基于INTERNET的口腔正畸学、正颌外科学远程会诊系统的应用研究
|
摘要
现代远程通信技术、计算机及其相关技术的迅速发展，造就了一个崭新的社会生活与交流的空间——赛博空间(Syberspace)。社会的发展与进步向现代医学提出了越来越高的要求，在医学领域兴起了一门新的交叉学科——远程医学(Telemedicine)。它是信息高速公路带给人类的一项全新的医疗方式，通过为医生提供方便、快速的医疗信息通讯来提高医疗服务质量和降低服务成本。远程会诊(Teleconsultation)是基于远程通讯技术、计算机技术、图像处理技术和医疗保健技术的一种远程医学服务，近年来倍受关注。本研究根据口腔正畸学和正颌外科的特点，建立了一套远程会诊系统以及相配套的口腔正畸、正颌外科计算机化图文资料信息管理系统和与口腔正畸、正颌外科的正确诊断、治疗密切相关的计算机辅助远程颅颌定位X线头影测量分析、正颌外科手术模拟和容貌预测系统，帮助提高正畸科、正颌外科临床诊断与治疗水平。本研究共包括以下四个部分：
一、基于内容的口腔正畸、正颌外科图文资料信息系统的应用研究
口腔正畸科、正颌外科的临床信息主要包括一般的文本病案资料、模型资料和图象资料等内容，它们对于临床和科研工作具有非常重要的意义，因此管理好这些资料十分必要。尤其是图象资料，采用传统的方法管理，不仅手段落后，而且存在许多缺点，如：占用空间大、容易丢失、调用困难、不方便检索、不利于进行统计分析和远程会诊的实施等。
本研究利用计算机强大的数据库管理功能，建立了一套以图像资料为主的病案资料的数据库管理和维护系统，一是方便临床资料的管理和统计分析；一是方便临床应用，并可以为远程会诊服务。系统的功能特点是：
1．系统可以对简要的病史资料、医学图像、X线头影测量数据和手术模拟预测结果等资料进行存储、管理和方便的调用。既可以为临床诊断和矫治设计提供基本数据和图像资料，又可为科研提供和积累资料。与以往类似系统相比，本系统不单纯是对信息进行管理，而且包括对信息具体内容的记录，实现了信息管理的数字化，便于进行辅助诊断和矫治设计。
2．数据库具有完善的维护功能。修改、删除等功能均由具有一定权限的人员掌握密码。
3．数据库具有强大的检索功能，可以根据患者的ID号或者姓名进行检索，发
Following the development of modern telecommunication technology, computer technology, network technology, image processing technology and medicine, a new intersection branch of science formed, it is tele-medicine. Telemedicine is a new medical way of medicine, one of its services is teleconsultation. At present, it has become extremely necessary for various big hospitals to develop telemedicine so as to meet the needs of the society and patients, and improve the hospital's social and economic benefits. In this study, a computerized medical information system was established to obtain and manage the patient's relevant materials in clinic of orthodontics and orthognathic surgery. In addition, as the basis of correct diagnosis and proper planning in orthodontic and orthognathic surgery clinic, a computer-aided tele-x-ray cephalometric analysis system and an orthognathic surgery operation imitating system was set up. Based on these, a teleconsultation system using for orthodontics and orthognathic surgery was developed, so as to raise the level of clinical diagnosis and treatment. This paper included four parts as follows: 1. Design and development of a content-based retrieval information system using for orthodontics and orthognathic surgery
With the help of color scanner, employing computer technology, network technology and others, a content-based retrieval information system using for orthodontics and orthognathic surgery was designed and developed, the principle functions and features of the system mainly as follows:
(1) The system could manage the information of patients subjected to orthodontics and orthognathic surgery, which included main clinical case's records, photos, X-film,
一、基于内容的口腔正畸、正颌外科图文资料信息系统的应用研究
口腔正畸科、正颌外科的临床信息主要包括一般的文本病案资料、模型资料和图象资料等内容，它们对于临床和科研工作具有非常重要的意义，因此管理好这些资料十分必要。尤其是图象资料，采用传统的方法管理，不仅手段落后，而且存在许多缺点，如：占用空间大、容易丢失、调用困难、不方便检索、不利于进行统计分析和远程会诊的实施等。
本研究利用计算机强大的数据库管理功能，建立了一套以图像资料为主的病案资料的数据库管理和维护系统，一是方便临床资料的管理和统计分析；一是方便临床应用，并可以为远程会诊服务。系统的功能特点是：
1．系统可以对简要的病史资料、医学图像、X线头影测量数据和手术模拟预测结果等资料进行存储、管理和方便的调用。既可以为临床诊断和矫治设计提供基本数据和图像资料，又可为科研提供和积累资料。与以往类似系统相比，本系统不单纯是对信息进行管理，而且包括对信息具体内容的记录，实现了信息管理的数字化，便于进行辅助诊断和矫治设计。
2．数据库具有完善的维护功能。修改、删除等功能均由具有一定权限的人员掌握密码。
3．数据库具有强大的检索功能，可以根据患者的ID号或者姓名进行检索，发
Following the development of modern telecommunication technology, computer technology, network technology, image processing technology and medicine, a new intersection branch of science formed, it is tele-medicine. Telemedicine is a new medical way of medicine, one of its services is teleconsultation. At present, it has become extremely necessary for various big hospitals to develop telemedicine so as to meet the needs of the society and patients, and improve the hospital's social and economic benefits. In this study, a computerized medical information system was established to obtain and manage the patient's relevant materials in clinic of orthodontics and orthognathic surgery. In addition, as the basis of correct diagnosis and proper planning in orthodontic and orthognathic surgery clinic, a computer-aided tele-x-ray cephalometric analysis system and an orthognathic surgery operation imitating system was set up. Based on these, a teleconsultation system using for orthodontics and orthognathic surgery was developed, so as to raise the level of clinical diagnosis and treatment. This paper included four parts as follows: 1. Design and development of a content-based retrieval information system using for orthodontics and orthognathic surgery
With the help of color scanner, employing computer technology, network technology and others, a content-based retrieval information system using for orthodontics and orthognathic surgery was designed and developed, the principle functions and features of the system mainly as follows:
(1) The system could manage the information of patients subjected to orthodontics and orthognathic surgery, which included main clinical case's records, photos, X-film,
引文
1．武乐斌，柳澄，王伟鹏，等．国强PACS的研制及应用．医学影像学杂志．1999，9(1)：206
2．尚邦治，王海英．医院影像资料管理系统的研制．医疗设备信息．1997，(1)：6
3．蒋大宗，邓振生，叶屹，等．数字x线成像与PACS．中国医疗器械杂志．1996，20(4)：218
4．曹厚德．传统X线技术的数字化与PACS．中国医学计算机成像杂志．1996，2(2)：124
5．张兆臣．医学影像学计算机综合事务管理系统．医学信息．1999，12(9)：8
6．钱农，吕军．医院影像管理软件系统的设计和应用．医学信息．2000，13(2)：69
7．毛力，张晓林．基于内容的图象检索技术与系统．现代图书情报技术．1999，5：30
8．苏勉曾，董翊，阮慎康，等．计算X射线摄影系统．中国医疗器械杂志．1996，20(4)：235
9. Koubayashi S, Ogumak, Omura Y, et al. The application of computed radiology to lateral cephalograms. J Jpn Orthod Soc. 1985, 44: 217
10. Kashima I. Computed radiography with photostimulable phosphor in oral maxillofacial radiology. Oral Surg Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1995. 80: 577
11．胡冰．计算机X线摄影技术在口腔医学中的应用．北京口腔医学．2000，8(1)：47
12．孙新建，梁星原，王欣璐，等．电子影像在医学影像专业的应用．现代医用影像学．1998，7(1)：35
13．麻增林．影像科图文信息计算机管理的应用研究．医疗设备信息．1998，3：7
14．董冠群，郑建立，朱政廉，等．视频图像存储仪．上海生物医学工程．1996，17(1)：47
15. Ebrecht DM. Picture archiving and communication systems(PACS) for medical application. Int. J. Biomed Comput. 1994, 35: 91
16．赵喜平，郑崇勋，毛松寿，等．PACS的发展趋势．中华放射学杂志．1998，32(1)：5
17. Batnitaky S, Rosenthal SJ, Siegel EL, et al. Teleradiology: An assenssment. Radiology. 1990, 177: 11
18. Kazuo Inamoto, Kiyonari Inamura, Tokuo Umeda. Oral diagnostic reporting and synchronized image filing using magneto-optocal disks. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine. 1992, 37: 327
19. Kluru A, Mettheus R, Bjerdc KW. Standardization of medical imaging in Europe: an integrated initiative. Comput Method Prog Biomed. 1994, 43: 21
20. Umeda T, Inamura K, Inamoto K, et al. Development and evaluation of oral reporting system for PACS. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine. 1994, 43(1-2): 115
21. Heinila J, Ylliaho J, Ahonen, et al. X window system system based user interface in radiology. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine. 1994, 43: 129
22．王树楷，霍建伟，薛欢，等．医学影像计算机管理的方案选择和试验．医疗设各信息．1999，(2)：1
1. Broadbent BH. A new X-ray technique and its application to orthodontia. Angle Orthod. 1931, 1(1): 45
2. Brown M. Eight methods of analysis a cephalometrics to establish anteroposterier skeletal discrepancy. Br J Orthod. 1981, 8: 139
3. Downs WB. Variation in facial relationships: Their significance in treatment and prognosis. Am J Orthod. 1948, 34: 812
4. Downs WB. The role of cephalometrics in orthodontic case analysis and diagnosis. Am J Orthod. 1952, 38: 162
5. Steiner CC. Cephalometrics for you and me. Am J Orthod. 1953, 39(10): 729
6. Steiner CC. Cephalometrics in clinical practice. Angle Orthod. 1959, 29(1): 8
7. Tweed CH. The Frankfort-mandibular plane angle in orthodontic diagnosis, classification, treatment planning and prognosis. Am J Orthod. 1946, 32: 175
8. Tweed CH. The Frankfort-mandibular incisor angle(FMIA) in orthodontic diagnosis, classification, treatment planning and prognosis. Angle Orthod. 1954, 24: 121
9. Wylie WL. The assessment of anteroposterier dysplasia. Angle Orthod. 1947, 17(3): 97
10. Bjork A. The face in profile: An anthropological X-ray investigation on Swedish children and conscripts. Am J Orthod. 1948, 34(8): 691
11. Burstone CJ. Integumental contour and extension patterns. Angle Orthod. 1959, 29(2): 93
12. Burstone CJ. Soft-tissue cephalometrics analysis for orthognathic surgery. J Oral Surg. 1980, 38: 744
13. Holdaway RA. A soft-tissue cephalometrics analysis and its use in orthodontic treatment planning, Part Ⅰ. Am J Orthod. 1983, 84(1): 1
14. Bishara SE. Longitudinal soft-tissue profile change: A study of the analysis. Am J Orthod. 1985,89:209
15. Ricketts RM. Perspectives in the clinical application of cephalometrics, the first fifty years. Angle Orthod. 1981,51:115
16. Coben SE. The integration of facial skeletal variants: A serial cephalometric roentgenographic analysis of craniofacial and gsowth. Am J Orthod.1955,41: 407
17. Rudolph DJ, Sinclair PM, Coggins JM. Automatic computerized radiographic identification of cephalometric landmarks. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 1998,113(2): 173
18. Ahlgvist J, Eliasson S, Welandre U. The effect of projection error on angular me asurement in cephalometry. Eur J Orthod. 1988,10:353
19. Baumrind S, Frantz RC. The reliability of head film measurements landmark identification. Am J Orthod. 1971,60(2): 111
20. Grarely JF, Benzies RM. The clinical significance of tracing error in cephalometry. Brt J Orthod. 1984,1:95
21. Mrdtgard J, Bjork G, Linder AS. Reproducibility of cephalometric landmarks and errors of measurements of cephalometric cranial distances. Angle Orthod. 1974,34: 56
