集成视角下的政府信息资源管理
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摘要
信息技术的飞速发展迅猛的改变着我们这个世界,政府信息化进程也随着这个变革而不断加速,十几年的时间内,信息化进程已经从简单的办公自动化变成了面向整个政府信息资源的全面信息化,信息化水平已经成为衡量一个国家和地区现代化程度与综合国力的重要标志。然而,我们也看到,即使在政府信息化程度较高的美国、日本、欧盟等发达地区,在逐渐深入和发展的政府信息资源开发和利用的要求下,政府信息资源资源管理、开发和利用也未能尽如人意。特别是把政府信息资源管理放到“复杂社会系统”或者是“政府信息资源一体化”环境中的时候,我们的研究和实践尚有不足。
纵观整个政府信息资源管理的研究与发展,我们发现其中始终贯穿着一条红线,这就是集成的思想。不管是政府信息资源管理政策研究,还是信息资源管理技术实践,抑或是政府信息资源管理的方法探索,其目的都是力图从某个角度将相关的政府信息资源要素集成在一起,使得效用最大化,而研究实质也就是揭示不同政府信息资源要素本身即要素之间的相互关系与作用模式。因此,当我们面临当前政府信息资源管理的某些困境的时候,不妨站在集成的角度重新整理一下各要素之间的关系,也许某些新的政府信息资源管理模式与方法就能够应运而生,这也是本文研究的初衷所在。
本文从分析政府信息资源管理的要素结构出发,结合集成论与集成管理的思想,通过构建政府信息资源的集成模型,对政府信息战略、政府信息组织、政府信息管理以及政府信息技术的集成关系进行了分析。在此基础上,本文又分别对这四者进行了更深入的探讨,分别构建了相关的集成模型并分析各要素集成的驱动模式与方法。在最后,本文以湖北省宏观政策咨询与决策支持系统为例进行了实证分析。
第一部分是引言,在分析了政府信息资源建设与管理的现状的基础上提出了本文的研究课题,并对于研究课题的理论背景、实践背景进行了论述。同时,针对本文的研究方法、研究思路进行了整体性说明。
第二部分是研究综述,分为文献综述和实践综述两部分。文献综述部分对国内外相关专题的研究状况进行了文献计量分析,并就集成论、政府信息资源集成、政府信息资源的集成管理等研究专题分别阐述了相关研究成果。在实践综述部分,选择性地对有代表性国家(如美国、加拿大等)的政府信息资源管理领域的实践进展进行了总结分析,同时对我国政府信息资源建设问题进行了简单论述。并在此基础之上,归纳总结了这些政府信息资源管理先进国家在信息资源建设与管理领域的共性措施与成功经验,以供我国借鉴。
第三部分是政府信息资源管理的集成观。本章首先在对集成与集成管理、信息资源、政府信息资源、政府信息资源管理的概念进行了简单阐述,并指出了集成在政府信息资源管理中是必不可少的。在此基础上,本章构建了一个结合信息技术从信息战略到信息组织再到信息的信息资源管理的集成模型。
第四部分为集成视角下的政府信息战略规划。本章从政府信息战略及其规划入手,分析了影响政府信息战略的因素,并从集成的角度将这些因素与信息战略的关系划分为纵向集成、横向集成与内容集成,并构建了模型。通过对现今政府信息战略规划的实践与理论逻辑的分析,将问题聚焦于横向集成,即政府信息战略与政府战略的集成上。在此基础上,本章引入了SAM模型,构建了基于战略对应的政府信息战略集成与匹配模型,并对其驱动模式进行了探讨。
第五部分为集成视角下的政府信息组织构建。本章以政府信息组织的界定为基础,分析了政府信息组织的内外部要素及其相互之间的集成关系,并由此构建了综合信息战略、信息技术、业务、职能和对象的政府信息组织集成模型。基于该模型,本章提出了五种基于集成的政府信息组织构建的模式,并以美国CIO制度为例进行了实证分析。
第六部分为集成视角下的政府信息管理。本章从政府信息的概念入手,从形式、效用、内容三个方向探讨了政府信息管理的趋势,并以此为出发点结合信息政府信息组织以及信息技术两个因素,构建并讨论了政府信息管理的模型。最后,本章讨论了集成化的政府信息的管理模式的实施原则和方法。
第七部分为集成视角下的政府信息技术应用。本章从分析信息技术的基本概念和信息技术的集成观入手,构建了一个由集成行为、组织方式和集成范围所构成的政府信息应用系统的集成基本框架,并根据这三个方面探讨了政府信息技术应用的集成模式和集成策略,最后以基于GRP的政府信息技术集成的为例进行了实证讨论。
第八部分为集成视角下的政府信息资源管理优化实例。本章以湖北省宏观政策咨询与决策支持系统为例,探讨了该系统与政府信息化战略、信息组织模式以及内部各信息技术模块之间的集成关系,对前几章的理论进行了实证分析。
第九章为结束语。本章总结了课题研究的结论,并对进一步研究提出了展望。
本文的创新之处在于,将集成观引入到对政府信息资源管理的研究中来,初步建立了一套从集成的角度审视政府信息资源管理的方法与理论体系。这一体系涉及政府信息战略、信息组织、信息、信息技术以及信息系统等多个层次,涵盖了政府信息资源管理的内涵、目标、内容、模式和策略等多个方面,这种从某一特定角度系统、全面研究政府信息资源管理问题的理论与方法尚不多见。同时,本文提出了从宏观到微观的政府信息资源管理的集成框架及集成驱动模式,不仅消化吸收了信息管理、公共管理、集成管理等众多学科的已有研究成果,而且结合发达国家在政府信息资源管理领域中实践进展,充分比对、调查和分析了政府信息资源管理建设中出现的集成问题和集成现状,对政府信息资源管理的深层发展与实践有一定程度的指导意义。
The rapid development of information technology is changing our world rapidly, the process of government informatization is also accelerating with this change, in the past over ten years, informatization process has changed from simple office automation to a all government information resources oriented overall informatization, the level of informatization has become an important indicator to measure a country or region's degree of modernization and overall national strength. However, we can see that even in the United States, Japan, the European Union and other developed regions with a higher degree of government informatization, the status of government information resources management and development do not come up to expectations. Especially, put the "government information resources" in to a "complex social system" or "government information resources integration" environment, our research and practices are not enough yet.
