基于认知无线电的动态频谱管理理论及相关关键技术研究
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摘要
随着无线通信的飞速发展,无线频谱的需求量正在急剧增加。大量测试结果表明,目前的静态频谱分配方式凸现出来频谱效率低下的弊端,使得人们纷纷开始探索新的频谱管理方式,认知无线电(Cognitive Radio,CR)技术的发展促进了动态频谱管理(DynamicSpectrum Management,DSM)思想的产生。基于CR的DSM策略,建立在灵活的动态频谱接入(Dynamic Spectrum Access,DSA)机制基础之上,实现不同无线电系统频谱资源的有效共享和动态规划。DSM技术可以突破无线通信发展中频谱资源受限的瓶颈问题,具有重要的理论和现实意义。
论文采用理论仿真和实际测量相结合的方法,主要围绕新型DSA策略、频谱移动性对CR网络性能的影响、CR网络和授权网络的干扰共存特性、以及频谱测量和深度分析几方面内容进行了研究,开展的主要创新性工作如下:
(1)提出了一种新的DSA策略
该策略建立在频谱池的基础之上,较即时接入方式有较高的接入效率。研究了频谱池的最佳容量和频谱池更新时间,发现了最佳容量和系统效率之间的定量关系,提出了频谱池在授权频段和非授权频段不同的动态更新策略。通过仿真得到了两种频段内的频谱池动态平均更新时间。
(2)提出了频谱移动性分析的新方法
该方法遵循频谱移动、频谱切换、通信中断的逻辑思路,建立了频谱切换的时间关系模型,得出了CR用户频谱切换概率次数公式和通信中断概率公式;研究了不同频谱切换方式对CR业务通信中断造成的影响;与以往研究CR业务通信中断问题不同的是,通过设计合理的切换策略,本文认为只有频谱切换超过一定次数后才会产生通信中断,进而降低了CR业务的通信中断概率。
(3)研究了WRAN和DTV系统共存时的若干问题
首先对无线区域网(Wireless Regional Area Network,WRAN)本身网络结构、系统参数和自共存机制进行了研究,仿真验证了WRAN重叠覆盖区基站(Base Station,BS)之间同步的收敛性能;接着设计了一种分析WRAN BS干扰数字电视(Digital TV,DTV)接收机的共存场景,通过研究发现了一些干扰控制的临界值,这些临界值对于WRAN的设计和部署具有指导性意义。
(4)提出了频谱测量与分析的新方法
针对以前频谱测量工作存在的不足,本文提出了多点同时广域频谱测量方法,测量工作持续了一周的时间,同时考虑了测量地点的选取和频谱授权业务之间的相关性;对测量得到的海量数据进行了数据挖掘和深度分析,提出了使用信道空闲时间(Channel VacancyDuration,CVD)和业务拥塞率(Service Congestion Rate,SCR)进行信道分析的方法,研究了频谱之间的时间、空间、和频率三维立体的相关性,发现了信道状态和历史信息的关联性,为CR用户的信道建模、频谱分析和决策提供了科学的理论依据。
本文研究了CR网络中DSM不同层面的若干问题,力争为提高频谱效率和解决CR网络面临的新挑战提供基础性的研究成果。CR技术与未来泛在无线网络的融合将成为作者下一步研究的重点领域。
The demand for wireless spectrum is dramatically growing with the rapid development of wireless communications. Large number of measurements show that the inefficient spectrum utilization of static spectrum allocation mode at present, which force people to explore some new spectrum management mode. The development of Cognitive Radio (CR) technology promotes the appearance of Dynamic Spectrum Management (DSM) theory. The DSM strategy based on CR is on the foundation of flexible Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) mechanism, and can implement efficient share and dynamic planning of resources among different radio systems. DSM technology can break through the bottleneck of spectrum resource-constrained in the development of wireless communications. It has an important theoretical and pratical significance of DSM researches.