22. Toarne LP. Accuracy of a commercially available digital: a new method for assessment of errors in linearity. Angle Orthod. 1996,66(6): 433
23. Wah PL, Booke MS, Hagg U. Comparative cephalometric errors for orthodontic and surgical patients. Int J Adult Orthod Orthognath Surg. 1995,10(2): 119
24. Walker GF.A new approach to the analysis of craniofacial morphology and growth. Am J Orthod.1972, 61:221
25. Chebib FS. On-line computer system for the analysis of cephalometric radiographs. Angle Orthod. 1976,46:305
26. Krogman WM. Use of computers in orthodontics analysis and diagnosis:A symposium.Am J Orthod. 1972,61:219
27. Savara BS. The role of computers in dentofacial research and the development of diagnosis aids. Am J Orthod. 1972,61:231
28. Baumrind S. Computer-aided head film analysis: The university of Californi a San Francisco method. Am J Orthod. 1980,78(1):41
29. Coben AM, Linney AD. A low cost system for computer-based cephalometric analysis. Brit J Orthod. 1986, 13: 105
30．曾祥龙,林久祥,黄金芳,等．计算机自动绘图系统在X线头影测量分析的应用．中华口腔科杂志．1983．18：234
31．傅民魁．正常(牙合)颅面结构的电子计算机头影测量研究(Ⅰ Steiner分析法的正常值)．华西口腔医学杂志．1984，2(2)：109
32．金宜霖，王邦康，祖彬彬，等．北京市130名正常(牙合)儿童面部软组织的计算机X线头影测量分析．华西口腔医学杂志．1986，4(1)：53
33．贾孔平，周秀坤．计算机辅助X线头影测量及其BASIC程序．华西口腔医学杂志．1987，5(4)：284
34．柯杰．西安市122名正常(牙合)儿童的X线头影测量研究--计算机辅助测量．第四军医大学硕士学位论文(内部资料)．1988
35．傅民魁，张震康，王兴，等．X线头影图像计算机测量分析系统．中华口腔医学杂志．1992，27(6)：354
36. Sarver DM. Video imaging: Techniques for superimposition of cephalometric radiography and profile image. Int J Adult Orthod Orthognath Surg. 1990, 5(4): 241
37. Sarver DM. Video cephalometric diagnosis(VCD): A new concept in treatment planning? Am J Orthod. 1996, 110(2): 128
38. Sarver DM. Video imaging techniques for planning and counselling in orthognathic surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1988, 45: 939
39. Peter MS. The accuracy of video imaging in orthognathic surgery. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 1995; 107(2): 177
40．马育霞，林久祥，傅民魁，等．扫描X线头影测量系统的研制．中华口腔医学杂志．1995，30(2)：116
41．惠光艳．计算机辅助正颌外科模拟系统的建立．第四军医大学硕士学位论文(内部资料) 1997
42．王佛汉，陆苇，秦军，等．新型计算机X线头影测量分析系统研究．口腔医学纵横．1999，15(3)：145
43．徐芸(主译)．口腔正畸学——现代技术与原理．天津科技翻译出版公司．1996
44. Eoolt BL. Computerized digital enhancement in craniofacial cephalometrics radiography. J Oral Maxillofacial Surg. 1991, 49: 1038
45. Bunel K. Comparison of enhanced and conventional cephalometrics radiographs. J Oral Maxillofacial Surg. 1989, 47: 804
46. Koubayashi S, Ogumak, Omura Y, et al. The application of computed radiology to lateral cephalograms. J Jpn Orthod Soc. 1985, 44: 217
47. Levy-mandel AD, Venetsanopoulos AN, Tsotsos. Knowledge-based landmarking of cephlograms. Comput and Biomed Research. 1986, 19: 282
48. Parthasarathy S, Nugent ST, Gregson PG, et al. Automatic landmarking of cephalograms. Comput Biomed Res. 1989, 22: 248
49. Stamm T, Brinkhaus HA, Ehmer, et al. Computer-aided automated landmarking of cephalograms. J Orofac Orthop. 1998, 59(2): 73
50．邵金陵．X线颅颌面影像计算机自动识别定点研究．第四军医大学博士学位论文．1999
51．张晓，张震康，张熙恩，等．自动X线头影测量分析系统的研究应用．中华口腔医学杂志．1999，34(2)：76
52. Houston WJ. The analysis of errors in orthodontic measurements. Am J Orthod. 1983, 83(5): 382
53. Broth J, Slagsrold O, Rosler M. Error in landmark identification in lateral radiographic headplates. Eur J Orthod. 1981, 3: 9
54. Pass B. Landmark identification in cephalometric radiographs. J Dental Res. 1991, Abstract, P. 70
55. Harzer W, Reinhard A, Dranm P, Radlinger J. Computer supposed tele-X-ray diagnostics in maxillary orthodontics. Stomatologie der DDR. 1989, 39(3): 181
56. Tyndall DA, Boyd KS, Matteson SR, et al. Vdieo—based teleradiology for intraosseous lesions(A receiver operating characteristic analysis). Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 1995, 80: 599
57. Rak D. Application of computerized teleroentgnographic analysis in orthodontic diagnosis. Bilt Udrua Orthodonata Jugosl. 1991, 24(1): 43
58. Farman AG, Farag AA. Teleradiology for dentistry. Dent Clin North Am. 1993, 37(4): 669
59. Bergin R, Hallenberg J, Malmgren O. Computerized cephalometric. Acta Odontol Scand. 1978, 36: 349
60. Burstone CJ. The integumental profile. Am J Orthod. 1958, 44: 1
61. Burstone CJ. Lip posture and its significance in treatment planning. Am J Orthod. 1967, 53: 262
62. Holdaway RA. A soft tissue cephalometric analysis and its use in orthodontic treatment planning. Part Ⅱ. Am J Orthod. 1984, 85: 279
63. Burstone CJ. Soft tissue profile: fallacies of hard tissue standards in treatment planning. Am J Orthod DentofaciaI Orthop. 1986, 90: 52
64. Wylie GA, Fish LC, Epker BN. Cephalometrics: a comparison of five analysis currently used in the diagnosis of dentofacial deformities. Int J Adult Orthod Orthog Surg. 1987, 2: 15
65. Arnett GW, Bergmen RT. Facial keys to orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Part Ⅰ. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1993, 103: 299
66. Arnett GW, Bergmen RT. Facial keys to orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Part Ⅱ. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1993, 103: 395
67. Arnett GW, Jelic JS, Kim J, et al. Soft tissue cephalometric amalysis: Diagnosis and treatment planning of dentofacial deformity. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1999, 116: 239
68. Bergman RT. Cephalometric soft tissue facial analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1999, 116: 373
69. Merrifield LL. The profile line as an aid in critically evaluating facial esthetics. Am J Orthod. 1966, 522: 804
70. Ricketts RM. Esthetics, enviroument, and the law of lip relation. Am J Orthod 1968, 54: 272
71. Harvold EA. Cleft lip and palate. Am J Orthod. 1954, 40: 493
72. Erickson GE, Waite DE. Mandibular asymmetry. JADA. 1974, 89: 1369
73．横尾 聰，寺延治，井口新，等．颚颜面非对称症诊断基準關临床的检讨——非对称认知定量化．J Jpn Stomatol Sco．1995，44(3)：509
74．谷政 澄，池谷正昭，度边正敏，等．正貌X缐规格写真颜面非对称分析．日本口腔外科学会杂志．1989，35(7)：1749
75. 青岛 攻. Investigation of the facial symmetry of cases with cross bites needing surgical orthodontic treatment using postero-anterior．日矫齿志．1990，49：256
76．孙红艳，陈华，林珠．正位X线头影测量研究——颅颌横向关系探讨．实用口腔医学杂志．1990，6(4)：284
77．王兴，张震康，高克南，等．中国美貌人群的正位X线头影测量研究．口腔医学纵横．1988，4(4)：195
78. El-Mangoury NH, Shahecn SI, Mostafa YA. Landmark identification in computerized posteroanterior cephalomctrics. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 1987, 91: 57-61
79. Sheldom B, Moffit F, Curry S, et al. Three dimensional X-ray stereometry from paired colanar images: A progress report. Am J Orthod 1983, 84(4): 293
80. Sheldom B, Moffit F, Curry S, et al. The geometry of three dimensional measurment from paired colanar X-ray images. Am J Orthod. 1983, 84(4): 313
81. Grayson BH, Cutting C, Fred L, et al. The three-dimension cephalogram: theory, technique and clinical application. Am J Orthod 1988. 1994(4): 329
82. Brown T, et al. Computer-assited location of reference points in three dimensions for radiographic cephalometry. Am J Orthod 1989, 95: 490
83．姚森．计算机辅助X三维线头影测量新法．第四军医大学学报．1991，12(4)：248
84. Altobelli DE, Kikinis R, Mulliken JB, et al. Computer-assisted three dimensional planning in craniofacial surgery. Plastic Reconstr Surgery. 1993, 92(4): 576
85．厉松，王邦康，周立新．安氏Ⅱ类1分类错(牙合)的三维X线头影测量研究．北京口腔医学．1998，6(1)：1
86. Savara BS, Miller SH, Demuth RJ, et al. Biostereometrics and computergraphics for patients with craniofacial malformations: Diagnosis and Treatment Planning. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1985, 75(4): 495
87．胡林，詹淑仪，王大章，等．生物立体测量在诊断治疗牙颌面畸形的应用研究．华西口腔医学杂志．1988，6(3)：159
88．胡林，王大章，詹淑仪，等．计算机化莫尔等高条纹对颜面形态的三维测量分析．华西口腔医学杂志．1988，6(1)：13
89．王兴，张震康．中国美貌人群颜面结构的三维测量分析．中华口腔医学杂志．1991，26：27
90. Hemmy DC, et al. Three-dimensional reconstruction of craniofacial deformity using computer tomography. Neurosurgery. 1983, 13(5): 534
91. Vanier WM, Marsh JL, Warren JO, et al. Three dimensional CT reconstructive images foe craniofacial surgical planning and evaluation. Radiology. 1984, 150: 179
92. Ono I, Ohura T, Matumi E, et al. Three dimensional analysis of craniofacial bones using three dimensional computer tomography. J Craniomaxillofacial Surgery. 1992, 20: 48
93．胡静，王大章，胡林，等．计算机颅面三维测量手术预测系统的研制及临床应用．现代口腔医学杂志．1999，13(1)：24
94．傅民魁，等．144名正常牙合中国人的x线头影测量研究．北京医学院学报．1965，4：251
95．林久祥，黄金芳，曾祥龙．X线头影软组织测量的临床价值．中华口腔科杂志．1984，19(1)：17
96．林珠，柯杰，杭洽时，等．计算机化X线头影测量系统的研究．实用口腔医学杂志．1990，6(3)：158
97．傅民魁，许江彦．正常(牙合)颅面结构的电子计算机头影测量研究．Ⅱ颅面结构中的补偿机制．口腔医学纵横．1988，4(1)：1
98. Brodie AG. On the growth pattern of the human head from the third month to the eighth year of life. Am J Anat. 1941, 68: 209
99．傅民魁，田乃学．口腔 X 线头影测量——理论与实践．人民卫生出版社．北京．第一版．1992，P．134
100. Bench RW. The visualized treatment objective: orthodontic's most effective treatment planning tool. Proc Foundation Orthod Res. 1971, (4): 165
101. Ricketts RM. Planning treatment on the basis of facial pattern and an estimate of its growth, Part I. Angle Orthod. 1957,27:14
102. Magness WB. The mini-visual treatment objective. Am J Orthod. 1987,91:361
103．楼昭华，等．上海市128名正常(牙合)儿童的X线头影测量研究．中华口腔科杂志．1981，16：100
104．陈扬熙，等．哈尔滨市100名正常(牙合)儿童侧貌的头影测量研究．中华口腔科杂志．1985，20：45
105．贾孔平．成都市200名儿童颅面结构的计算机辅助X线头影测量研究．华西医科大学硕士学位论文(内部资料)．1987
106．柯杰，等．西安市正常(牙合)青少年X线头影测量研究—计算机辅助测定．实用口腔医学杂志．1992，8：78
107. Faber RD,Burstone CJ,Solonche DJ. Computerized interactive orthodontic treatment planning. Am J Orthod.1978,73(1):36
108. Baumrind S. Computer -aided analysis of written treatment records. Am J Orthod. 1976,69:592