Taking an overall view of government information resource management research and development, we find that one red line run though the whole research and development, which is integration idea. No matter the research of government information resources management policy, or technical practices of government information resources management, or management methods discuss of it, the final goal is to integrate relative government information resource elements together from some kind of point of view, makes the maximization of utility, and substance of research is to reveal the interrelationship and interaction model of different elements of government information resources. So, when we are faced with some difficulties in current government information resources management, we might as well rearrange relationship between each element from integration standpoint, maybe some new methods or new models of government information resources management would come into being, which is also the original intention this paper lies.
This article is started with analyzing the element structure of government information resource management, with combination of integration theory and idea of integrated management, the integrated relationship of government information strategy, government information organization, government information management and government information technology is discussed by constructing government information resource integration model. On this basis, some more in-depth studies on above four aspects are conducted in this paper respectively, respective corresponding integrated models are established after those studies, and then the driving modes of each element's integration are discussed. At last, "Hubei Province macro-policy consultation and decision support system" is taken for example to give an empirical analysis
Part one is the preface. In the preface, the current situation of government information resources construction and management are analyzed firstly, on this basis, the research subject of this paper is introduced, and then the theoretical background and practical background of this subject is dissertated. After that, a comprehensive description of research methods and research idea of this paper are illustrated at the end of this part.
Part two is research review, including literature review and practice review. In literature review, research status quo of related topics at home and abroad are being quantitatively analyzed. Based on a lot of literatures, research achievements of three main topics:integration theory, government information resources integration, government information resources integrated management are set forth. In practice review, government information resources management practices and development in some typical countries (such as United States, Canada and so on) are selectively summarized, in order to provide beneficial reference for our country's practices; at the same time, problems of our country's government information resources management are proposed.
Part three is integrated perspective of government information management. At first, the concepts of integration, integrated management, information resources, government information resources, government are described and explained briefly, and the idea that integration is necessary for government information resources management is proposed. On this basis, an information resources management integrated model integrated information technology, from information strategy to information organization then to information are constructed.
