理后,可以达到的降噪效果。
民用建筑空调系统的噪声控制比较复杂,而从事空调专业的设计人员往往缺乏相关的声学知识和技能,所以本文希望能够为空调设计人员提供一些必要的关于空调系统噪声控制的理论基础,设计方法以及控制措施。
With the development of modern science & technology and people’s standard of living,air-condition systems have been being applied to the civil architecture in our country more and more broadly. With the application of air-condition systems,it improves the microclimate in the conditioned rooms. It brings people comfortable environment with fitting temperature and humidity. Although air-condition systems in civil architecture bring people comfort in their life,work,recreation and some other activities,it also cause acoustics environment problems that can not be ignored. Besides,along with people’s consciousness on health,environment etc,noise problems caused by air-condition systems will be more and more valued by people.
This paper focus on air-condition systems in the civil architecture,analyze the noise source that exist in the air-condition systems roundly,and also make a simple explanation of the reason how some of the equipment produce noise. The method that are usually used to control noises in the air-condition systems of civil architecture are : noise elimination,sound absorption,sound insulation and vibration insulation. To different equipment,we should use different control methods. Usually, the combination of these noise control methods could reach a good effect. The noise control of air-condition systems in civil architectures is complicated. Meanwhile,the people engaged in the air-condition design don not know much about correlative acoustics knowledge and skills. So this paper expects to provide some necessary basic principles,design and control methods about air-condition system noise control for air-condition system designer.
Besides,using the software Raynoise for sound field simulation to simulate the sound field of a pump room and check out the noise control effect.
引文
[1]项端祈.空调系统消声与隔振设计.机械工业出版社, 2005
[2]顾强,王昌田.噪声控制工程.煤炭工业出版社, 2002
[3]秦佑国,王炳麟.建筑声环境(第二版).清华大学出版社, 1999
[4] D. N. May. Hand Book of Noise Assessment. Von Nostrand Reinhold, 1978
[5] L. L. Beranek. Application of NCB and RC Noise Criteria Curves for Specification and Evaluation of Noise in Buildings. Noise Control Eng, 1997, 45(5): 209-216
[6] L. L. Beranek. Application of NCB and RC Noise Criteria Curves. Noise Control Eng, 1998, 33(2): 45-56
[7]贾继彦.公共空间内部声环境现状分析与评价方法研究: [硕士学位论文].湖南:湖南大学, 2003
[8] D. J. Croome. Noise, Building and People. Applied Science Publishers Ltd, 1977