109. Burstone CJ. The uses of the computer in orthodontic practice(Part I). J Clin Orthod. 1979; 13(7):442
110．胡静，王大章，董毅，等．计算机模拟正颌外科手术及疗效预测的研究．华西口腔医学杂志．1991，9(3)：195
111. McNeill RW, Proffit WR, White RP Jr. Cephalometric prediction of orthognathic surgery. Angle Orthod. 1972, 42:154
112. Lines PA. Diagnosis and treatment planning in surgical orthodontic therapy. Am J Orthod. 1974,66:378
113. Burstonc CJ, James RB, Legan H, et al. Cephalometrics for orthognathic surgery. J Oral Surg. 1978,36:269
114. Proffit WR, Epker BN. In Bell et al. Surgical correction of dentofacial deformities. Saunders, Philadelphia. 1980
115. Moshiri F, Jung ST, Sclaroff A, et al. Orthognathic and craniofacial surgical diagnosis and treatment planning: a visual approach. J Clin Orthod. 1982,16:37
116. Bhatia SN, Lowery JH. A computer-aided design for orthognathic surgery. Brit J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1984, 22:237
117. Harradine NWT, Birnie DJ.Computerized prediction of the results of orthognathic surgery. J Max-fac Surg. 1985, 13:245
118. Walters H, Walters Dh. Coputerized planning of maxillo-facial osteotomies the program and its clinical applications. Brit J Oral Maxillo-fac Surg. 1986,24:178
119．罗颂椒，陈扬熙，王大章，等．正颌外科的X线头影测量分析Ⅱ正常(牙合)成人面骨的个体特 征——X线头影测量四边形分析．华西口腔医学杂志．1986，4(3)：169
120．司徒镇强，希扬，顾晓明．牙颌畸形手术治疗中X线头影测量的应用．第四军医大学学报．1989，10(3)：146
121. Lines PA. Soft tissue changes in relationship to movement of hard structures in orthognathic surgery: A preliminary report. J Oral Surg. 1974,32:891
122. Dann JJS. Soft tissue changes associated with total maxillary advancement: A preliminary study. J Oral Surg. 1976,34:19
123. Robinson SW. Soft tissue profile change produced by reduction of mandibular prognathism. Angle Orthod. 1972,42:227
124. Quast CD. The short-term and long-term soft-tissue profile changes accompanying mandibular advancement surgery. Am J Orthod. 1983,84:29
125. Engel GA. Soft-tissue change as a result of maxillary surgery: A preliminary study. Am J Orthod. 1979,75:29
126. Hohl TH, Wolford LM. Craniofacial osteotomies: a photocephalometric technique for the prediction and evaluation of tissue changes. Angle Orthod. 1978,40:114
127. McNamara JA. A method of cephalometric evaluation. Am J Orthod. 1984,86(6):449
128．陈扬熙，罗颂椒，王大章，等．正颌外科的X线头影测量分析Ⅲ X线头影剪裁预测．华西口腔医学杂志．1986，4(4)：235
129. Ricketts RM. An overview of computerized cephalometrics. Am J Orthod. 1972,61(1):1
130. Jacobson A. The proportionate template. Am J orthod. 1979,75:156
131. Jacobson A. Orthognathic diagnosis using the proportionate template. J Oral Surg. 1980,38:820
132. Fish LC, Epker BN. Surgical orothodontic cephalometric prediction tracing. J Clin Orthod. 1980,14:36
133．宫泽正纯，夏本昭二．头部X線规格写真分析颚颜面变形症術後予测．形成外科．1986，29(6)：533
134. Grubb JE. Computer assisted orthognathic surgical treatment planning: a case report. Angle Orthod. 1992,62(3):227
135．周继祥．计算机化X线头影测量及诊断预测系统的建立和研究．华西医科大学博士学位论文．1999
136. Moorees CFA, Lebrets L. The mesh diagram in cephalometrics. Angle Orthod. 1962,32:214
137．王兴，张震康，傅民魁，等．正颌外科计算机诊断、模拟手术及面像预测系统的研制及应用． 北京医科大学学报．1992，24(2)：93
138．夏炯，王东风，黄远亮，等．正颌外科电脑模拟手术系统的研究．中华烧伤整形外科杂志．1994，10(4)：278
139. Bell WH, Proffit WR, White RP. Surgical correction of dentofacial deformities. Vol Ⅱ. WB Saunders Co. 1980
140. Wolford LM, MIlliard FW, DuganDJ. Surgical Treatment Objective. The CV Mosby Co. 1988
141．李忠科．计算机辅助颅颌面硬组织三维形态测量研究．第二炮兵学院学报．1991；4：74
142．姚森．颅颌面硬软组织三维形态测量及临床应用研究．第四军医大学博士学位论文．1993
143. Stoker NG. Sterelithographic models for surgical planning: a preliminary report. J Oral Max-fac Surg. 1992,50:446
144. Karcher H. Three-dimensional craniofacial surgery: transfer from a three disensional model (Endoplan) to clinical surgery:a new technique(Graz). Br J Cran-Max-Fac Surg. 1992,20:125
145. Nanda RS, Ghosh J, Bazakidou E. Three-dimensional facial analysis using a video imaging system. Angle Ortrhod. 1996,66(3):181
146. Ayoub AF, Wray D, Moos KF, et al. Three-dimensional modeling for modern diagnosis and planning in maxillofacial surgery. Int J Adult Orthod Orthognath Surg. 1996,11(3): 225
147．王大章，等．计算机化三维图象分析在牙颌面畸形外科矫治设计中的应用．华西口腔医学杂志．1990，8：212
148. Cutting CB, Grayson BH, Bookstein FL, et al. Tree dimensional computer assisted design of vraniofacial surgical procedure: Optimization and interaction with cephalometric and CT based models. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1986,77(6): 877
149. Stephen R, Mattenson SR, Philgps C, et al. A method for three-dimensional image reformation for quantitative cephalometric analysis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1989,47:1053
150. Hidebelt CE, Vanniet MW, Knapp RH, et al. Validation study of skull three dimensional computerized tomography measurements. Am J Phys Anthropol.1990,82:283
151．魏明贵．颅颌面结构三维分析技术研究现状与进展．口腔颌面外科杂志．1999，9(4)：313
152．李兵，徐有福，乐昵．计算机图像处理技术在医学影像中的进展与应用．生物医学工程学杂志．1993；10(3)：360
1．赵荣椿，赵忠明，崔更生．数字图像处理导论．西北工业大学出版社，1995
2. Eoolt BL. Computerized digital enhancement in cranifacial cephlometric radiography. J Maxillofacial Surg. 1991,49:1038
3. Bunel K. Comparison of soft-tissue enhanced and conventional prediction. Angle Orthod. 1968,38:284-304
4. Eppley BL, Sadove AM. Computerized digital enhancement in craniofacial cephalometric radiology. J Oral Maxillfac Surg. 1991,49:1038
5．钟国康，陈星荣，沈天真，等．医学微机处理的应用体会．中国医学计算机成像杂志．1998，4(2)：135
6．唐晓英，吴祈耀．基于微机的高性能医学影像处理系统．中国医疗器械杂志．1996，20(4)：187
7．李辉，廖梦扬，王思贤，等．开发新型的基于Windows的图像处理系统．中国医学影像技术．1998，14(1)：32
8. Oka SW, Trussell HJ. Digital image enhancement of cephalograms. Angle Orthod. 1978,48:80
9. Sarver DM. Video imaging techniques for planning and consulting in orthognathic surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1988,45:939
10．马育霞，林久祥，傅民魁，等．扫描X线头影测量系统的研制．中华口腔医学杂志．1995，30(2)：116
11．惠光艳．计算机辅助正颌外科模拟系统的建立．第四军医大学硕士学位论文(内部资料)．1997
12. Bochachi V, Quevcda J, Walker R. Comparative annalysis of various system configurations for computer-aided cephalometrie analysis. JADR. 1992,71:142
13．王大章，胡林，白桦，等．计算机化三维图像分析在牙颌颅面畸形外科矫治设计中的应用．华西口腔医学杂志．1990，8(3)：212
14．胡静，王大章，董毅，等．计算机模拟正颌外科手术及疗效预测的研究．华西口腔医学杂志．1991，9(3)：195
15．王兴，张震康，傅民魁，等．正颌外科计算机诊断、模拟手术及面像预测系统的研制及应用．北京医科大学学报．1992，24(2)：93
16．夏炯，王东风，黄远亮，等．正颌外科电脑模拟手术系统的研究．中华整形烧伤外科杂志．1994；10(4)：178．
17. Larrabee WFJ,Maupin G,Sutton D. Profile analysis in facial plastic surgery. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Sug. 1985,111 (10):682
18. Larrabee WFJ. Facial analysis for rhinoplasty. Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America. 1987,20:653
19. Higer P, Richard C, Webster RC, et al. A computerized nasal analysis system. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1983,109 (10) :653
20. Toth BA, Ellis DS, Stewart WB. Computer-designed prostheses for orbitocranial reconstruction. Plastic Reconstructive Surgery. 1988,81 (3):315
21. Papel ID,Park RI. Computer imaging for instruction in facial plastic surgery in a residency program. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1988, 114:1454
22. Thomas JR, Freeman MS, Remmler DJ. et al. Analysis of patient response to properative computerized video imaging. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1989, 115:793
23. Richard C, Mattison MD. Facial video image processing: standard facial image capturing, software, modification, development of a surgical plan and comparison of presurgical and postsugical results. Annals of Plastic Surgery.1992,29 (5):385
24．唐胜健，李直，荣振，等．计算机成像辅助整形外科面部手术设计及效果颅测的临床研究．中华整形烧伤外科杂志．1993，9(4)：264
25．孙福田，付正健．彩色电脑美容整形显像系统的研制与应用．实用美容整形外科杂志．1993，4(4)：175
26. Cutting CB,Bookstein FL,Grayson B.et al. Three-dimensional computer-assisted design of eraniofacial surgical procedures: optimization and interaction with cephalometric and CT-based models. Plastic Rrconstructive Surgery. 1986,77(6):877
27. Cutting C, Grayson B. Bookstein FL, et al. Computer-aided planning and evaluation if facial and orthognathic surgery. Clinics in Plastic Surgery. 1986,13(3):499
28. Scholz RP. Imaging in the orthodontic office (and beyond). Am J Orthod. 1998,114(4): 464
29．李静，胡兵，白玉兴，等．面向对象数据库在医院正畸科信息管理系统中的应用．医学信息．2000，13(2)：64
30. Rollert MK, Strauss RA, Abubaker AO, et al. Telemedicine consultations in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1999,57(2): 136
1．严程．Internet资源与网络多媒体使用指南．北京．第一版．清华大学出版社．1996
2．华纳．V．斯赖客(著)，秦笃烈(译)．赛博医学——计算机如何帮助医生和病人提高医疗质量．南昌．第一版．江西教育出版社．
3．陈宇，董芳明．郭瑞霞，等．(主编)．因特网(Internet)培训教程．北京．宇航出版社．第一版．1997
4．张文德，张进军，李兵仓．国际互联网络在医学中的应用．医学信息．1999，12(11)：14
5．周亚东．INTERNET与远程医疗．中国医院管理．1998，18(7)：26
6．李英杰．Internet与远程医学．医学与社会．1997，10(2)：76
7．Donald AB．计算机在医学的应用．美国医学会杂志(中文版)．1996；15(1)：30
8．袁朝．远程医学的由来与现状．中国远程医学．http://www.cghn.com/ycyl
9．李刚，马建英，刘巍，等．远程医疗：一个国际上的热门课题．国外医学生物医学工程分册．1997，20(2)：85
10. Farman AG,Farag AA. Teleradiology for dentistry. Dent Clin North Am. 1993,37(4): 669
11. Schleyer TK. Online continuing dental education. JADA. 1999, 130(6): 848
12. van Putten MC. Use of the Internet for educational applications in prothodontics. J Prosthet Dent. 1996,76(2): 200
13. Paoli JR, Barthelemy I, Lauwers F, et al. The Internet in oral medicine and maxillofacial Surgery. Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac. 1996, 97(4): 202
14. Peter M, Sfikas JD. Teledentistry: legal and regulatory issues explored. JADA. 1997,128:1716
15. Rollert MK, Straauss RA, Abubaker AO, et al. Telemedicine consultation in oral and maxillofacial surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1999, 57(2): 136