Part four is government information strategic planning from the perspective of integration. This part started with the concept illustration of government information strategy and its planning, analyzed factors affect government information strategies, then classified the relationship between these factors and information strategies to vertical integration, horizontal integration and internal integration and constructed model. Through the analysis of current practices and theoretical logic of government information strategy planning, paper focused on horizontal integration, which means the integration of information strategy and government strategies. Based on above studies, SAM model is introduced to this part, constructed government information strategy integration model, at last, driving mode are discussed.
Part five is government information organization construction from the perspective of integration. On the base of information organization definition, internal and external elements of information organization and integrated relationship between these elements are analyzed, and thus an overall framework of government information organization which integrates information strategy, information technology, business, function, object is constructed. Based on this framework, five government information organization integration patterns are proposed, at last, an example of United States federal government CIO system is used for empirical analysis.
Part six is government information management from the perspective of integration. This part is started with concept of government information, and then the trends of government information management are discussed from three different dimensions:form, utility, content, based on this, government information organization and information technology are integrated, and a government information management model and driving modes are discussed next. At the end of this part, principles and methods of government information integration are given.
Part seven is government information technology application from the perspective of integration. In this part, concept of information technology and its integrated perspective are analyzed at first, then an government information application system integration framework consist of integration behavior, organization pattern and integration scope, according to those above three aspects, integration patterns and integration strategies of government information technology are discussed, at last, an example of government IT integration based on GRP is used for empirical analysis.
Part eight is living example of government information resources management optimization from the perspective of integration. In this part, "Hubei Province macro-policy consultation and decision support system" is used as living example for empirical analysis on theoretic discussion before by exploring the integrated relationship between then system and Hubei Province Government Informatization Strategy, information organization and information technical modules.
Part nine is the ending. In this part, conclusions are summarized, further researches are also proposed.
This paper introduced integration concept into government information resources management, initially set up a set of government information resources management methods and theoretical system. This system involved different hierarchies of government information strategy, information organization, information, information technology and information system, including the connotation, goal, content, patterns and strategies and so on, this kind of theory or research method which systematically, deeply, comprehensively study on government information resources from a specific perspective is rare. At the same time, the paper proposed a integrated framework and integration driving modes of government information resources management from macrocosm to microcosm, not only absorbed previous research results of many subject such as information management, public management, integrated management, but also combined with developed countries'government information resources practices, fully compared, investigated and analyzed the integration problems and integration of the status quo arising in the government information resource management construction, has some kind of guiding significance on deeper development and practices of government information resource management.
