基于后发优势理论的关中东北旅游区跨越式发展研究
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摘要
后发优势理论指出,经济上落后的国家或地区在处于经济绝对劣势地位的同时,又会获得一种经济发展的后发优势。只要后发国家或地区能够有效地运用这种后发优势,它就能够成功实现对发达国家或地区的经济赶超。虽然后发优势理论形式上是一个基于国家或区域层次的宏观经济发展理论,但是其内容作为一项基本原理,对后发旅游区的发展具有同样的指导意义。
关中东北旅游区作为典型的后发旅游区,旅游业起步晚、旅游区建设滞后、旅游发展为西安旅游区辐射所不及。当前,如何利用本区后发优势,实现旅业跨越式发展,缩小其与先发旅游区的差距已成为摆在关中东北旅游业发展面前的紧迫任务,而要实现关中东北旅游区对先发旅游区的赶超,重点是要解决旅游发展模式问题。这个问题如果解决不好,可能会重走旅游先发区的弯路。本文作者认为,关中东北旅游区应走“发挥后发优势,实现跨越式发展”的战略模式。
本文首先从介绍后发优势的基本理论入手,在对后发优势的基本内涵、基本特征及其与旅游区发展的关系进行梳理的基础上,进一步探讨了该理论在指导后发旅游区发展中的适用性,以明确其对关中东北旅游发展的指导作用。
其次,本文在对关中东北旅游区的范围进行重新界定的基础上,对关中东北旅游区的社会发展现状、旅游业发展现状进行了实证分析,并基于后发优势理论的指导,对关中东北当前旅游发展中的后发优势和后发劣势做了深入分析,认为关中东北利用后发优势实现旅游赶超不仅具有非常大的必要性,而且还具有一定的现实可行性。目前,关中东北旅游区的后发优势可以从四个方面进行分析,即资源优势、区位优势、地域文化优势、发展机遇优势。但是,关中东北也存在资源开发、资本开发、设施建设、市场开发等后发劣势。本文在对关中东北旅游区后发优势、后发劣势的比较分析的基础上,综合考虑关中东北当前的旅游发展现实状况,提出了该区旅游业发展在景观资源开发、旅游市场拓展、环境支持、旅游产业成长等四个方面存在较大的后发潜力。因此,关中东北旅游业的发展,只有通过充分发挥后发优势,尽量避免后发劣势,大力挖掘后发潜力,才能最终实现所谓的跨越式发展。
再次,本文在对整个关中地区旅游发展格局进行重新思考定位的同时,以点—轴理论为基础,对关中东北旅游区的空间发展格局进行了构建,提出了关中东北旅游区的后发对策:即从点(旅游中心城镇体系建设)、线(旅游区轴线网络建设)、面(亚旅游区空间建设)三个层面构建了关中东北旅游区的空间发展格局;并从景区(点)空间布局整合、旅游环线设计、旅游服务设施空间布局整合三个方面对关中东北旅游区的空间发展结构进行了优化研究。
本文在对后发优势理论的内涵进行深入剖析的基础上,考虑到当前关中东北社会经济基础薄弱,旅游自主创新能力不足,提出了经验移植是关中东北旅游实现区域旅游突破性发展的保证。本文从景观培育方式、形象构建策略、市场拓展策略、景区管理模式四个方面进行经验移植分析,并以壶口瀑布为例进行了景区经验移植的实证研究。以期能够在客观上为关中东北旅游区的跨越式发展提供借鉴基础,使得关中东北在旅游业发展中突破重围,避免探索性失败,早日步入旅游业良性发展的高层轨道。
最后,本文从关中东北旅游区实现跨越式发展应具备的基础条件、发展的战略选择、发展过程中的动力因素和支持保障四个方面论证了其跨越式发展实现的可能,并构造了关中东北旅游区跨越式发展的“飞船模型”,对其发展过程进行了初探。
本文基于后发优势理论,从旅游业现状分析、旅游区后发优势、旅游区后发劣势、旅游区后发潜力、旅游区后发对策、旅游区经验移植、旅游区跨越式发展实现七个方面构建了关中东北“发挥后发优势,实现跨越式发展”的结构框架,为关中东北旅游区跨越式发展的实现提供了理论支持,有利于该区从自身现实出发寻找一条旅游发展的捷径,以期丰富后发旅游区,乃至区域旅游发展理论,并对中国渐热的后发旅游区发展实践提供些许指导作用。
The main idea of "advantage of backwardness" theory is that the absolute inferior economic position of backward countries or regions are associated with the advantage of backwardness in its keeping up with and surpassing the developed ones. At the same time, it also points out that the backward countries or regions can make a successful transcendence of the developed ones if its advantage of backwardness can be used properly. As a basic principle, the theory has been proved reasonable by lots of realities that some ever backward countries or regions have made success transcendences, and presently it is offering guidance to backward tourist areas to accelerate their surpassing course.