16. James E, Cabral Jr, Yongming Kim. Multimedia systems for telemedicine and their communications requirements. IEEE Communications Magazines. 1996, 34(7): 20
17．远程医疗与网上求医．第四军医大学校园网络使用手册，P166
18．章毓晋．远程医疗的发展现状与前景．多媒体世界．1997，7：61
19. Inoue Takehiro, Inoue Toshihiko. ISDN application for image transmission. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine. 1994,43:139
20．邢建国，李希．应用卫星通讯系统实现医学影像远程诊断．医疗设备信息．1999；5：64
21．李树钧，纪震，牟轩沁，等．利用INTERNET和RAS实现远程医疗．中国医疗器械杂志．1999；23(1)：19
22．毛琦敏，杨友春，刘安滨，等．一种适合中国国情的远程会诊系统．医疗卫生装备．1998，1：13
23．林刚．基于公用交换电话网的远程会诊系统．西安交通大学硕士学位论文．1998
24．《远程医疗》杂志1999年第二期，http://www.eei.com.cn
25．廉世俊，胡大可，赵明鹤．远程医疗系统及应用．国外医学生物医学工程分册．1999，22(4)：198
26. Goldberg MA. Teleradiology and telemedicine. Radio Clin of North Am. 1996, 34(3): 647
27．胡晓红，张帆．远程医学的发展．中国医院管理．1998，18(7)：22
28．池慧(编译)．远程放射学与远程医学．国外医学生物医学工程分册．1998，21(2)：112
29．龚志梅，陈少媚，田燕，等．基于Internet技术的远程医疗系统．中华医院管理杂志．1999；15(3)：183
30．远程医学在中国．《远程医疗》1999年第一期，http://www.eei.com.cn．
31．赵家骜，徐一新，陈法．远程医疗集团化模式实施．中国医院管理．1998，18(7)：27
32．康世俊，胡大可．远程医疗中的通信问题。国外医学生物医学工程分册．1999，22(5)：263
33．技术介绍：会议电视系统与远程医学．http//www.cghn.ycyi/ycyl_7／34.htm
34．巨安丽，徐建荣．远程医疗发展方向——会议电视系统．中国医学教育技术．1999，13(3)：152
35．胡发明．电视医学技术与临床应用．国外医学医院管理分册．1997；(4)：145
1. Templeton AW, Dwyer SJ, Johnson JA, et al. An on-lines digital image management system. Radiology. 1984,152:321
2．蒋翔，钟国康，冯晓源．微机医学图像库．上海生物医学工程．1998，19(1)：34
3．董军，王珍丽，王孔才，等．医学影像数据库系统的设计与应用．医学信息．1998，11(12)：17
4．尚邦治，王海英．医院影像资料管理系统的研制．医疗设备信息．1997，(1)：6
5．廖命镝，汤献困，吴子仪．GW-10医学胶片处理系统．医疗设备信息．1999，2：50
6．曲斌，李福敏．计算机病历管理系统．医疗卫生设备．1997，2：31
7．章晏，朱俊，宋有诚，等．急诊病历信息管理系统．中华医院管理杂志．1999，15(3)：185
8．麻增林．影像科图文信息计算机管理的应用研究．医疗设备信息．1998，3：7
9．王树楷，霍建伟，薛欢，王晓航．医学影像计算机管理的方案选择和试验．医疗设备信息．1999，(2)：1
10．周胜利，鲍华，张旭，等．微机在影像科信息管理中的应用．中国医学计算机成像杂志．1997；3(1)：63
11. Donnelly LF, Jhonson ND, Taylor CNR. Incteased efficiency of radiology information management with a radiology support system. AJR. 1997,168:611
12．张月红，池秀明．医学影像学资料用计算机管理的设想与探讨．中外医用放射技术．1998，7：2
13．于富华，聂生东，马勇，王海燕．多功能计算机阅片系统及其应用研究．医疗设备信息．1999，2：9
14. Guidivada V., Raghavan V. Content-based Image Retrieval System. IEEE Computer. 1995, Sept. P18
15. Ma Wei-Ying, Mahubath, BS. A texture thesaurus for browsing large aerial photographs. J Am Society Information Science. 1988,49(7): 633
16．毛力，张晓林．基于内容的图像库的检索技术与系统现代图书情报技术．1999，(5)：30
17. Lang WP. An application of computer conferencing in dental education. Int J Bio-Medical Comput. 1992,31: 221
18. Lang WP. Constructing a dental electronic information resource (DEIR). Int J Bio-Medical Comput. 1994;35:219
19. Chasteen JE. A computer database approach for dental practice. JADA. 1992,123: 29
20. Miller RL. Computer storage and retrieval system for two-dimentional out line. J Dent Res. 1970,49(5): 1176
21. Dove SB, Mcdavid WD, Welander V, et al. Design and implementation of an image management and communications system(IMACS) for dento-maxillofacial radiology. Dentomaxillofac Radiology. 1992,21 (4): 216
22. Nakagawa K, Matsumoto N, Takatsuka Sm, et al. New cephalometric images with a workstation: A preliminary report. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod.1998,85(3): 329
23．李静，胡冰，白玉兴，等．面向对象数据库在医院正畸科信息管理系统中的应用．医学信息．2000．13(2)：64
24．高文．多媒体数据压缩技术．电子工业出版社．1994
25．林刚．基于公用电话网的远程会诊系统的设计．西安交通大学硕士学位论文(内部资料)．1999
26．萨师煊，王珊．数据库系统概论．高等教育出版社．1991
27．徐洁磐，王根根．数据库系统导论．科学技术文献岀版社．1991
28．汪辉，徐洁磐．图形数据库系统Gsybase的设计与实现．微型计算机．1996，16(1)：4
29．周胜军，刘风军，蔡玉琴．计算机数据库管理在医学中的应用．北京生物医学工程．1998，(2)：90
30．陈敏．数据库技术的现状与展望．现代图书情报技术．1999，(5)：10
31．张玉清，肖国镇．数字签名的软件开发．西安公路交通大学学报．1999，19(4)：117
32．郑庆华，王余蓝．网络化通用图文文档信息系统的研制和实现．微型计算机．1996，16(4)：64
33．王世伟．实用医学影像多媒体计算机教学系统．临床医学影像杂志．1997，8(3)：167
34．高树明．PACS与医学影像教育．医学视听教育．1998，12(2)：95
35．张荣利(编译)．人类第一所数字化医院即将问世．医疗卫生装备．1998，2：44
1. Bhatia SN, Lowery JH. A computer-aided design for orthognathic surgery. Brit J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1984, 22:237
2. Moss JP, Grindrod SR, Linney AD. et al. A computer system for interactive planning and prediction of maxillofacial surgery. Am J Orthod. 1988, 94:469
3. Harradine NWT, Birnie DJ. Computerized prediction of the results of Orthodontic surgery. J Max-fac Surg. 1985,13:245
4．胡静，王大章，董毅，等．计算机模拟正颌外科手术及疗效颅测的研究．华西口腔医学杂志1991，9：195
5．夏炯，王东风，黄远亮，等．正颌外科电脑模拟手术系统的研究．中华整形烧伤外科杂志．1994，10(4)：278
6．王兴，张震康，傅民魁，等．正颌外科计算机诊断、模拟手术及面像预测系统的研制及应用．北京医科大学学报．1992，24(2)：93
7. Sarver DM, Johnson KW. Video imaging: Techniques for superimposition of cephalometric radiography and profile images. Int J Adult Orthod Orthognath Surg. 1990,5(4): 241
8. Grubb JE. Computer assisted orthognathic surgical treatment planning:a case report. Angle Orthod. 1992,62(3): 227
9. Sarver DM, Johnston MW, Matukas VJ. Video imaging for planning and counselling in orthognathic surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1988,45:939
10. Sarver DM.Video cephalometric diagnosis (VCD): A new concept in treatment planning. Am J Orthod.1996,110(2): 128
11. Harzer W, Reinhard A, Dranm P, Radlinger J. Computer supported tele-X-ray diagnostics in maxillary orthodontics. Stomatologie der DDR, 1989,39(3): 181
12. Clarke LP, Ullom SJ, Kenny PJ, et al. Quantitative ECT: Comparison of recovery coefficient and linerity of etector response for single photon and coincidencae detection. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci.1986,36:973
13. Wallis JW, Miller TR.Three-dimensional display in nuclear and radiology. J Nucl Med. 1991,32(3) 534
14．李介谷，施鹏飞．图像处理技术．上海．上海交通大学岀版社．1988，P．99-129
15．徐建华．图像处理与分析．北京．科学岀版社．1992．P．45-97
16．赵荣椿，赵忠明，崔更生．数字图像处理导论．西北工业大学出版社．西安．第一版．1996
17．柯杰．西安市112名正常(牙合)儿童X线头影测量研究—计算机辅助测量．第四军医大学硕士学位论文(内部资料)．1988
18 孙惠．西安地区正常(牙合)成人颅颌面形态结构特征的研究—计算机辅助测量．第四军医大学硕士学位论文(内部资料)．1997
19. Burstone C, James RB, Legan H, et al. Cephalometrics for orthognathic surgery. 1978.36:269
20. Lagan H. Burstone CJ, et al. Soft tisuue cephalometric analysis for orthognathic surgery. J Oral Surg.1980,38:744
21．宿玉成，潘树堂．颏在头颅中位置的研究．佳木斯医学院学报．1989，12(4)：307
22．宿玉成．曹树民，潘树堂，等．上颌骨位簧的判定及上颌前突畸形外科矫正的研究．佳木斯医学院学报．1990，13(4)：315
23．顾晓明，司徒镇强，希扬，等．牙颌畸彤外科治疗中的X线头影测量．实用口腔医学杂志．1988，4(4)：222
24．吴求亮．实用颅颌面成形外科． 浙江科学技术岀版社．P22
25．邓建中．等．计算方法．西安交通大学岀版社 1985
26．王德人．数值逼近论．高等教育岀版社．1990
27．程正兴．数据拟合．西安交通大学岀版社．1985
28. Kenneth RC. Digital image processing. Prentice Hall International Inc. 1996
29. Hu J, Wang D, Luo S, et al. Differences in soft tissue profile changes following mandibular setback in Chinese men and women. J Oral Maxillofac Surg.1999,57(10): 1182
30．蔡希尧，等．面向对象技术．西安电子科技大学出版社．1995
31．李干生，等．面向对象程序设计概念．中国计算机用户．1991，7
32．李干生，等．面向对象的程序开发方法．中国计算机用户．1991，7
33．王国印(译)：Visual C++技术内幕．北京． 清华大学出版社．1994
34．邱仲潘，等．(译)．Visual C++4 从入门到精通．电子工业出版社．1997
35. Nadler GL.Computerized imageing, is it for you? Am J Orhod Dentofac Orthop.1995,107(1):106
36. Higer P, Richard C, Webster RC, et al. Acomputerized nasal analysis system. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1983,109(10): 653
37. Larrabee WFJ. Facial analysis for rhinoplasty. Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America. 1987,20(40):653
38．王大为，钱正国，郭恩覃．鼻整形中的数字图像测量以及其可靠性检验．第二军医大学学报．1993，14(6)：20
39. Constantian MB, Ehrenpreis C, Sheen JH. The expert teaching system: a new method for learing rhinoplasty using interactive computer graphics. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1987,79(2): 278
40. Webber WB. Rhinoplasty: the importance of consistent documentatuon and significant long term follow-up. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1987,79(4): 640
41. Webber WB. A more cost-effective method of preoperative computerized imaging. Plast Reconstr Surg, 1989, 84:143
42．王大为，张明利，钱正国．数字图像在面部整形中的应用．实用美容整形外科杂志．1995，6(4)：184
43. Richard C, Mattison MD. Facial video image processing: standard facial image capturing, software, modification,development of a surgical plan and comparison of presurgical and postsugical results. Annals of Plastic Surgery. 1992,29(5): 385
44. Papel ID, Park RI. Computer imaging for instruction in facial plastic surgery in a residency program. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1988,114:1454
45. Sinclair PM, Kilpelaunen P, Philips C, et al. The accuracy of video imaging in orthognathic surgry. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1995,107:177
46．张桦，唐友盛，夏炯，等．应用计算机面向预测系统评价正颌外科手术效果．上海口腔医学．1998，7(3)：150
47. Lines PA. Soft tissue changes in relationship to movement of hard structures in orthognathic surgery: A preliminary report. J Oral Surg. 1974,32:891
48. Dann JJS. Soft tissue changes associated with total maxillary advancement: A preliminary study. J Oral Surg. 1976,34:19
49. Robinson SW. Soft tissue profile change produuced by reduction of mandibular prognathism. Angle Orthod. 1972,42:227
50. Schendal SA, Eisenfeld J, Bell WH, et al. Superior repositioning of the maxilla: Stability and soft tissue osseous relations. Am J Orthod. 1976,70:663
51. Quast CD. The short-term and long-term soft-tissue profile changes accompanying mandibular advancement surgery. Am J Orthod. 1983,84:29
52．百木田等，葛西一贵．外科矫正治疗后软组织侧貌变化预测．日本口腔科学．1992，18：547
53. Engel GA. Soft-tissue change as a result of maxillary surgery: A preliminary study. Am J Orthod. 1979, 75:29
54．佐藤仁彦．外科的矫正治疗颜面软组织变化预测———有限要素法预测法检讨．日本齿学 1993，67：45
1. Harvold EA. Cleft lip and palate. Am J Orthod. 1954,40: 493
2. Letzer GM, Kronman JH, A posteroanterior cephalometric evaluation of craniofacial asymmetry. Angle Orthod. 1967,37:205
3．近藤悦子．Posteroanterior cephalometric study of craniofacial and arch widths．日矯齿志．1972，31：117
4. Shah SM, Joshi MR. An assessment of asymmetru in the normal craniofacial complex. Angle Orthod.1978,48:141
