临街建筑声环境对人体生理参数的影响研究
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摘要
环境噪声自20世纪70年代以来被称为城市环境问题的四大公害之一。噪声污染不仅扰乱人们的正常生活,妨碍学习和工作,还会引起人们心理和生理上的不良反应。特别是居住在临街建筑的居民,噪声污染尤为严重。如何有效控制临街建筑噪声污染问题已成为一个紧迫而又严峻的课题。
本文首先结合问卷调查、现场实地测试、现场访问等多种方法,分析探讨重庆市居民区的声环境现状及临街建筑的室内外噪声污染及衰减变化情况。本文重点研究临街建筑声环境对人体生理参数的影响。采用实验室生理参数测试和主观问卷调查相结合的方式,重点研究健康人群在不同强度的室内低噪声暴露下人体某些生理参数的变化。其结果可以为临街建筑室内噪声对人体健康影响的机理提供基础数据以及为居民住宅区噪声标准的修改提供一些理论依据和参考。实验数据处理采用统计软件SPSS 13.0,一共使用了配对T检验法、多元线性回归法、曲线拟合法等7种检验及回归方法。
居民区和临街建筑声环境的研究结果表明:重庆和广州市民都认为噪声污染对日常生活工作的影响最大,而交通噪声是影响最大的噪声类型;重庆市居住建筑的室内平均噪声已超过我国标准;基于模糊数学原理,得到重庆市居住建筑的声环境烦恼度阈值为47.87dB;随着楼层高度的升高,10层左右的临街建筑的室外阳台噪声强度、室内噪声强度、室内外噪声衰减并没有显著变化;首次将建筑的围护结构以及门窗等当作一个整体考虑,得出临街建筑的室内外噪声衰减模型,室内外噪声衰减与室外噪声有极高的线性关系。
噪声对人体生理参数影响的研究结果表明:噪声对血压的影响要有足够的暴露强度和作用时间;噪声会导致心率的下降,且具有统计学意义(P<0.05);噪声会影响周围神经的感觉传导,感觉传导速度NCV随噪声的增大有非常显著的下降趋势,具有统计学意义(P<0.01);噪声可能导致ABR听性脑干反应的基础听力和各波潜伏期变化异常;二次曲线更符合室内低噪声环境下人的主观感觉评价的变化趋势。
The noise pollution has become one of the four great social effects of pollutions since the 1970’s, twentieth century. It can not only disturb people’s normal lives, affect study and working, but also bring the ill physical and psychological reactions of residents. People living in the near-road buildings suffer even more serious noise pollution. It is a rather urgent problem that how we can control the noise pollution in the near-road buildings effectively.
Firstly, this dissertation analyzes current acoustic environment of the residential areas in Chongqing and discusses the indoor and outdoor noise pollution in near-road buildings, using various research methods such as questionnaire investigation, field measurement and face-to- face interview. Then, great efforts have been made to study the changing trends of residents’physical parameters under different sound levels of low indoor noise, combined the research methods of lab parameter measurement and subjective evaluation. The results could be used to provide the basic data for the mechanism how noise influence health and to supply the theoretical reference for modifying the current residential area’s noise standard. All the experiment data is processed by the statistic software SPSS 13. Seven testing and regression methods are emploied, including the Paried T Test, Curve Estimation, Multi-linear Regression and so on.