At present, how to make use of the advantage in this area, to achieve great-leap-forward development of the tourism, to reduce the gap with the developed tourist areas, has become to the urgent task of development of the tourism in northeast of Guan Zhong, and to achieve the northeast of Guan Zhong catch-up on developed ones in tourist areas, the focus is to address the issue of tourism development model. If you are not well dealt with this issue, you may re-take the detour of the developed tourist areas. The author believes that the Northeast of Guan Zhong tourist area must to go "play the advantage and achieve development by leaps and bounds" of the strategic model.
This article first introduced the advantage of backwardness with basic, on the basis of summary the basic content, the basic characteristics and the relationship with the tourist areas development of the theory.
Secondly, on the basis of re-defined the range in the northeast of Guan Zhong tourist area, this paper analyzes the social development status, the status quo of tourism development of the tourist areas, at the same time, based on the theory of Backwardness advantage, and depth analysis of the current tourism development in the advantage and disadvantage of Backwardness. The author believes that the use of the advantage of backwardness catching up and surpassing the developed tourist areas not only has the need for very large, but also has the feasibility in northeast of Guan Zhong. We can analysis the advantage of backwardness of northeast of Guan Zhong tourist area from four aspects: the resource advantages, location advantages, geographical and cultural advantages and opportunities of the advantages; However, this tourist area also has some disadvantage of backwardness in resource development, capital development, infrastructure, market development. After the comparative analysis of disadvantages and advantages, and to consider the reality of the proposed development of the tourism in the area, The author points out that there also existence four backwardness potential, that is landscape resources development, tourism marketing, environmental support , the growth of the tourism. Therefore, only by giving full play to the backwardness advantage, as far as possible to avoid a backwardness disadvantage , Vigorously tap their own backwardness potential, can the so-called leap-forward development eventual be realized in northeast of Guan Zhong of the tourism development.
Third, this article re-thinking and positioning the entire clearance pattern of tourism development in the region, and based on point-axis theory, Constructed a new space development pattern in the tourist area of northeast of Guan Zhong. Put forward the development of this tourist areas' backwardness Countermeasures: that is, from the point (tourist center of town system), line (axis of tourist area network), surface (sub-space for the construction of tourist areas) three levels to build pattern of spatial development of the northeast of Guan Zhong tourist area; and to optimized the structure of space of its tourism development from three aspects: the scenic spots (points) integration of spatial distribution, link design of regional tourism, tourism services and facilities to integrate.
Based on in-depth analysis of the theoretical contents of backwardness advantage, taking into account the current socio-economic foundation of the northeast of Guan Zhong is weak, less than the capability of independent innovation of tourism, point out that experience in transplantation is the guarantee to achieve breakthroughs in the development of the northeast of Guan Zhong tourism.
In this paper from the way to cultivate the landscape, the image of building strategies, marketing development strategies, management models scenic four aspects analysis the experience in transplantation of the northeast of Guan Zhong tourist area, and take the Hu Kou Waterfall Scenic Spot as an example of to research how to carry out the experience transplantation. Hope to be able to objectively tourist areas for development by leaps and bounds for reference, making this tourist area in the development of tourism can avoid exploration of the failure, and come into the sound development of tourism with a high-level track as soon as possible.
Finally, this paper from the tourist areas related development by leaps and bounds should have the basic conditions, proper strategic choice, the driving force and support in the development process four aspects demonstrated that the leaping development of the tourist areas may be achieved. The paper constructed the "spacecraft model" of leaping development in the northeast of Guan Zhong tourist area, and explored the process of its development.
Based on the backwardness advantage theory, this paper from Seven aspects to build the structure of the framework: "to play the advantage of backwardness " that is analysis of basic conditions, tourism backwardness advantages, tourism backwardness disadvantages, tourism backwardness potential tourism backwardness Countermeasures, the experience of transplantation in tourism and achieve leaping development.that provide a theoretical support to achieve development by leaps and bounds of the northeast of Guan Zhong tourist area, and is conducive to the area from their own reality to find a shortcut to the development of tourism with a view to enriching backwardness tourist areas, as well as regional tourism development theory, and to provide some guidance to the backwardness tourist areas of china in practice.