5. El-Mangoury NH, Shaheen SI, Mostafa YA. Landmark identification in computerized posteroanterior cephalometrics。 Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 1987,91:57
6．王兴，张震康，高克南，等．中国美貌人群的正位X线头影测量研究．口腔医学纵横．1988，4(4)：195
7．谷政澄，池谷正昭，度边正敏，等．正貌X線规格寫真颜面非对称分析．日本口腔外科学会杂志．1989，35(7)：1749
8．于晓慧，黄金芳，林久祥，等．正常(牙合)北京人颅面结构的后前位线头影测量研究．中华口腔医学杂志．1990，25(1)：38
9．青岛 攻．Investigation of the facial symmetry of cases with cross bites needing surgical orthodontic treatment using postero-anterior．日矫齿志．1990，49：256
10．孙红艳，陈华，林珠．正位X线头影测量研究——颅颌横向关系探讨．实用口腔医学杂志．1990，6(4)：284
11. Peck S, Peck L, Kataja M. Skeletal asymmetry in esthetically pleasing faces. Angle Orthod. 1991,61:43
12. Schmid W, Mongini F, Felisio A. A computer-based assessment of structural and displacement asymmetries of the mandible. Am J Orthod. 1991,100(1): 19
13．贾绮林，黄金芳．后前位X线头影测量分析中正中矢状定位线的评价．现代口腔医学杂志．1993，7：84
14．胡静，王大章．董毅．计算机辅助正位头影测量诊断及正颌外科设计．口腔颌面外科杂志．1993，3(3)：132
15．贾绮林，朱宣鹏，吴东．头颅后前位X线头影测量标志点的研究．口腔正畸学杂志．1994，1(3)：120
16．贾绮林，黄金芳．颜面不对称畸形的颅面骨骼结构及其生长发育的研究．中华口腔医学杂志．1994，29(1)：34
17. Chebib FS, Chamma Am. Indices of craniofacial asymmetry. Angle Orthod. 1981,51:214
18．罗松椒．当代实用口腔正畸技术与理论．北京医科大学中国协和医科大学联合出版社．1998，P99
19．北绦健三．颜面对称性研究。 齿科学报．1981，819(2)：1203
20．横尾 聪，寺延 治，井口 新，等．颚颜面非对称症诊断基準关临床的检讨——非对称认知定量化．J Jpn Stomatol Sco．1995，44(3)：509
21．高益鸣，邱蔚六，沈国芳，等．下颌骨不对称畸形颜面软组织特征的初步分析．上海口腔医学．1999，8(3)：141
22．周彦秋，纪昌蓉．颜面不对称畸形的分类矫治．北京口腔医学．1999，7(3)：127
23．陶列，潘晓岗，吴建琳，等．上海地区正常(牙合)成人牙颌面机构研究——Ⅱ牙颌面对称性的后前位X线头影测量分析．上海口腔医学．2000，9(1)：27
1．朱七俊，朱晓伟，Yadin David．远程医学发展策略的探讨．中华医院管理杂志．1999，15(6)：331
2．张永红，白净．远程会诊．世界医疗器械．Vol．4，No．1，Jan 1998
3. Makris L, Kamilatos. Teleworks: A CSCW Application for Remote Medical Diagnosis Support and Teleconsultation. IEEE Information Technology In Biomedicine. Vol 2,NO.2, June 1998
4. Jing Bai, Bingyi Hu. Communication server for telemedicine applications. IEEE Information Technology In Biomedicine. Vol.1, NO.3, Sep 1997
5．巴林风．基于MOTION-JPRG 多媒体实时会诊系统．多媒体世界．1996，10：16
6．毛琦敏，杨友春，刘安滨，等．一种适合中国国情的远程专家会诊系统．医疗卫生装备．1998，1：13
7．梁星原，孙新建，戴波，等．应用Internet 网进行医学影像学异地会诊．医学视听教育．1998，12(2)：97
8．李树钧，纪震，牟轩沁，等．利用Internet和RAS实现远程医疗．中国医疗器械杂志．1999，23(1)：19
9．龚志梅，陈少媚，田燕，等．基于Internet 技术的远程医疗系统．中华医院管理杂志．1999，15(3)：183
10．蔡希尧，陈平．面向对象技术．西安电子科技大学出版社．1995
11．萨师煊，王珊．数据库系统概论．高等教育出版社．1991
12．王国印．Visual C~++技术内幕．清华大学出版社．1994
13．赫葆源，张厚粲，陈舒永．等．实验心理学．北京大学出版社．1983，P10
14．林刚．基于公用交换电话网的远程会诊系统的设计．西安交通大学硕士学位论文(内部资料)．1999，2
15．巨安丽，徐建荣．远程医疗发展方向——会议电视系统．中国医学教育技术．1999，13(3)：152
16．张荣利(编译)．人类第一所数字化医院即将问世．医疗卫生装各．1998，2：44
2．尚邦治，王海英．医院影像资料管理系统的研制．医疗设备信息．1997，(1)：6
3．蒋大宗，邓振生，叶屹，等．数字x线成像与PACS．中国医疗器械杂志．1996，20(4)：218
4．曹厚德．传统X线技术的数字化与PACS．中国医学计算机成像杂志．1996，2(2)：124
5．张兆臣．医学影像学计算机综合事务管理系统．医学信息．1999，12(9)：8
6．钱农，吕军．医院影像管理软件系统的设计和应用．医学信息．2000，13(2)：69
7．毛力，张晓林．基于内容的图象检索技术与系统．现代图书情报技术．1999，5：30
8．苏勉曾，董翊，阮慎康，等．计算X射线摄影系统．中国医疗器械杂志．1996，20(4)：235
9. Koubayashi S, Ogumak, Omura Y, et al. The application of computed radiology to lateral cephalograms. J Jpn Orthod Soc. 1985, 44: 217
10. Kashima I. Computed radiography with photostimulable phosphor in oral maxillofacial radiology. Oral Surg Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1995. 80: 577
11．胡冰．计算机X线摄影技术在口腔医学中的应用．北京口腔医学．2000，8(1)：47
12．孙新建，梁星原，王欣璐，等．电子影像在医学影像专业的应用．现代医用影像学．1998，7(1)：35
13．麻增林．影像科图文信息计算机管理的应用研究．医疗设备信息．1998，3：7
14．董冠群，郑建立，朱政廉，等．视频图像存储仪．上海生物医学工程．1996，17(1)：47
15. Ebrecht DM. Picture archiving and communication systems(PACS) for medical application. Int. J. Biomed Comput. 1994, 35: 91
16．赵喜平，郑崇勋，毛松寿，等．PACS的发展趋势．中华放射学杂志．1998，32(1)：5
17. Batnitaky S, Rosenthal SJ, Siegel EL, et al. Teleradiology: An assenssment. Radiology. 1990, 177: 11
18. Kazuo Inamoto, Kiyonari Inamura, Tokuo Umeda. Oral diagnostic reporting and synchronized image filing using magneto-optocal disks. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine. 1992, 37: 327
19. Kluru A, Mettheus R, Bjerdc KW. Standardization of medical imaging in Europe: an integrated initiative. Comput Method Prog Biomed. 1994, 43: 21
20. Umeda T, Inamura K, Inamoto K, et al. Development and evaluation of oral reporting system for PACS. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine. 1994, 43(1-2): 115
21. Heinila J, Ylliaho J, Ahonen, et al. X window system system based user interface in radiology. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine. 1994, 43: 129
22．王树楷，霍建伟，薛欢，等．医学影像计算机管理的方案选择和试验．医疗设各信息．1999，(2)：1
1. Broadbent BH. A new X-ray technique and its application to orthodontia. Angle Orthod. 1931, 1(1): 45
2. Brown M. Eight methods of analysis a cephalometrics to establish anteroposterier skeletal discrepancy. Br J Orthod. 1981, 8: 139
3. Downs WB. Variation in facial relationships: Their significance in treatment and prognosis. Am J Orthod. 1948, 34: 812
4. Downs WB. The role of cephalometrics in orthodontic case analysis and diagnosis. Am J Orthod. 1952, 38: 162
5. Steiner CC. Cephalometrics for you and me. Am J Orthod. 1953, 39(10): 729
6. Steiner CC. Cephalometrics in clinical practice. Angle Orthod. 1959, 29(1): 8
7. Tweed CH. The Frankfort-mandibular plane angle in orthodontic diagnosis, classification, treatment planning and prognosis. Am J Orthod. 1946, 32: 175
8. Tweed CH. The Frankfort-mandibular incisor angle(FMIA) in orthodontic diagnosis, classification, treatment planning and prognosis. Angle Orthod. 1954, 24: 121
9. Wylie WL. The assessment of anteroposterier dysplasia. Angle Orthod. 1947, 17(3): 97
10. Bjork A. The face in profile: An anthropological X-ray investigation on Swedish children and conscripts. Am J Orthod. 1948, 34(8): 691
11. Burstone CJ. Integumental contour and extension patterns. Angle Orthod. 1959, 29(2): 93
12. Burstone CJ. Soft-tissue cephalometrics analysis for orthognathic surgery. J Oral Surg. 1980, 38: 744
13. Holdaway RA. A soft-tissue cephalometrics analysis and its use in orthodontic treatment planning, Part Ⅰ. Am J Orthod. 1983, 84(1): 1
14. Bishara SE. Longitudinal soft-tissue profile change: A study of the analysis. Am J Orthod. 1985,89:209
15. Ricketts RM. Perspectives in the clinical application of cephalometrics, the first fifty years. Angle Orthod. 1981,51:115
16. Coben SE. The integration of facial skeletal variants: A serial cephalometric roentgenographic analysis of craniofacial and gsowth. Am J Orthod.1955,41: 407
17. Rudolph DJ, Sinclair PM, Coggins JM. Automatic computerized radiographic identification of cephalometric landmarks. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 1998,113(2): 173
18. Ahlgvist J, Eliasson S, Welandre U. The effect of projection error on angular me asurement in cephalometry. Eur J Orthod. 1988,10:353
19. Baumrind S, Frantz RC. The reliability of head film measurements landmark identification. Am J Orthod. 1971,60(2): 111
20. Grarely JF, Benzies RM. The clinical significance of tracing error in cephalometry. Brt J Orthod. 1984,1:95
21. Mrdtgard J, Bjork G, Linder AS. Reproducibility of cephalometric landmarks and errors of measurements of cephalometric cranial distances. Angle Orthod. 1974,34: 56
22. Toarne LP. Accuracy of a commercially available digital: a new method for assessment of errors in linearity. Angle Orthod. 1996,66(6): 433
23. Wah PL, Booke MS, Hagg U. Comparative cephalometric errors for orthodontic and surgical patients. Int J Adult Orthod Orthognath Surg. 1995,10(2): 119
24. Walker GF.A new approach to the analysis of craniofacial morphology and growth. Am J Orthod.1972, 61:221
25. Chebib FS. On-line computer system for the analysis of cephalometric radiographs. Angle Orthod. 1976,46:305
26. Krogman WM. Use of computers in orthodontics analysis and diagnosis:A symposium.Am J Orthod. 1972,61:219
27. Savara BS. The role of computers in dentofacial research and the development of diagnosis aids. Am J Orthod. 1972,61:231
28. Baumrind S. Computer-aided head film analysis: The university of Californi a San Francisco method. Am J Orthod. 1980,78(1):41
29. Coben AM, Linney AD. A low cost system for computer-based cephalometric analysis. Brit J Orthod. 1986, 13: 105
30．曾祥龙,林久祥,黄金芳,等．计算机自动绘图系统在X线头影测量分析的应用．中华口腔科杂志．1983．18：234
31．傅民魁．正常(牙合)颅面结构的电子计算机头影测量研究(Ⅰ Steiner分析法的正常值)．华西口腔医学杂志．1984，2(2)：109
32．金宜霖，王邦康，祖彬彬，等．北京市130名正常(牙合)儿童面部软组织的计算机X线头影测量分析．华西口腔医学杂志．1986，4(1)：53
33．贾孔平，周秀坤．计算机辅助X线头影测量及其BASIC程序．华西口腔医学杂志．1987，5(4)：284
34．柯杰．西安市122名正常(牙合)儿童的X线头影测量研究--计算机辅助测量．第四军医大学硕士学位论文(内部资料)．1988
35．傅民魁，张震康，王兴，等．X线头影图像计算机测量分析系统．中华口腔医学杂志．1992，27(6)：354
36. Sarver DM. Video imaging: Techniques for superimposition of cephalometric radiography and profile image. Int J Adult Orthod Orthognath Surg. 1990, 5(4): 241
37. Sarver DM. Video cephalometric diagnosis(VCD): A new concept in treatment planning? Am J Orthod. 1996, 110(2): 128
38. Sarver DM. Video imaging techniques for planning and counselling in orthognathic surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1988, 45: 939
39. Peter MS. The accuracy of video imaging in orthognathic surgery. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 1995; 107(2): 177
40．马育霞，林久祥，傅民魁，等．扫描X线头影测量系统的研制．中华口腔医学杂志．1995，30(2)：116
41．惠光艳．计算机辅助正颌外科模拟系统的建立．第四军医大学硕士学位论文(内部资料) 1997
42．王佛汉，陆苇，秦军，等．新型计算机X线头影测量分析系统研究．口腔医学纵横．1999，15(3)：145
43．徐芸(主译)．口腔正畸学——现代技术与原理．天津科技翻译出版公司．1996
44. Eoolt BL. Computerized digital enhancement in craniofacial cephalometrics radiography. J Oral Maxillofacial Surg. 1991, 49: 1038
45. Bunel K. Comparison of enhanced and conventional cephalometrics radiographs. J Oral Maxillofacial Surg. 1989, 47: 804