纵观整个政府信息资源管理的研究与发展,我们发现其中始终贯穿着一条红线,这就是集成的思想。不管是政府信息资源管理政策研究,还是信息资源管理技术实践,抑或是政府信息资源管理的方法探索,其目的都是力图从某个角度将相关的政府信息资源要素集成在一起,使得效用最大化,而研究实质也就是揭示不同政府信息资源要素本身即要素之间的相互关系与作用模式。因此,当我们面临当前政府信息资源管理的某些困境的时候,不妨站在集成的角度重新整理一下各要素之间的关系,也许某些新的政府信息资源管理模式与方法就能够应运而生,这也是本文研究的初衷所在。
本文从分析政府信息资源管理的要素结构出发,结合集成论与集成管理的思想,通过构建政府信息资源的集成模型,对政府信息战略、政府信息组织、政府信息管理以及政府信息技术的集成关系进行了分析。在此基础上,本文又分别对这四者进行了更深入的探讨,分别构建了相关的集成模型并分析各要素集成的驱动模式与方法。在最后,本文以湖北省宏观政策咨询与决策支持系统为例进行了实证分析。
第一部分是引言,在分析了政府信息资源建设与管理的现状的基础上提出了本文的研究课题,并对于研究课题的理论背景、实践背景进行了论述。同时,针对本文的研究方法、研究思路进行了整体性说明。
第二部分是研究综述,分为文献综述和实践综述两部分。文献综述部分对国内外相关专题的研究状况进行了文献计量分析,并就集成论、政府信息资源集成、政府信息资源的集成管理等研究专题分别阐述了相关研究成果。在实践综述部分,选择性地对有代表性国家(如美国、加拿大等)的政府信息资源管理领域的实践进展进行了总结分析,同时对我国政府信息资源建设问题进行了简单论述。并在此基础之上,归纳总结了这些政府信息资源管理先进国家在信息资源建设与管理领域的共性措施与成功经验,以供我国借鉴。
第三部分是政府信息资源管理的集成观。本章首先在对集成与集成管理、信息资源、政府信息资源、政府信息资源管理的概念进行了简单阐述,并指出了集成在政府信息资源管理中是必不可少的。在此基础上,本章构建了一个结合信息技术从信息战略到信息组织再到信息的信息资源管理的集成模型。
第四部分为集成视角下的政府信息战略规划。本章从政府信息战略及其规划入手,分析了影响政府信息战略的因素,并从集成的角度将这些因素与信息战略的关系划分为纵向集成、横向集成与内容集成,并构建了模型。通过对现今政府信息战略规划的实践与理论逻辑的分析,将问题聚焦于横向集成,即政府信息战略与政府战略的集成上。在此基础上,本章引入了SAM模型,构建了基于战略对应的政府信息战略集成与匹配模型,并对其驱动模式进行了探讨。
第五部分为集成视角下的政府信息组织构建。本章以政府信息组织的界定为基础,分析了政府信息组织的内外部要素及其相互之间的集成关系,并由此构建了综合信息战略、信息技术、业务、职能和对象的政府信息组织集成模型。基于该模型,本章提出了五种基于集成的政府信息组织构建的模式,并以美国CIO制度为例进行了实证分析。
第六部分为集成视角下的政府信息管理。本章从政府信息的概念入手,从形式、效用、内容三个方向探讨了政府信息管理的趋势,并以此为出发点结合信息政府信息组织以及信息技术两个因素,构建并讨论了政府信息管理的模型。最后,本章讨论了集成化的政府信息的管理模式的实施原则和方法。
第七部分为集成视角下的政府信息技术应用。本章从分析信息技术的基本概念和信息技术的集成观入手,构建了一个由集成行为、组织方式和集成范围所构成的政府信息应用系统的集成基本框架,并根据这三个方面探讨了政府信息技术应用的集成模式和集成策略,最后以基于GRP的政府信息技术集成的为例进行了实证讨论。
第八部分为集成视角下的政府信息资源管理优化实例。本章以湖北省宏观政策咨询与决策支持系统为例,探讨了该系统与政府信息化战略、信息组织模式以及内部各信息技术模块之间的集成关系,对前几章的理论进行了实证分析。
第九章为结束语。本章总结了课题研究的结论,并对进一步研究提出了展望。
本文的创新之处在于,将集成观引入到对政府信息资源管理的研究中来,初步建立了一套从集成的角度审视政府信息资源管理的方法与理论体系。这一体系涉及政府信息战略、信息组织、信息、信息技术以及信息系统等多个层次,涵盖了政府信息资源管理的内涵、目标、内容、模式和策略等多个方面,这种从某一特定角度系统、全面研究政府信息资源管理问题的理论与方法尚不多见。同时,本文提出了从宏观到微观的政府信息资源管理的集成框架及集成驱动模式,不仅消化吸收了信息管理、公共管理、集成管理等众多学科的已有研究成果,而且结合发达国家在政府信息资源管理领域中实践进展,充分比对、调查和分析了政府信息资源管理建设中出现的集成问题和集成现状,对政府信息资源管理的深层发展与实践有一定程度的指导意义。
The rapid development of information technology is changing our world rapidly, the process of government informatization is also accelerating with this change, in the past over ten years, informatization process has changed from simple office automation to a all government information resources oriented overall informatization, the level of informatization has become an important indicator to measure a country or region's degree of modernization and overall national strength. However, we can see that even in the United States, Japan, the European Union and other developed regions with a higher degree of government informatization, the status of government information resources management and development do not come up to expectations. Especially, put the "government information resources" in to a "complex social system" or "government information resources integration" environment, our research and practices are not enough yet.
Taking an overall view of government information resource management research and development, we find that one red line run though the whole research and development, which is integration idea. No matter the research of government information resources management policy, or technical practices of government information resources management, or management methods discuss of it, the final goal is to integrate relative government information resource elements together from some kind of point of view, makes the maximization of utility, and substance of research is to reveal the interrelationship and interaction model of different elements of government information resources. So, when we are faced with some difficulties in current government information resources management, we might as well rearrange relationship between each element from integration standpoint, maybe some new methods or new models of government information resources management would come into being, which is also the original intention this paper lies.