关中东北旅游区作为典型的后发旅游区,旅游业起步晚、旅游区建设滞后、旅游发展为西安旅游区辐射所不及。当前,如何利用本区后发优势,实现旅业跨越式发展,缩小其与先发旅游区的差距已成为摆在关中东北旅游业发展面前的紧迫任务,而要实现关中东北旅游区对先发旅游区的赶超,重点是要解决旅游发展模式问题。这个问题如果解决不好,可能会重走旅游先发区的弯路。本文作者认为,关中东北旅游区应走“发挥后发优势,实现跨越式发展”的战略模式。
本文首先从介绍后发优势的基本理论入手,在对后发优势的基本内涵、基本特征及其与旅游区发展的关系进行梳理的基础上,进一步探讨了该理论在指导后发旅游区发展中的适用性,以明确其对关中东北旅游发展的指导作用。
其次,本文在对关中东北旅游区的范围进行重新界定的基础上,对关中东北旅游区的社会发展现状、旅游业发展现状进行了实证分析,并基于后发优势理论的指导,对关中东北当前旅游发展中的后发优势和后发劣势做了深入分析,认为关中东北利用后发优势实现旅游赶超不仅具有非常大的必要性,而且还具有一定的现实可行性。目前,关中东北旅游区的后发优势可以从四个方面进行分析,即资源优势、区位优势、地域文化优势、发展机遇优势。但是,关中东北也存在资源开发、资本开发、设施建设、市场开发等后发劣势。本文在对关中东北旅游区后发优势、后发劣势的比较分析的基础上,综合考虑关中东北当前的旅游发展现实状况,提出了该区旅游业发展在景观资源开发、旅游市场拓展、环境支持、旅游产业成长等四个方面存在较大的后发潜力。因此,关中东北旅游业的发展,只有通过充分发挥后发优势,尽量避免后发劣势,大力挖掘后发潜力,才能最终实现所谓的跨越式发展。
再次,本文在对整个关中地区旅游发展格局进行重新思考定位的同时,以点—轴理论为基础,对关中东北旅游区的空间发展格局进行了构建,提出了关中东北旅游区的后发对策:即从点(旅游中心城镇体系建设)、线(旅游区轴线网络建设)、面(亚旅游区空间建设)三个层面构建了关中东北旅游区的空间发展格局;并从景区(点)空间布局整合、旅游环线设计、旅游服务设施空间布局整合三个方面对关中东北旅游区的空间发展结构进行了优化研究。
本文在对后发优势理论的内涵进行深入剖析的基础上,考虑到当前关中东北社会经济基础薄弱,旅游自主创新能力不足,提出了经验移植是关中东北旅游实现区域旅游突破性发展的保证。本文从景观培育方式、形象构建策略、市场拓展策略、景区管理模式四个方面进行经验移植分析,并以壶口瀑布为例进行了景区经验移植的实证研究。以期能够在客观上为关中东北旅游区的跨越式发展提供借鉴基础,使得关中东北在旅游业发展中突破重围,避免探索性失败,早日步入旅游业良性发展的高层轨道。
最后,本文从关中东北旅游区实现跨越式发展应具备的基础条件、发展的战略选择、发展过程中的动力因素和支持保障四个方面论证了其跨越式发展实现的可能,并构造了关中东北旅游区跨越式发展的“飞船模型”,对其发展过程进行了初探。
本文基于后发优势理论,从旅游业现状分析、旅游区后发优势、旅游区后发劣势、旅游区后发潜力、旅游区后发对策、旅游区经验移植、旅游区跨越式发展实现七个方面构建了关中东北“发挥后发优势,实现跨越式发展”的结构框架,为关中东北旅游区跨越式发展的实现提供了理论支持,有利于该区从自身现实出发寻找一条旅游发展的捷径,以期丰富后发旅游区,乃至区域旅游发展理论,并对中国渐热的后发旅游区发展实践提供些许指导作用。
The main idea of "advantage of backwardness" theory is that the absolute inferior economic position of backward countries or regions are associated with the advantage of backwardness in its keeping up with and surpassing the developed ones. At the same time, it also points out that the backward countries or regions can make a successful transcendence of the developed ones if its advantage of backwardness can be used properly. As a basic principle, the theory has been proved reasonable by lots of realities that some ever backward countries or regions have made success transcendences, and presently it is offering guidance to backward tourist areas to accelerate their surpassing course.