Theoretical simulation and practical measurement are combined in this dissertation. Focusing on the new DSA strategy, the influence of spectrum mobility on CR network performance, the coexistence and interference properties between CR network and licensed network, as well as the spectrum measurement and in-depth analysis, a few aspects have been studied. The main innovative achievements carried out in this dissertation are as follows:
(1) A new DSA strategy is developed
This strategy, based on spectrum pool, has higher access efficiency than instant manners. The optimal capacity and update time of spectrum pool are all studied. It is found that there is quantitative mathematical relationship between optimal capacity and system efficiency. Different update strategies of spectrum pool in licensed and unlicensed frequency bands are also proposed. Through simulation the dynamic average update interval in licensed and unlicensed frequency bands are obtained.
(2) A novel method to analyze spectrum mobility is proposed
This approach follows the logic thinking of mobile spectrum, spectrum handoff and communication interruption, a time relationship model of spectrum handoff is established. Equations of Spectrum Handoff Probability (SHP) in times and Communication Outage Probability (COP) are deduced. Influences of different spectrum handoff manners on COP of CR services are studied. Distinguishing from the former researches about CR service communication interruption, only spectrum handoff times exceed a certain number, communication interruption will occur. This strategy can reduce the COP of CR services.
(3) Some coexistence issues between WRAN and DTV system are studied
Firstly, the network architecture, system parameters, and self-coexistence of Wireless Regional Area Network (WRAN) are investigated, and convergent performances among overlapping Base Station (BS) are simulated and validated. Then, a simple coexistent scenario between WRAN and Digital TV (DTV) is designed to analyze the interference from WRAN BS to DTV receiver. Through simulation and computation, some critical values to contral interferences are obtained. These values have directive significance to the design and deployment of WRAN.
(4) New methods to measure and analyze spectrum aredeveloped
According to the shortages of previous spectrum measurements, new methods to measure spectrum occupancy in wide-band and multi-point synchronously is proposed in this dissertation, and the tests last a whole week; the relativities of licensed services are considered when test points are selected. More importantly, data mining and in-depth analysis are carried out with the huge amounts of test data, and a channel analysis method using Channel Vacancy Duration (CVD) and Service Congestion Rate (SCR) are proposed. The spectrum relativities of 3-dimension in time, space and frequency are researched also. The correlativity between channel state and history information is discoved, and which will provide the scientific basis to channel modeling, spectrum analysis and decision of CR users.
Some issues at different levels of DSM in CR network are researched in this dissertation, and the purpose is to provide the basical research results for improving spectrum efficiency and resolution of new challenges CR network faced. The mergence of CR technology and ubiquitous wireless networks in future the future will be the next study focus of author.
论文采用理论仿真和实际测量相结合的方法,主要围绕新型DSA策略、频谱移动性对CR网络性能的影响、CR网络和授权网络的干扰共存特性、以及频谱测量和深度分析几方面内容进行了研究,开展的主要创新性工作如下:
(1)提出了一种新的DSA策略
该策略建立在频谱池的基础之上,较即时接入方式有较高的接入效率。研究了频谱池的最佳容量和频谱池更新时间,发现了最佳容量和系统效率之间的定量关系,提出了频谱池在授权频段和非授权频段不同的动态更新策略。通过仿真得到了两种频段内的频谱池动态平均更新时间。
(2)提出了频谱移动性分析的新方法
该方法遵循频谱移动、频谱切换、通信中断的逻辑思路,建立了频谱切换的时间关系模型,得出了CR用户频谱切换概率次数公式和通信中断概率公式;研究了不同频谱切换方式对CR业务通信中断造成的影响;与以往研究CR业务通信中断问题不同的是,通过设计合理的切换策略,本文认为只有频谱切换超过一定次数后才会产生通信中断,进而降低了CR业务的通信中断概率。
(3)研究了WRAN和DTV系统共存时的若干问题
首先对无线区域网(Wireless Regional Area Network,WRAN)本身网络结构、系统参数和自共存机制进行了研究,仿真验证了WRAN重叠覆盖区基站(Base Station,BS)之间同步的收敛性能;接着设计了一种分析WRAN BS干扰数字电视(Digital TV,DTV)接收机的共存场景,通过研究发现了一些干扰控制的临界值,这些临界值对于WRAN的设计和部署具有指导性意义。
(4)提出了频谱测量与分析的新方法
针对以前频谱测量工作存在的不足,本文提出了多点同时广域频谱测量方法,测量工作持续了一周的时间,同时考虑了测量地点的选取和频谱授权业务之间的相关性;对测量得到的海量数据进行了数据挖掘和深度分析,提出了使用信道空闲时间(Channel VacancyDuration,CVD)和业务拥塞率(Service Congestion Rate,SCR)进行信道分析的方法,研究了频谱之间的时间、空间、和频率三维立体的相关性,发现了信道状态和历史信息的关联性,为CR用户的信道建模、频谱分析和决策提供了科学的理论依据。