The main conclusions drawn in the research of acoustic environment in residential area and near-road buildings: Both the residents in Chongqing and Guangzhou recognize noise pollution as the pollution type, which exerts the biggest influence on people’s everyday living and working. While traffic noise is considered to be the noise type that can furthest affect people. The average sound level of indoor noise in the residential buildings in Chongqing exceeds the requirements of relevant national standard. Based on fuzzy theory, the threshold annoyance towards the acoustic environment in the residential buildings in Chongqing was established, which is 47.87 dB. For a nearly 10-floor near-road building, the sound level of its outdoor balcony noise and indoor noise, together with the out-in noise attenuation don’t change significantly along with the floor’s height increasing. After consider the fa?ade, door and windows, etc of one building as a whole, the models of outdoor-indoor noise attenuation of near-road building are calculated in a creative way. There is very high linear relationship between the outdoor-indoor noise attenuation and the indoor noise
本文首先结合问卷调查、现场实地测试、现场访问等多种方法,分析探讨重庆市居民区的声环境现状及临街建筑的室内外噪声污染及衰减变化情况。本文重点研究临街建筑声环境对人体生理参数的影响。采用实验室生理参数测试和主观问卷调查相结合的方式,重点研究健康人群在不同强度的室内低噪声暴露下人体某些生理参数的变化。其结果可以为临街建筑室内噪声对人体健康影响的机理提供基础数据以及为居民住宅区噪声标准的修改提供一些理论依据和参考。实验数据处理采用统计软件SPSS 13.0,一共使用了配对T检验法、多元线性回归法、曲线拟合法等7种检验及回归方法。
居民区和临街建筑声环境的研究结果表明:重庆和广州市民都认为噪声污染对日常生活工作的影响最大,而交通噪声是影响最大的噪声类型;重庆市居住建筑的室内平均噪声已超过我国标准;基于模糊数学原理,得到重庆市居住建筑的声环境烦恼度阈值为47.87dB;随着楼层高度的升高,10层左右的临街建筑的室外阳台噪声强度、室内噪声强度、室内外噪声衰减并没有显著变化;首次将建筑的围护结构以及门窗等当作一个整体考虑,得出临街建筑的室内外噪声衰减模型,室内外噪声衰减与室外噪声有极高的线性关系。
噪声对人体生理参数影响的研究结果表明:噪声对血压的影响要有足够的暴露强度和作用时间;噪声会导致心率的下降,且具有统计学意义(P<0.05);噪声会影响周围神经的感觉传导,感觉传导速度NCV随噪声的增大有非常显著的下降趋势,具有统计学意义(P<0.01);噪声可能导致ABR听性脑干反应的基础听力和各波潜伏期变化异常;二次曲线更符合室内低噪声环境下人的主观感觉评价的变化趋势。
The noise pollution has become one of the four great social effects of pollutions since the 1970’s, twentieth century. It can not only disturb people’s normal lives, affect study and working, but also bring the ill physical and psychological reactions of residents. People living in the near-road buildings suffer even more serious noise pollution. It is a rather urgent problem that how we can control the noise pollution in the near-road buildings effectively.
Firstly, this dissertation analyzes current acoustic environment of the residential areas in Chongqing and discusses the indoor and outdoor noise pollution in near-road buildings, using various research methods such as questionnaire investigation, field measurement and face-to- face interview. Then, great efforts have been made to study the changing trends of residents’physical parameters under different sound levels of low indoor noise, combined the research methods of lab parameter measurement and subjective evaluation. The results could be used to provide the basic data for the mechanism how noise influence health and to supply the theoretical reference for modifying the current residential area’s noise standard. All the experiment data is processed by the statistic software SPSS 13. Seven testing and regression methods are emploied, including the Paried T Test, Curve Estimation, Multi-linear Regression and so on.
The main conclusions drawn in the research of acoustic environment in residential area and near-road buildings: Both the residents in Chongqing and Guangzhou recognize noise pollution as the pollution type, which exerts the biggest influence on people’s everyday living and working. While traffic noise is considered to be the noise type that can furthest affect people. The average sound level of indoor noise in the residential buildings in Chongqing exceeds the requirements of relevant national standard. Based on fuzzy theory, the threshold annoyance towards the acoustic environment in the residential buildings in Chongqing was established, which is 47.87 dB. For a nearly 10-floor near-road building, the sound level of its outdoor balcony noise and indoor noise, together with the out-in noise attenuation don’t change significantly along with the floor’s height increasing. After consider the fa?ade, door and windows, etc of one building as a whole, the models of outdoor-indoor noise attenuation of near-road building are calculated in a creative way. There is very high linear relationship between the outdoor-indoor noise attenuation and the indoor noise
引文
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