This article is started with analyzing the element structure of government information resource management, with combination of integration theory and idea of integrated management, the integrated relationship of government information strategy, government information organization, government information management and government information technology is discussed by constructing government information resource integration model. On this basis, some more in-depth studies on above four aspects are conducted in this paper respectively, respective corresponding integrated models are established after those studies, and then the driving modes of each element's integration are discussed. At last, "Hubei Province macro-policy consultation and decision support system" is taken for example to give an empirical analysis
Part one is the preface. In the preface, the current situation of government information resources construction and management are analyzed firstly, on this basis, the research subject of this paper is introduced, and then the theoretical background and practical background of this subject is dissertated. After that, a comprehensive description of research methods and research idea of this paper are illustrated at the end of this part.
Part two is research review, including literature review and practice review. In literature review, research status quo of related topics at home and abroad are being quantitatively analyzed. Based on a lot of literatures, research achievements of three main topics:integration theory, government information resources integration, government information resources integrated management are set forth. In practice review, government information resources management practices and development in some typical countries (such as United States, Canada and so on) are selectively summarized, in order to provide beneficial reference for our country's practices; at the same time, problems of our country's government information resources management are proposed.
Part three is integrated perspective of government information management. At first, the concepts of integration, integrated management, information resources, government information resources, government are described and explained briefly, and the idea that integration is necessary for government information resources management is proposed. On this basis, an information resources management integrated model integrated information technology, from information strategy to information organization then to information are constructed.
Part four is government information strategic planning from the perspective of integration. This part started with the concept illustration of government information strategy and its planning, analyzed factors affect government information strategies, then classified the relationship between these factors and information strategies to vertical integration, horizontal integration and internal integration and constructed model. Through the analysis of current practices and theoretical logic of government information strategy planning, paper focused on horizontal integration, which means the integration of information strategy and government strategies. Based on above studies, SAM model is introduced to this part, constructed government information strategy integration model, at last, driving mode are discussed.
Part five is government information organization construction from the perspective of integration. On the base of information organization definition, internal and external elements of information organization and integrated relationship between these elements are analyzed, and thus an overall framework of government information organization which integrates information strategy, information technology, business, function, object is constructed. Based on this framework, five government information organization integration patterns are proposed, at last, an example of United States federal government CIO system is used for empirical analysis.
Part six is government information management from the perspective of integration. This part is started with concept of government information, and then the trends of government information management are discussed from three different dimensions:form, utility, content, based on this, government information organization and information technology are integrated, and a government information management model and driving modes are discussed next. At the end of this part, principles and methods of government information integration are given.
Part seven is government information technology application from the perspective of integration. In this part, concept of information technology and its integrated perspective are analyzed at first, then an government information application system integration framework consist of integration behavior, organization pattern and integration scope, according to those above three aspects, integration patterns and integration strategies of government information technology are discussed, at last, an example of government IT integration based on GRP is used for empirical analysis.
Part eight is living example of government information resources management optimization from the perspective of integration. In this part, "Hubei Province macro-policy consultation and decision support system" is used as living example for empirical analysis on theoretic discussion before by exploring the integrated relationship between then system and Hubei Province Government Informatization Strategy, information organization and information technical modules.
Part nine is the ending. In this part, conclusions are summarized, further researches are also proposed.
This paper introduced integration concept into government information resources management, initially set up a set of government information resources management methods and theoretical system. This system involved different hierarchies of government information strategy, information organization, information, information technology and information system, including the connotation, goal, content, patterns and strategies and so on, this kind of theory or research method which systematically, deeply, comprehensively study on government information resources from a specific perspective is rare. At the same time, the paper proposed a integrated framework and integration driving modes of government information resources management from macrocosm to microcosm, not only absorbed previous research results of many subject such as information management, public management, integrated management, but also combined with developed countries'government information resources practices, fully compared, investigated and analyzed the integration problems and integration of the status quo arising in the government information resource management construction, has some kind of guiding significance on deeper development and practices of government information resource management.
引文
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