46. Koubayashi S, Ogumak, Omura Y, et al. The application of computed radiology to lateral cephalograms. J Jpn Orthod Soc. 1985, 44: 217
47. Levy-mandel AD, Venetsanopoulos AN, Tsotsos. Knowledge-based landmarking of cephlograms. Comput and Biomed Research. 1986, 19: 282
48. Parthasarathy S, Nugent ST, Gregson PG, et al. Automatic landmarking of cephalograms. Comput Biomed Res. 1989, 22: 248
49. Stamm T, Brinkhaus HA, Ehmer, et al. Computer-aided automated landmarking of cephalograms. J Orofac Orthop. 1998, 59(2): 73
50．邵金陵．X线颅颌面影像计算机自动识别定点研究．第四军医大学博士学位论文．1999
51．张晓，张震康，张熙恩，等．自动X线头影测量分析系统的研究应用．中华口腔医学杂志．1999，34(2)：76
52. Houston WJ. The analysis of errors in orthodontic measurements. Am J Orthod. 1983, 83(5): 382
53. Broth J, Slagsrold O, Rosler M. Error in landmark identification in lateral radiographic headplates. Eur J Orthod. 1981, 3: 9
54. Pass B. Landmark identification in cephalometric radiographs. J Dental Res. 1991, Abstract, P. 70
55. Harzer W, Reinhard A, Dranm P, Radlinger J. Computer supposed tele-X-ray diagnostics in maxillary orthodontics. Stomatologie der DDR. 1989, 39(3): 181
56. Tyndall DA, Boyd KS, Matteson SR, et al. Vdieo—based teleradiology for intraosseous lesions(A receiver operating characteristic analysis). Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 1995, 80: 599
57. Rak D. Application of computerized teleroentgnographic analysis in orthodontic diagnosis. Bilt Udrua Orthodonata Jugosl. 1991, 24(1): 43
58. Farman AG, Farag AA. Teleradiology for dentistry. Dent Clin North Am. 1993, 37(4): 669
59. Bergin R, Hallenberg J, Malmgren O. Computerized cephalometric. Acta Odontol Scand. 1978, 36: 349
60. Burstone CJ. The integumental profile. Am J Orthod. 1958, 44: 1
61. Burstone CJ. Lip posture and its significance in treatment planning. Am J Orthod. 1967, 53: 262
62. Holdaway RA. A soft tissue cephalometric analysis and its use in orthodontic treatment planning. Part Ⅱ. Am J Orthod. 1984, 85: 279
63. Burstone CJ. Soft tissue profile: fallacies of hard tissue standards in treatment planning. Am J Orthod DentofaciaI Orthop. 1986, 90: 52
64. Wylie GA, Fish LC, Epker BN. Cephalometrics: a comparison of five analysis currently used in the diagnosis of dentofacial deformities. Int J Adult Orthod Orthog Surg. 1987, 2: 15
65. Arnett GW, Bergmen RT. Facial keys to orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Part Ⅰ. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1993, 103: 299
66. Arnett GW, Bergmen RT. Facial keys to orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Part Ⅱ. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1993, 103: 395
67. Arnett GW, Jelic JS, Kim J, et al. Soft tissue cephalometric amalysis: Diagnosis and treatment planning of dentofacial deformity. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1999, 116: 239
68. Bergman RT. Cephalometric soft tissue facial analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1999, 116: 373
69. Merrifield LL. The profile line as an aid in critically evaluating facial esthetics. Am J Orthod. 1966, 522: 804
70. Ricketts RM. Esthetics, enviroument, and the law of lip relation. Am J Orthod 1968, 54: 272
71. Harvold EA. Cleft lip and palate. Am J Orthod. 1954, 40: 493
72. Erickson GE, Waite DE. Mandibular asymmetry. JADA. 1974, 89: 1369
73．横尾 聰，寺延治，井口新，等．颚颜面非对称症诊断基準關临床的检讨——非对称认知定量化．J Jpn Stomatol Sco．1995，44(3)：509
74．谷政 澄，池谷正昭，度边正敏，等．正貌X缐规格写真颜面非对称分析．日本口腔外科学会杂志．1989，35(7)：1749
75. 青岛 攻. Investigation of the facial symmetry of cases with cross bites needing surgical orthodontic treatment using postero-anterior．日矫齿志．1990，49：256
76．孙红艳，陈华，林珠．正位X线头影测量研究——颅颌横向关系探讨．实用口腔医学杂志．1990，6(4)：284
77．王兴，张震康，高克南，等．中国美貌人群的正位X线头影测量研究．口腔医学纵横．1988，4(4)：195
78. El-Mangoury NH, Shahecn SI, Mostafa YA. Landmark identification in computerized posteroanterior cephalomctrics. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 1987, 91: 57-61
79. Sheldom B, Moffit F, Curry S, et al. Three dimensional X-ray stereometry from paired colanar images: A progress report. Am J Orthod 1983, 84(4): 293
80. Sheldom B, Moffit F, Curry S, et al. The geometry of three dimensional measurment from paired colanar X-ray images. Am J Orthod. 1983, 84(4): 313
81. Grayson BH, Cutting C, Fred L, et al. The three-dimension cephalogram: theory, technique and clinical application. Am J Orthod 1988. 1994(4): 329
82. Brown T, et al. Computer-assited location of reference points in three dimensions for radiographic cephalometry. Am J Orthod 1989, 95: 490
83．姚森．计算机辅助X三维线头影测量新法．第四军医大学学报．1991，12(4)：248
84. Altobelli DE, Kikinis R, Mulliken JB, et al. Computer-assisted three dimensional planning in craniofacial surgery. Plastic Reconstr Surgery. 1993, 92(4): 576
85．厉松，王邦康，周立新．安氏Ⅱ类1分类错(牙合)的三维X线头影测量研究．北京口腔医学．1998，6(1)：1
86. Savara BS, Miller SH, Demuth RJ, et al. Biostereometrics and computergraphics for patients with craniofacial malformations: Diagnosis and Treatment Planning. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1985, 75(4): 495
87．胡林，詹淑仪，王大章，等．生物立体测量在诊断治疗牙颌面畸形的应用研究．华西口腔医学杂志．1988，6(3)：159
88．胡林，王大章，詹淑仪，等．计算机化莫尔等高条纹对颜面形态的三维测量分析．华西口腔医学杂志．1988，6(1)：13
89．王兴，张震康．中国美貌人群颜面结构的三维测量分析．中华口腔医学杂志．1991，26：27
90. Hemmy DC, et al. Three-dimensional reconstruction of craniofacial deformity using computer tomography. Neurosurgery. 1983, 13(5): 534
91. Vanier WM, Marsh JL, Warren JO, et al. Three dimensional CT reconstructive images foe craniofacial surgical planning and evaluation. Radiology. 1984, 150: 179
92. Ono I, Ohura T, Matumi E, et al. Three dimensional analysis of craniofacial bones using three dimensional computer tomography. J Craniomaxillofacial Surgery. 1992, 20: 48
93．胡静，王大章，胡林，等．计算机颅面三维测量手术预测系统的研制及临床应用．现代口腔医学杂志．1999，13(1)：24
94．傅民魁，等．144名正常牙合中国人的x线头影测量研究．北京医学院学报．1965，4：251
95．林久祥，黄金芳，曾祥龙．X线头影软组织测量的临床价值．中华口腔科杂志．1984，19(1)：17
96．林珠，柯杰，杭洽时，等．计算机化X线头影测量系统的研究．实用口腔医学杂志．1990，6(3)：158
97．傅民魁，许江彦．正常(牙合)颅面结构的电子计算机头影测量研究．Ⅱ颅面结构中的补偿机制．口腔医学纵横．1988，4(1)：1
98. Brodie AG. On the growth pattern of the human head from the third month to the eighth year of life. Am J Anat. 1941, 68: 209
99．傅民魁，田乃学．口腔 X 线头影测量——理论与实践．人民卫生出版社．北京．第一版．1992，P．134
100. Bench RW. The visualized treatment objective: orthodontic's most effective treatment planning tool. Proc Foundation Orthod Res. 1971, (4): 165
101. Ricketts RM. Planning treatment on the basis of facial pattern and an estimate of its growth, Part I. Angle Orthod. 1957,27:14
102. Magness WB. The mini-visual treatment objective. Am J Orthod. 1987,91:361
103．楼昭华，等．上海市128名正常(牙合)儿童的X线头影测量研究．中华口腔科杂志．1981，16：100
104．陈扬熙，等．哈尔滨市100名正常(牙合)儿童侧貌的头影测量研究．中华口腔科杂志．1985，20：45
105．贾孔平．成都市200名儿童颅面结构的计算机辅助X线头影测量研究．华西医科大学硕士学位论文(内部资料)．1987
106．柯杰，等．西安市正常(牙合)青少年X线头影测量研究—计算机辅助测定．实用口腔医学杂志．1992，8：78
107. Faber RD,Burstone CJ,Solonche DJ. Computerized interactive orthodontic treatment planning. Am J Orthod.1978,73(1):36
108. Baumrind S. Computer -aided analysis of written treatment records. Am J Orthod. 1976,69:592
109. Burstone CJ. The uses of the computer in orthodontic practice(Part I). J Clin Orthod. 1979; 13(7):442
110．胡静，王大章，董毅，等．计算机模拟正颌外科手术及疗效预测的研究．华西口腔医学杂志．1991，9(3)：195
111. McNeill RW, Proffit WR, White RP Jr. Cephalometric prediction of orthognathic surgery. Angle Orthod. 1972, 42:154
112. Lines PA. Diagnosis and treatment planning in surgical orthodontic therapy. Am J Orthod. 1974,66:378
113. Burstonc CJ, James RB, Legan H, et al. Cephalometrics for orthognathic surgery. J Oral Surg. 1978,36:269
114. Proffit WR, Epker BN. In Bell et al. Surgical correction of dentofacial deformities. Saunders, Philadelphia. 1980
115. Moshiri F, Jung ST, Sclaroff A, et al. Orthognathic and craniofacial surgical diagnosis and treatment planning: a visual approach. J Clin Orthod. 1982,16:37
116. Bhatia SN, Lowery JH. A computer-aided design for orthognathic surgery. Brit J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1984, 22:237
117. Harradine NWT, Birnie DJ.Computerized prediction of the results of orthognathic surgery. J Max-fac Surg. 1985, 13:245
118. Walters H, Walters Dh. Coputerized planning of maxillo-facial osteotomies the program and its clinical applications. Brit J Oral Maxillo-fac Surg. 1986,24:178
119．罗颂椒，陈扬熙，王大章，等．正颌外科的X线头影测量分析Ⅱ正常(牙合)成人面骨的个体特 征——X线头影测量四边形分析．华西口腔医学杂志．1986，4(3)：169
120．司徒镇强，希扬，顾晓明．牙颌畸形手术治疗中X线头影测量的应用．第四军医大学学报．1989，10(3)：146
121. Lines PA. Soft tissue changes in relationship to movement of hard structures in orthognathic surgery: A preliminary report. J Oral Surg. 1974,32:891
122. Dann JJS. Soft tissue changes associated with total maxillary advancement: A preliminary study. J Oral Surg. 1976,34:19
123. Robinson SW. Soft tissue profile change produced by reduction of mandibular prognathism. Angle Orthod. 1972,42:227
124. Quast CD. The short-term and long-term soft-tissue profile changes accompanying mandibular advancement surgery. Am J Orthod. 1983,84:29
125. Engel GA. Soft-tissue change as a result of maxillary surgery: A preliminary study. Am J Orthod. 1979,75:29
126. Hohl TH, Wolford LM. Craniofacial osteotomies: a photocephalometric technique for the prediction and evaluation of tissue changes. Angle Orthod. 1978,40:114
127. McNamara JA. A method of cephalometric evaluation. Am J Orthod. 1984,86(6):449
128．陈扬熙，罗颂椒，王大章，等．正颌外科的X线头影测量分析Ⅲ X线头影剪裁预测．华西口腔医学杂志．1986，4(4)：235
129. Ricketts RM. An overview of computerized cephalometrics. Am J Orthod. 1972,61(1):1
130. Jacobson A. The proportionate template. Am J orthod. 1979,75:156