[9] L. H. Schaudinischky. Sound, Man and Building. Applied Science Publishers Ltd, 1979
[10]曹孝振,姚安子.建筑中的噪声控制.水利电力出版社, 1989
[11]方丹群.噪声控制.北京出版社, 1986
[12] W. E. Blazier. Sound Quality Considerations in Rating Noise from Heating, Ventilating, and Air-conditioning(HVAC) Systems in Buildings. Noise Control Eng, 1995, 43(3): 53-63
[13]赵荣义,范存养,薛殿华等.空气调节.中国建筑工业出版社, 2005
[14] W. E. Blazier. Control of Low—frequency Noise in HVAC Air—handling Equipment and Systems. ASHRAE,1993,99(2)
[15] M. Rettinger. Acoustics Design and Vibration Control. Chemical Publishing Co. 1977
[16] L. L. Beranek. Acoustics Design and Vibration Control. McGraw-Hill BookCompany, 1971
[17]建筑声学设计手册.中国建筑工业出版社, 1988
[18]石年勋.隔振理论及其在工程上的应用.化工装备技术, 1995(5)
[19]城市区域环境噪声标准GB 3096-93
[20]王小鹏,陈天宇.声屏障声学特性的模型试验.噪声与振动控制,2002(12)
[21]周勃,陈长征,王长龙等.冷却塔的噪声控制研究.暖通空调, 2007, 37(3)
[22]杨士勤.冷却塔的噪声治理研究与实践.暖通空调, 2006, 36(11)
[23]胡春莲.用隔声屏治理风冷式热泵机组噪声的探讨.化工设计通讯, 2005(6)
[24]项端祈.北京饭店新楼客房的噪声控制.建筑学报, 1980(3)
[25]卜研,卢学军,王开和,等.隔振技术在管道减振降噪中的应用.轻工机械, 2006(3)
[26]项端祈.空调设备管道隔振的研究.噪声与振动控制, 1982(4)
[27]项端祈.旅游宾馆内风机盘管的噪声状况与减噪措施.噪声与振动, 1986(4)
[28]周立万.追加隔声消声措施控制冷却塔噪声.噪声与振动控制, 2002(2)
[29]于秋燕.民用建筑空调系统的消声降噪研究: [硕士学位论文].北京:首都经济贸易大学, 2003
[30]宋奋求.空调系统噪声的形成及消声方法.青岛大学学报, 2000(6)
[31]韦家昌.空调系统的噪声控制.广西土木建筑, 2000(9)
[32]柳孝图.噪声控制研究和应用的进展.声学学报, 1996, 21(1)
[33]任文堂.噪声控制技术和设备的发展现状和展望.应用声学, 1999, 18(6)
[34] Robert J. Linder, Chad B. Dorgan,Charles E. Dorgan. Indoor Air Quality Standards of Performance Application Guide. ASHRAE Research Project RP-853, 1998
[35] H. Geoff Leventhall, Steven S. Wise. Making Noise Comfortable for People. ASHRAE Transaction, 1998
[36]高大中.浅谈通风空调系统中消声器的选用.山西建筑, 2001(10)
[37]沈学明,谈全彬,郑智丹.空调设备的减振.噪声与振动控制, 2002(12)
[38] R. G. Harold. Sound and Vibration Consideration in Rooftop Istallation. ASHRAETransaction, 1997, 97(1)
[39] R. S. Jones. Rooftop HVAC Equipment on Building Roofs. ASHRAE Transaction, 1991, 97(1)
[40]吴忆峰,张宪民.单层隔声窗传声损失的分析.振动与冲击, 2005(6)
[41]甘永钦.空调系统噪声控制技术.制冷, 2004(6)
[42] Cyril M Harris. Handbook of Noise Control. McGRAW-Hill, 1979
[43] Smith B J ect. Acoustic and Noise Control. Longman Group Limited, 1982
[44]李丽,邓军.空调设计中的噪声及防治措施.噪声与振动控制, 2004(8)
[45]葛凤华,赵小平,周英利.全空气空调系统噪声控制分析.暖通空调, 2005, 35(9)
[46]金招芬,朱颖心,亢燕铭.建筑环境学.北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2001
[2]顾强,王昌田.噪声控制工程.煤炭工业出版社, 2002
[3]秦佑国,王炳麟.建筑声环境(第二版).清华大学出版社, 1999
[4] D. N. May. Hand Book of Noise Assessment. Von Nostrand Reinhold, 1978
[5] L. L. Beranek. Application of NCB and RC Noise Criteria Curves for Specification and Evaluation of Noise in Buildings. Noise Control Eng, 1997, 45(5): 209-216