At present, how to make use of the advantage in this area, to achieve great-leap-forward development of the tourism, to reduce the gap with the developed tourist areas, has become to the urgent task of development of the tourism in northeast of Guan Zhong, and to achieve the northeast of Guan Zhong catch-up on developed ones in tourist areas, the focus is to address the issue of tourism development model. If you are not well dealt with this issue, you may re-take the detour of the developed tourist areas. The author believes that the Northeast of Guan Zhong tourist area must to go "play the advantage and achieve development by leaps and bounds" of the strategic model.
This article first introduced the advantage of backwardness with basic, on the basis of summary the basic content, the basic characteristics and the relationship with the tourist areas development of the theory.
Secondly, on the basis of re-defined the range in the northeast of Guan Zhong tourist area, this paper analyzes the social development status, the status quo of tourism development of the tourist areas, at the same time, based on the theory of Backwardness advantage, and depth analysis of the current tourism development in the advantage and disadvantage of Backwardness. The author believes that the use of the advantage of backwardness catching up and surpassing the developed tourist areas not only has the need for very large, but also has the feasibility in northeast of Guan Zhong. We can analysis the advantage of backwardness of northeast of Guan Zhong tourist area from four aspects: the resource advantages, location advantages, geographical and cultural advantages and opportunities of the advantages; However, this tourist area also has some disadvantage of backwardness in resource development, capital development, infrastructure, market development. After the comparative analysis of disadvantages and advantages, and to consider the reality of the proposed development of the tourism in the area, The author points out that there also existence four backwardness potential, that is landscape resources development, tourism marketing, environmental support , the growth of the tourism. Therefore, only by giving full play to the backwardness advantage, as far as possible to avoid a backwardness disadvantage , Vigorously tap their own backwardness potential, can the so-called leap-forward development eventual be realized in northeast of Guan Zhong of the tourism development.
Third, this article re-thinking and positioning the entire clearance pattern of tourism development in the region, and based on point-axis theory, Constructed a new space development pattern in the tourist area of northeast of Guan Zhong. Put forward the development of this tourist areas' backwardness Countermeasures: that is, from the point (tourist center of town system), line (axis of tourist area network), surface (sub-space for the construction of tourist areas) three levels to build pattern of spatial development of the northeast of Guan Zhong tourist area; and to optimized the structure of space of its tourism development from three aspects: the scenic spots (points) integration of spatial distribution, link design of regional tourism, tourism services and facilities to integrate.
Based on in-depth analysis of the theoretical contents of backwardness advantage, taking into account the current socio-economic foundation of the northeast of Guan Zhong is weak, less than the capability of independent innovation of tourism, point out that experience in transplantation is the guarantee to achieve breakthroughs in the development of the northeast of Guan Zhong tourism.
In this paper from the way to cultivate the landscape, the image of building strategies, marketing development strategies, management models scenic four aspects analysis the experience in transplantation of the northeast of Guan Zhong tourist area, and take the Hu Kou Waterfall Scenic Spot as an example of to research how to carry out the experience transplantation. Hope to be able to objectively tourist areas for development by leaps and bounds for reference, making this tourist area in the development of tourism can avoid exploration of the failure, and come into the sound development of tourism with a high-level track as soon as possible.
Finally, this paper from the tourist areas related development by leaps and bounds should have the basic conditions, proper strategic choice, the driving force and support in the development process four aspects demonstrated that the leaping development of the tourist areas may be achieved. The paper constructed the "spacecraft model" of leaping development in the northeast of Guan Zhong tourist area, and explored the process of its development.
Based on the backwardness advantage theory, this paper from Seven aspects to build the structure of the framework: "to play the advantage of backwardness " that is analysis of basic conditions, tourism backwardness advantages, tourism backwardness disadvantages, tourism backwardness potential tourism backwardness Countermeasures, the experience of transplantation in tourism and achieve leaping development.that provide a theoretical support to achieve development by leaps and bounds of the northeast of Guan Zhong tourist area, and is conducive to the area from their own reality to find a shortcut to the development of tourism with a view to enriching backwardness tourist areas, as well as regional tourism development theory, and to provide some guidance to the backwardness tourist areas of china in practice.
引文
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