131. Jacobson A. Orthognathic diagnosis using the proportionate template. J Oral Surg. 1980,38:820
132. Fish LC, Epker BN. Surgical orothodontic cephalometric prediction tracing. J Clin Orthod. 1980,14:36
133．宫泽正纯，夏本昭二．头部X線规格写真分析颚颜面变形症術後予测．形成外科．1986，29(6)：533
134. Grubb JE. Computer assisted orthognathic surgical treatment planning: a case report. Angle Orthod. 1992,62(3):227
135．周继祥．计算机化X线头影测量及诊断预测系统的建立和研究．华西医科大学博士学位论文．1999
136. Moorees CFA, Lebrets L. The mesh diagram in cephalometrics. Angle Orthod. 1962,32:214
137．王兴，张震康，傅民魁，等．正颌外科计算机诊断、模拟手术及面像预测系统的研制及应用． 北京医科大学学报．1992，24(2)：93
138．夏炯，王东风，黄远亮，等．正颌外科电脑模拟手术系统的研究．中华烧伤整形外科杂志．1994，10(4)：278
139. Bell WH, Proffit WR, White RP. Surgical correction of dentofacial deformities. Vol Ⅱ. WB Saunders Co. 1980
140. Wolford LM, MIlliard FW, DuganDJ. Surgical Treatment Objective. The CV Mosby Co. 1988
141．李忠科．计算机辅助颅颌面硬组织三维形态测量研究．第二炮兵学院学报．1991；4：74
142．姚森．颅颌面硬软组织三维形态测量及临床应用研究．第四军医大学博士学位论文．1993
143. Stoker NG. Sterelithographic models for surgical planning: a preliminary report. J Oral Max-fac Surg. 1992,50:446
144. Karcher H. Three-dimensional craniofacial surgery: transfer from a three disensional model (Endoplan) to clinical surgery:a new technique(Graz). Br J Cran-Max-Fac Surg. 1992,20:125
145. Nanda RS, Ghosh J, Bazakidou E. Three-dimensional facial analysis using a video imaging system. Angle Ortrhod. 1996,66(3):181
146. Ayoub AF, Wray D, Moos KF, et al. Three-dimensional modeling for modern diagnosis and planning in maxillofacial surgery. Int J Adult Orthod Orthognath Surg. 1996,11(3): 225
147．王大章，等．计算机化三维图象分析在牙颌面畸形外科矫治设计中的应用．华西口腔医学杂志．1990，8：212
148. Cutting CB, Grayson BH, Bookstein FL, et al. Tree dimensional computer assisted design of vraniofacial surgical procedure: Optimization and interaction with cephalometric and CT based models. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1986,77(6): 877
149. Stephen R, Mattenson SR, Philgps C, et al. A method for three-dimensional image reformation for quantitative cephalometric analysis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1989,47:1053
150. Hidebelt CE, Vanniet MW, Knapp RH, et al. Validation study of skull three dimensional computerized tomography measurements. Am J Phys Anthropol.1990,82:283
151．魏明贵．颅颌面结构三维分析技术研究现状与进展．口腔颌面外科杂志．1999，9(4)：313
152．李兵，徐有福，乐昵．计算机图像处理技术在医学影像中的进展与应用．生物医学工程学杂志．1993；10(3)：360
1．赵荣椿，赵忠明，崔更生．数字图像处理导论．西北工业大学出版社，1995
2. Eoolt BL. Computerized digital enhancement in cranifacial cephlometric radiography. J Maxillofacial Surg. 1991,49:1038
3. Bunel K. Comparison of soft-tissue enhanced and conventional prediction. Angle Orthod. 1968,38:284-304
4. Eppley BL, Sadove AM. Computerized digital enhancement in craniofacial cephalometric radiology. J Oral Maxillfac Surg. 1991,49:1038
5．钟国康，陈星荣，沈天真，等．医学微机处理的应用体会．中国医学计算机成像杂志．1998，4(2)：135
6．唐晓英，吴祈耀．基于微机的高性能医学影像处理系统．中国医疗器械杂志．1996，20(4)：187
7．李辉，廖梦扬，王思贤，等．开发新型的基于Windows的图像处理系统．中国医学影像技术．1998，14(1)：32
8. Oka SW, Trussell HJ. Digital image enhancement of cephalograms. Angle Orthod. 1978,48:80
9. Sarver DM. Video imaging techniques for planning and consulting in orthognathic surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1988,45:939
10．马育霞，林久祥，傅民魁，等．扫描X线头影测量系统的研制．中华口腔医学杂志．1995，30(2)：116
11．惠光艳．计算机辅助正颌外科模拟系统的建立．第四军医大学硕士学位论文(内部资料)．1997
12. Bochachi V, Quevcda J, Walker R. Comparative annalysis of various system configurations for computer-aided cephalometrie analysis. JADR. 1992,71:142
13．王大章，胡林，白桦，等．计算机化三维图像分析在牙颌颅面畸形外科矫治设计中的应用．华西口腔医学杂志．1990，8(3)：212
14．胡静，王大章，董毅，等．计算机模拟正颌外科手术及疗效预测的研究．华西口腔医学杂志．1991，9(3)：195
15．王兴，张震康，傅民魁，等．正颌外科计算机诊断、模拟手术及面像预测系统的研制及应用．北京医科大学学报．1992，24(2)：93
16．夏炯，王东风，黄远亮，等．正颌外科电脑模拟手术系统的研究．中华整形烧伤外科杂志．1994；10(4)：178．
17. Larrabee WFJ,Maupin G,Sutton D. Profile analysis in facial plastic surgery. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Sug. 1985,111 (10):682
18. Larrabee WFJ. Facial analysis for rhinoplasty. Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America. 1987,20:653
19. Higer P, Richard C, Webster RC, et al. A computerized nasal analysis system. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1983,109 (10) :653
20. Toth BA, Ellis DS, Stewart WB. Computer-designed prostheses for orbitocranial reconstruction. Plastic Reconstructive Surgery. 1988,81 (3):315
21. Papel ID,Park RI. Computer imaging for instruction in facial plastic surgery in a residency program. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1988, 114:1454
22. Thomas JR, Freeman MS, Remmler DJ. et al. Analysis of patient response to properative computerized video imaging. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1989, 115:793
23. Richard C, Mattison MD. Facial video image processing: standard facial image capturing, software, modification, development of a surgical plan and comparison of presurgical and postsugical results. Annals of Plastic Surgery.1992,29 (5):385
24．唐胜健，李直，荣振，等．计算机成像辅助整形外科面部手术设计及效果颅测的临床研究．中华整形烧伤外科杂志．1993，9(4)：264
25．孙福田，付正健．彩色电脑美容整形显像系统的研制与应用．实用美容整形外科杂志．1993，4(4)：175
26. Cutting CB,Bookstein FL,Grayson B.et al. Three-dimensional computer-assisted design of eraniofacial surgical procedures: optimization and interaction with cephalometric and CT-based models. Plastic Rrconstructive Surgery. 1986,77(6):877
27. Cutting C, Grayson B. Bookstein FL, et al. Computer-aided planning and evaluation if facial and orthognathic surgery. Clinics in Plastic Surgery. 1986,13(3):499
28. Scholz RP. Imaging in the orthodontic office (and beyond). Am J Orthod. 1998,114(4): 464
29．李静，胡兵，白玉兴，等．面向对象数据库在医院正畸科信息管理系统中的应用．医学信息．2000，13(2)：64
30. Rollert MK, Strauss RA, Abubaker AO, et al. Telemedicine consultations in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1999,57(2): 136
1．严程．Internet资源与网络多媒体使用指南．北京．第一版．清华大学出版社．1996
2．华纳．V．斯赖客(著)，秦笃烈(译)．赛博医学——计算机如何帮助医生和病人提高医疗质量．南昌．第一版．江西教育出版社．
3．陈宇，董芳明．郭瑞霞，等．(主编)．因特网(Internet)培训教程．北京．宇航出版社．第一版．1997
4．张文德，张进军，李兵仓．国际互联网络在医学中的应用．医学信息．1999，12(11)：14
5．周亚东．INTERNET与远程医疗．中国医院管理．1998，18(7)：26
6．李英杰．Internet与远程医学．医学与社会．1997，10(2)：76
7．Donald AB．计算机在医学的应用．美国医学会杂志(中文版)．1996；15(1)：30
8．袁朝．远程医学的由来与现状．中国远程医学．http://www.cghn.com/ycyl
9．李刚，马建英，刘巍，等．远程医疗：一个国际上的热门课题．国外医学生物医学工程分册．1997，20(2)：85
10. Farman AG,Farag AA. Teleradiology for dentistry. Dent Clin North Am. 1993,37(4): 669
11. Schleyer TK. Online continuing dental education. JADA. 1999, 130(6): 848
12. van Putten MC. Use of the Internet for educational applications in prothodontics. J Prosthet Dent. 1996,76(2): 200
13. Paoli JR, Barthelemy I, Lauwers F, et al. The Internet in oral medicine and maxillofacial Surgery. Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac. 1996, 97(4): 202
14. Peter M, Sfikas JD. Teledentistry: legal and regulatory issues explored. JADA. 1997,128:1716
15. Rollert MK, Straauss RA, Abubaker AO, et al. Telemedicine consultation in oral and maxillofacial surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1999, 57(2): 136
16. James E, Cabral Jr, Yongming Kim. Multimedia systems for telemedicine and their communications requirements. IEEE Communications Magazines. 1996, 34(7): 20
17．远程医疗与网上求医．第四军医大学校园网络使用手册，P166
18．章毓晋．远程医疗的发展现状与前景．多媒体世界．1997，7：61
19. Inoue Takehiro, Inoue Toshihiko. ISDN application for image transmission. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine. 1994,43:139
20．邢建国，李希．应用卫星通讯系统实现医学影像远程诊断．医疗设备信息．1999；5：64
21．李树钧，纪震，牟轩沁，等．利用INTERNET和RAS实现远程医疗．中国医疗器械杂志．1999；23(1)：19
22．毛琦敏，杨友春，刘安滨，等．一种适合中国国情的远程会诊系统．医疗卫生装备．1998，1：13
23．林刚．基于公用交换电话网的远程会诊系统．西安交通大学硕士学位论文．1998
24．《远程医疗》杂志1999年第二期，http://www.eei.com.cn
25．廉世俊，胡大可，赵明鹤．远程医疗系统及应用．国外医学生物医学工程分册．1999，22(4)：198
26. Goldberg MA. Teleradiology and telemedicine. Radio Clin of North Am. 1996, 34(3): 647
27．胡晓红，张帆．远程医学的发展．中国医院管理．1998，18(7)：22
28．池慧(编译)．远程放射学与远程医学．国外医学生物医学工程分册．1998，21(2)：112
29．龚志梅，陈少媚，田燕，等．基于Internet技术的远程医疗系统．中华医院管理杂志．1999；15(3)：183
30．远程医学在中国．《远程医疗》1999年第一期，http://www.eei.com.cn．
31．赵家骜，徐一新，陈法．远程医疗集团化模式实施．中国医院管理．1998，18(7)：27
32．康世俊，胡大可．远程医疗中的通信问题。国外医学生物医学工程分册．1999，22(5)：263
33．技术介绍：会议电视系统与远程医学．http//www.cghn.ycyi/ycyl_7／34.htm
34．巨安丽，徐建荣．远程医疗发展方向——会议电视系统．中国医学教育技术．1999，13(3)：152
35．胡发明．电视医学技术与临床应用．国外医学医院管理分册．1997；(4)：145
1. Templeton AW, Dwyer SJ, Johnson JA, et al. An on-lines digital image management system. Radiology. 1984,152:321
2．蒋翔，钟国康，冯晓源．微机医学图像库．上海生物医学工程．1998，19(1)：34
3．董军，王珍丽，王孔才，等．医学影像数据库系统的设计与应用．医学信息．1998，11(12)：17
4．尚邦治，王海英．医院影像资料管理系统的研制．医疗设备信息．1997，(1)：6
5．廖命镝，汤献困，吴子仪．GW-10医学胶片处理系统．医疗设备信息．1999，2：50
6．曲斌，李福敏．计算机病历管理系统．医疗卫生设备．1997，2：31
7．章晏，朱俊，宋有诚，等．急诊病历信息管理系统．中华医院管理杂志．1999，15(3)：185
8．麻增林．影像科图文信息计算机管理的应用研究．医疗设备信息．1998，3：7
9．王树楷，霍建伟，薛欢，王晓航．医学影像计算机管理的方案选择和试验．医疗设备信息．1999，(2)：1
10．周胜利，鲍华，张旭，等．微机在影像科信息管理中的应用．中国医学计算机成像杂志．1997；3(1)：63
11. Donnelly LF, Jhonson ND, Taylor CNR. Incteased efficiency of radiology information management with a radiology support system. AJR. 1997,168:611
12．张月红，池秀明．医学影像学资料用计算机管理的设想与探讨．中外医用放射技术．1998，7：2
13．于富华，聂生东，马勇，王海燕．多功能计算机阅片系统及其应用研究．医疗设备信息．1999，2：9
14. Guidivada V., Raghavan V. Content-based Image Retrieval System. IEEE Computer. 1995, Sept. P18
15. Ma Wei-Ying, Mahubath, BS. A texture thesaurus for browsing large aerial photographs. J Am Society Information Science. 1988,49(7): 633
16．毛力，张晓林．基于内容的图像库的检索技术与系统现代图书情报技术．1999，(5)：30
17. Lang WP. An application of computer conferencing in dental education. Int J Bio-Medical Comput. 1992,31: 221
18. Lang WP. Constructing a dental electronic information resource (DEIR). Int J Bio-Medical Comput. 1994;35:219