[6] L. L. Beranek. Application of NCB and RC Noise Criteria Curves. Noise Control Eng, 1998, 33(2): 45-56
[7]贾继彦.公共空间内部声环境现状分析与评价方法研究: [硕士学位论文].湖南:湖南大学, 2003
[8] D. J. Croome. Noise, Building and People. Applied Science Publishers Ltd, 1977
[9] L. H. Schaudinischky. Sound, Man and Building. Applied Science Publishers Ltd, 1979
[10]曹孝振,姚安子.建筑中的噪声控制.水利电力出版社, 1989
[11]方丹群.噪声控制.北京出版社, 1986
[12] W. E. Blazier. Sound Quality Considerations in Rating Noise from Heating, Ventilating, and Air-conditioning(HVAC) Systems in Buildings. Noise Control Eng, 1995, 43(3): 53-63
[13]赵荣义,范存养,薛殿华等.空气调节.中国建筑工业出版社, 2005
[14] W. E. Blazier. Control of Low—frequency Noise in HVAC Air—handling Equipment and Systems. ASHRAE,1993,99(2)
[15] M. Rettinger. Acoustics Design and Vibration Control. Chemical Publishing Co. 1977
[16] L. L. Beranek. Acoustics Design and Vibration Control. McGraw-Hill BookCompany, 1971
[17]建筑声学设计手册.中国建筑工业出版社, 1988
[18]石年勋.隔振理论及其在工程上的应用.化工装备技术, 1995(5)
[19]城市区域环境噪声标准GB 3096-93
[20]王小鹏,陈天宇.声屏障声学特性的模型试验.噪声与振动控制,2002(12)
[21]周勃,陈长征,王长龙等.冷却塔的噪声控制研究.暖通空调, 2007, 37(3)
[22]杨士勤.冷却塔的噪声治理研究与实践.暖通空调, 2006, 36(11)
[23]胡春莲.用隔声屏治理风冷式热泵机组噪声的探讨.化工设计通讯, 2005(6)
[24]项端祈.北京饭店新楼客房的噪声控制.建筑学报, 1980(3)
[25]卜研,卢学军,王开和,等.隔振技术在管道减振降噪中的应用.轻工机械, 2006(3)
[26]项端祈.空调设备管道隔振的研究.噪声与振动控制, 1982(4)
[27]项端祈.旅游宾馆内风机盘管的噪声状况与减噪措施.噪声与振动, 1986(4)
[28]周立万.追加隔声消声措施控制冷却塔噪声.噪声与振动控制, 2002(2)
[29]于秋燕.民用建筑空调系统的消声降噪研究: [硕士学位论文].北京:首都经济贸易大学, 2003
[30]宋奋求.空调系统噪声的形成及消声方法.青岛大学学报, 2000(6)
[31]韦家昌.空调系统的噪声控制.广西土木建筑, 2000(9)
[32]柳孝图.噪声控制研究和应用的进展.声学学报, 1996, 21(1)
[33]任文堂.噪声控制技术和设备的发展现状和展望.应用声学, 1999, 18(6)
[34] Robert J. Linder, Chad B. Dorgan,Charles E. Dorgan. Indoor Air Quality Standards of Performance Application Guide. ASHRAE Research Project RP-853, 1998
[35] H. Geoff Leventhall, Steven S. Wise. Making Noise Comfortable for People. ASHRAE Transaction, 1998
[36]高大中.浅谈通风空调系统中消声器的选用.山西建筑, 2001(10)
[37]沈学明,谈全彬,郑智丹.空调设备的减振.噪声与振动控制, 2002(12)
[38] R. G. Harold. Sound and Vibration Consideration in Rooftop Istallation. ASHRAETransaction, 1997, 97(1)
[39] R. S. Jones. Rooftop HVAC Equipment on Building Roofs. ASHRAE Transaction, 1991, 97(1)
[40]吴忆峰,张宪民.单层隔声窗传声损失的分析.振动与冲击, 2005(6)
[41]甘永钦.空调系统噪声控制技术.制冷, 2004(6)
[42] Cyril M Harris. Handbook of Noise Control. McGRAW-Hill, 1979
[43] Smith B J ect. Acoustic and Noise Control. Longman Group Limited, 1982
[44]李丽,邓军.空调设计中的噪声及防治措施.噪声与振动控制, 2004(8)
[45]葛凤华,赵小平,周英利.全空气空调系统噪声控制分析.暖通空调, 2005, 35(9)
[46]金招芬,朱颖心,亢燕铭.建筑环境学.北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2001