本文研究了CR网络中DSM不同层面的若干问题,力争为提高频谱效率和解决CR网络面临的新挑战提供基础性的研究成果。CR技术与未来泛在无线网络的融合将成为作者下一步研究的重点领域。
The demand for wireless spectrum is dramatically growing with the rapid development of wireless communications. Large number of measurements show that the inefficient spectrum utilization of static spectrum allocation mode at present, which force people to explore some new spectrum management mode. The development of Cognitive Radio (CR) technology promotes the appearance of Dynamic Spectrum Management (DSM) theory. The DSM strategy based on CR is on the foundation of flexible Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) mechanism, and can implement efficient share and dynamic planning of resources among different radio systems. DSM technology can break through the bottleneck of spectrum resource-constrained in the development of wireless communications. It has an important theoretical and pratical significance of DSM researches.
Theoretical simulation and practical measurement are combined in this dissertation. Focusing on the new DSA strategy, the influence of spectrum mobility on CR network performance, the coexistence and interference properties between CR network and licensed network, as well as the spectrum measurement and in-depth analysis, a few aspects have been studied. The main innovative achievements carried out in this dissertation are as follows:
(1) A new DSA strategy is developed
This strategy, based on spectrum pool, has higher access efficiency than instant manners. The optimal capacity and update time of spectrum pool are all studied. It is found that there is quantitative mathematical relationship between optimal capacity and system efficiency. Different update strategies of spectrum pool in licensed and unlicensed frequency bands are also proposed. Through simulation the dynamic average update interval in licensed and unlicensed frequency bands are obtained.
(2) A novel method to analyze spectrum mobility is proposed
This approach follows the logic thinking of mobile spectrum, spectrum handoff and communication interruption, a time relationship model of spectrum handoff is established. Equations of Spectrum Handoff Probability (SHP) in times and Communication Outage Probability (COP) are deduced. Influences of different spectrum handoff manners on COP of CR services are studied. Distinguishing from the former researches about CR service communication interruption, only spectrum handoff times exceed a certain number, communication interruption will occur. This strategy can reduce the COP of CR services.
(3) Some coexistence issues between WRAN and DTV system are studied
Firstly, the network architecture, system parameters, and self-coexistence of Wireless Regional Area Network (WRAN) are investigated, and convergent performances among overlapping Base Station (BS) are simulated and validated. Then, a simple coexistent scenario between WRAN and Digital TV (DTV) is designed to analyze the interference from WRAN BS to DTV receiver. Through simulation and computation, some critical values to contral interferences are obtained. These values have directive significance to the design and deployment of WRAN.
(4) New methods to measure and analyze spectrum aredeveloped
According to the shortages of previous spectrum measurements, new methods to measure spectrum occupancy in wide-band and multi-point synchronously is proposed in this dissertation, and the tests last a whole week; the relativities of licensed services are considered when test points are selected. More importantly, data mining and in-depth analysis are carried out with the huge amounts of test data, and a channel analysis method using Channel Vacancy Duration (CVD) and Service Congestion Rate (SCR) are proposed. The spectrum relativities of 3-dimension in time, space and frequency are researched also. The correlativity between channel state and history information is discoved, and which will provide the scientific basis to channel modeling, spectrum analysis and decision of CR users.
Some issues at different levels of DSM in CR network are researched in this dissertation, and the purpose is to provide the basical research results for improving spectrum efficiency and resolution of new challenges CR network faced. The mergence of CR technology and ubiquitous wireless networks in future the future will be the next study focus of author.
引文
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