19. Chasteen JE. A computer database approach for dental practice. JADA. 1992,123: 29
20. Miller RL. Computer storage and retrieval system for two-dimentional out line. J Dent Res. 1970,49(5): 1176
21. Dove SB, Mcdavid WD, Welander V, et al. Design and implementation of an image management and communications system(IMACS) for dento-maxillofacial radiology. Dentomaxillofac Radiology. 1992,21 (4): 216
22. Nakagawa K, Matsumoto N, Takatsuka Sm, et al. New cephalometric images with a workstation: A preliminary report. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod.1998,85(3): 329
23．李静，胡冰，白玉兴，等．面向对象数据库在医院正畸科信息管理系统中的应用．医学信息．2000．13(2)：64
24．高文．多媒体数据压缩技术．电子工业出版社．1994
25．林刚．基于公用电话网的远程会诊系统的设计．西安交通大学硕士学位论文(内部资料)．1999
26．萨师煊，王珊．数据库系统概论．高等教育出版社．1991
27．徐洁磐，王根根．数据库系统导论．科学技术文献岀版社．1991
28．汪辉，徐洁磐．图形数据库系统Gsybase的设计与实现．微型计算机．1996，16(1)：4
29．周胜军，刘风军，蔡玉琴．计算机数据库管理在医学中的应用．北京生物医学工程．1998，(2)：90
30．陈敏．数据库技术的现状与展望．现代图书情报技术．1999，(5)：10
31．张玉清，肖国镇．数字签名的软件开发．西安公路交通大学学报．1999，19(4)：117
32．郑庆华，王余蓝．网络化通用图文文档信息系统的研制和实现．微型计算机．1996，16(4)：64
33．王世伟．实用医学影像多媒体计算机教学系统．临床医学影像杂志．1997，8(3)：167
34．高树明．PACS与医学影像教育．医学视听教育．1998，12(2)：95
35．张荣利(编译)．人类第一所数字化医院即将问世．医疗卫生装备．1998，2：44
1. Bhatia SN, Lowery JH. A computer-aided design for orthognathic surgery. Brit J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1984, 22:237
2. Moss JP, Grindrod SR, Linney AD. et al. A computer system for interactive planning and prediction of maxillofacial surgery. Am J Orthod. 1988, 94:469
3. Harradine NWT, Birnie DJ. Computerized prediction of the results of Orthodontic surgery. J Max-fac Surg. 1985,13:245
4．胡静，王大章，董毅，等．计算机模拟正颌外科手术及疗效颅测的研究．华西口腔医学杂志1991，9：195
5．夏炯，王东风，黄远亮，等．正颌外科电脑模拟手术系统的研究．中华整形烧伤外科杂志．1994，10(4)：278
6．王兴，张震康，傅民魁，等．正颌外科计算机诊断、模拟手术及面像预测系统的研制及应用．北京医科大学学报．1992，24(2)：93
7. Sarver DM, Johnson KW. Video imaging: Techniques for superimposition of cephalometric radiography and profile images. Int J Adult Orthod Orthognath Surg. 1990,5(4): 241
8. Grubb JE. Computer assisted orthognathic surgical treatment planning:a case report. Angle Orthod. 1992,62(3): 227
9. Sarver DM, Johnston MW, Matukas VJ. Video imaging for planning and counselling in orthognathic surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1988,45:939
10. Sarver DM.Video cephalometric diagnosis (VCD): A new concept in treatment planning. Am J Orthod.1996,110(2): 128
11. Harzer W, Reinhard A, Dranm P, Radlinger J. Computer supported tele-X-ray diagnostics in maxillary orthodontics. Stomatologie der DDR, 1989,39(3): 181
12. Clarke LP, Ullom SJ, Kenny PJ, et al. Quantitative ECT: Comparison of recovery coefficient and linerity of etector response for single photon and coincidencae detection. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci.1986,36:973
13. Wallis JW, Miller TR.Three-dimensional display in nuclear and radiology. J Nucl Med. 1991,32(3) 534
14．李介谷，施鹏飞．图像处理技术．上海．上海交通大学岀版社．1988，P．99-129
15．徐建华．图像处理与分析．北京．科学岀版社．1992．P．45-97
16．赵荣椿，赵忠明，崔更生．数字图像处理导论．西北工业大学出版社．西安．第一版．1996
17．柯杰．西安市112名正常(牙合)儿童X线头影测量研究—计算机辅助测量．第四军医大学硕士学位论文(内部资料)．1988
18 孙惠．西安地区正常(牙合)成人颅颌面形态结构特征的研究—计算机辅助测量．第四军医大学硕士学位论文(内部资料)．1997
19. Burstone C, James RB, Legan H, et al. Cephalometrics for orthognathic surgery. 1978.36:269
20. Lagan H. Burstone CJ, et al. Soft tisuue cephalometric analysis for orthognathic surgery. J Oral Surg.1980,38:744
21．宿玉成，潘树堂．颏在头颅中位置的研究．佳木斯医学院学报．1989，12(4)：307
22．宿玉成．曹树民，潘树堂，等．上颌骨位簧的判定及上颌前突畸形外科矫正的研究．佳木斯医学院学报．1990，13(4)：315
23．顾晓明，司徒镇强，希扬，等．牙颌畸彤外科治疗中的X线头影测量．实用口腔医学杂志．1988，4(4)：222
24．吴求亮．实用颅颌面成形外科． 浙江科学技术岀版社．P22
25．邓建中．等．计算方法．西安交通大学岀版社 1985
26．王德人．数值逼近论．高等教育岀版社．1990
27．程正兴．数据拟合．西安交通大学岀版社．1985
28. Kenneth RC. Digital image processing. Prentice Hall International Inc. 1996
29. Hu J, Wang D, Luo S, et al. Differences in soft tissue profile changes following mandibular setback in Chinese men and women. J Oral Maxillofac Surg.1999,57(10): 1182
30．蔡希尧，等．面向对象技术．西安电子科技大学出版社．1995
31．李干生，等．面向对象程序设计概念．中国计算机用户．1991，7
32．李干生，等．面向对象的程序开发方法．中国计算机用户．1991，7
33．王国印(译)：Visual C++技术内幕．北京． 清华大学出版社．1994
34．邱仲潘，等．(译)．Visual C++4 从入门到精通．电子工业出版社．1997
35. Nadler GL.Computerized imageing, is it for you? Am J Orhod Dentofac Orthop.1995,107(1):106
36. Higer P, Richard C, Webster RC, et al. Acomputerized nasal analysis system. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1983,109(10): 653
37. Larrabee WFJ. Facial analysis for rhinoplasty. Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America. 1987,20(40):653
38．王大为，钱正国，郭恩覃．鼻整形中的数字图像测量以及其可靠性检验．第二军医大学学报．1993，14(6)：20
39. Constantian MB, Ehrenpreis C, Sheen JH. The expert teaching system: a new method for learing rhinoplasty using interactive computer graphics. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1987,79(2): 278
40. Webber WB. Rhinoplasty: the importance of consistent documentatuon and significant long term follow-up. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1987,79(4): 640
41. Webber WB. A more cost-effective method of preoperative computerized imaging. Plast Reconstr Surg, 1989, 84:143
42．王大为，张明利，钱正国．数字图像在面部整形中的应用．实用美容整形外科杂志．1995，6(4)：184
43. Richard C, Mattison MD. Facial video image processing: standard facial image capturing, software, modification,development of a surgical plan and comparison of presurgical and postsugical results. Annals of Plastic Surgery. 1992,29(5): 385
44. Papel ID, Park RI. Computer imaging for instruction in facial plastic surgery in a residency program. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1988,114:1454
45. Sinclair PM, Kilpelaunen P, Philips C, et al. The accuracy of video imaging in orthognathic surgry. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1995,107:177
46．张桦，唐友盛，夏炯，等．应用计算机面向预测系统评价正颌外科手术效果．上海口腔医学．1998，7(3)：150
47. Lines PA. Soft tissue changes in relationship to movement of hard structures in orthognathic surgery: A preliminary report. J Oral Surg. 1974,32:891
48. Dann JJS. Soft tissue changes associated with total maxillary advancement: A preliminary study. J Oral Surg. 1976,34:19
49. Robinson SW. Soft tissue profile change produuced by reduction of mandibular prognathism. Angle Orthod. 1972,42:227
50. Schendal SA, Eisenfeld J, Bell WH, et al. Superior repositioning of the maxilla: Stability and soft tissue osseous relations. Am J Orthod. 1976,70:663
51. Quast CD. The short-term and long-term soft-tissue profile changes accompanying mandibular advancement surgery. Am J Orthod. 1983,84:29
52．百木田等，葛西一贵．外科矫正治疗后软组织侧貌变化预测．日本口腔科学．1992，18：547
53. Engel GA. Soft-tissue change as a result of maxillary surgery: A preliminary study. Am J Orthod. 1979, 75:29
54．佐藤仁彦．外科的矫正治疗颜面软组织变化预测———有限要素法预测法检讨．日本齿学 1993，67：45
1. Harvold EA. Cleft lip and palate. Am J Orthod. 1954,40: 493
2. Letzer GM, Kronman JH, A posteroanterior cephalometric evaluation of craniofacial asymmetry. Angle Orthod. 1967,37:205
3．近藤悦子．Posteroanterior cephalometric study of craniofacial and arch widths．日矯齿志．1972，31：117
4. Shah SM, Joshi MR. An assessment of asymmetru in the normal craniofacial complex. Angle Orthod.1978,48:141
5. El-Mangoury NH, Shaheen SI, Mostafa YA. Landmark identification in computerized posteroanterior cephalometrics。 Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 1987,91:57
6．王兴，张震康，高克南，等．中国美貌人群的正位X线头影测量研究．口腔医学纵横．1988，4(4)：195
7．谷政澄，池谷正昭，度边正敏，等．正貌X線规格寫真颜面非对称分析．日本口腔外科学会杂志．1989，35(7)：1749
8．于晓慧，黄金芳，林久祥，等．正常(牙合)北京人颅面结构的后前位线头影测量研究．中华口腔医学杂志．1990，25(1)：38
9．青岛 攻．Investigation of the facial symmetry of cases with cross bites needing surgical orthodontic treatment using postero-anterior．日矫齿志．1990，49：256
10．孙红艳，陈华，林珠．正位X线头影测量研究——颅颌横向关系探讨．实用口腔医学杂志．1990，6(4)：284
11. Peck S, Peck L, Kataja M. Skeletal asymmetry in esthetically pleasing faces. Angle Orthod. 1991,61:43
12. Schmid W, Mongini F, Felisio A. A computer-based assessment of structural and displacement asymmetries of the mandible. Am J Orthod. 1991,100(1): 19
13．贾绮林，黄金芳．后前位X线头影测量分析中正中矢状定位线的评价．现代口腔医学杂志．1993，7：84
14．胡静，王大章．董毅．计算机辅助正位头影测量诊断及正颌外科设计．口腔颌面外科杂志．1993，3(3)：132
15．贾绮林，朱宣鹏，吴东．头颅后前位X线头影测量标志点的研究．口腔正畸学杂志．1994，1(3)：120
16．贾绮林，黄金芳．颜面不对称畸形的颅面骨骼结构及其生长发育的研究．中华口腔医学杂志．1994，29(1)：34
17. Chebib FS, Chamma Am. Indices of craniofacial asymmetry. Angle Orthod. 1981,51:214
18．罗松椒．当代实用口腔正畸技术与理论．北京医科大学中国协和医科大学联合出版社．1998，P99
19．北绦健三．颜面对称性研究。 齿科学报．1981，819(2)：1203
20．横尾 聪，寺延 治，井口 新，等．颚颜面非对称症诊断基準关临床的检讨——非对称认知定量化．J Jpn Stomatol Sco．1995，44(3)：509
21．高益鸣，邱蔚六，沈国芳，等．下颌骨不对称畸形颜面软组织特征的初步分析．上海口腔医学．1999，8(3)：141
22．周彦秋，纪昌蓉．颜面不对称畸形的分类矫治．北京口腔医学．1999，7(3)：127
23．陶列，潘晓岗，吴建琳，等．上海地区正常(牙合)成人牙颌面机构研究——Ⅱ牙颌面对称性的后前位X线头影测量分析．上海口腔医学．2000，9(1)：27
1．朱七俊，朱晓伟，Yadin David．远程医学发展策略的探讨．中华医院管理杂志．1999，15(6)：331
2．张永红，白净．远程会诊．世界医疗器械．Vol．4，No．1，Jan 1998
3. Makris L, Kamilatos. Teleworks: A CSCW Application for Remote Medical Diagnosis Support and Teleconsultation. IEEE Information Technology In Biomedicine. Vol 2,NO.2, June 1998
4. Jing Bai, Bingyi Hu. Communication server for telemedicine applications. IEEE Information Technology In Biomedicine. Vol.1, NO.3, Sep 1997
5．巴林风．基于MOTION-JPRG 多媒体实时会诊系统．多媒体世界．1996，10：16
6．毛琦敏，杨友春，刘安滨，等．一种适合中国国情的远程专家会诊系统．医疗卫生装备．1998，1：13
7．梁星原，孙新建，戴波，等．应用Internet 网进行医学影像学异地会诊．医学视听教育．1998，12(2)：97
8．李树钧，纪震，牟轩沁，等．利用Internet和RAS实现远程医疗．中国医疗器械杂志．1999，23(1)：19
9．龚志梅，陈少媚，田燕，等．基于Internet 技术的远程医疗系统．中华医院管理杂志．1999，15(3)：183
10．蔡希尧，陈平．面向对象技术．西安电子科技大学出版社．1995
11．萨师煊，王珊．数据库系统概论．高等教育出版社．1991
12．王国印．Visual C~++技术内幕．清华大学出版社．1994
13．赫葆源，张厚粲，陈舒永．等．实验心理学．北京大学出版社．1983，P10
14．林刚．基于公用交换电话网的远程会诊系统的设计．西安交通大学硕士学位论文(内部资料)．1999，2
15．巨安丽，徐建荣．远程医疗发展方向——会议电视系统．中国医学教育技术．1999，13(3)：152
16．张荣利(编译)．人类第一所数字化医院即将问世．医疗卫生装各．1998，2：44