我国商业银行碳信贷风险管理研究
|
摘要
可持续发展的思想已经在全世界范围内达到共识,要实现可持续发展,就必须保护好环境。现阶段,由于粗放型经济发展方式转变缓慢,发达国家工业化过程中分阶段出现的环境问题在我国集中出现,环境污染、生态恶化成为我国经济发展的“瓶颈”、影响社会和谐的突出因素。一方面低效率,高污染的行业仍然比比皆是,节能减排困难重重；另一方面低碳环保类企业资金缺乏,并在得到资金后缺乏后续保护措施。作为资金提供者,商业银行推动企业进行低碳经营相当必要。发展碳信贷是商业银行支持低碳经济发展的一项重要举措,但在开展碳信贷业务的同时,如何做好碳信贷风险管理成为广大商业银行都必须考虑的问题。
本文的理论研究从国际赤道原则,公共物品原则,社会责任理论,可持续发展原则,以及商业银行碳信贷风险管理论为基础,分析了商业银行发展碳信贷的原因。
本文在回顾了碳信贷理论基础上,通过对国内碳信贷的先驱者兴业银行的初步实践和碳信贷风险管理以及国外商业银行碳信贷的实践的探索,分析我国商业银行碳信贷风险管理的问题、原因、不足以及改进的措施,构建包括相关政策法律做支撑、文化技术为辅助以及银行内部风险管理为核心的中国商业银行碳信贷风险管理体系,以达到合理控制信贷增量、着力优化信贷结构、加强信贷风险管理的目的。
The concept of sustainable development has been widely accepted and implemented,that is,environment protection is the precondition to achieve sustainable development..Currently,due to the tranforming speed from extensive economy to intensive economy is too slow,all enviromental problems appear concentratively,which should appear during industrialization in developed countries.On the one hand,those high polluting industries are progressing rapidly,which increases the difficulty of environment protection,on the other hand,most of the environmental enterprises are facing the problem of capital shortage. As the providers of currencies,commercial banks are necessary to promote low carbon enterprises operating. Developing the carbon credit is an importtant step to support the development of low-carbon economy, but at the same time, each commercial bank should consider how to prevent the carbon credit risk.
The oretical study of this paper from the international Equator Principles, the principles of public goods, social responsibility theory, principles of sustainable development, and commercial banks on credit risk management of carbon-based analysis of the commercial banks because the development of carbon credits.
This paper first dicussed the theoretical basis of carbon credit and bank credit risk management.theory, including concept, content, classification and characteristics, then the paper discussed the pioneer of domestic carbon credit Industrial Bank and its practice, manegement of carbon credit risk.And next we introduced the practice of carbon credit of foreign commercial banks.At last, on the basis of the cases, we discussed the status of carbon credits and carbon credits internal controls, credit ratings and risk warning, process control, risk prevention measures of domestic commercial banks.
本文的理论研究从国际赤道原则,公共物品原则,社会责任理论,可持续发展原则,以及商业银行碳信贷风险管理论为基础,分析了商业银行发展碳信贷的原因。
本文在回顾了碳信贷理论基础上,通过对国内碳信贷的先驱者兴业银行的初步实践和碳信贷风险管理以及国外商业银行碳信贷的实践的探索,分析我国商业银行碳信贷风险管理的问题、原因、不足以及改进的措施,构建包括相关政策法律做支撑、文化技术为辅助以及银行内部风险管理为核心的中国商业银行碳信贷风险管理体系,以达到合理控制信贷增量、着力优化信贷结构、加强信贷风险管理的目的。
The concept of sustainable development has been widely accepted and implemented,that is,environment protection is the precondition to achieve sustainable development..Currently,due to the tranforming speed from extensive economy to intensive economy is too slow,all enviromental problems appear concentratively,which should appear during industrialization in developed countries.On the one hand,those high polluting industries are progressing rapidly,which increases the difficulty of environment protection,on the other hand,most of the environmental enterprises are facing the problem of capital shortage. As the providers of currencies,commercial banks are necessary to promote low carbon enterprises operating. Developing the carbon credit is an importtant step to support the development of low-carbon economy, but at the same time, each commercial bank should consider how to prevent the carbon credit risk.
The oretical study of this paper from the international Equator Principles, the principles of public goods, social responsibility theory, principles of sustainable development, and commercial banks on credit risk management of carbon-based analysis of the commercial banks because the development of carbon credits.
This paper first dicussed the theoretical basis of carbon credit and bank credit risk management.theory, including concept, content, classification and characteristics, then the paper discussed the pioneer of domestic carbon credit Industrial Bank and its practice, manegement of carbon credit risk.And next we introduced the practice of carbon credit of foreign commercial banks.At last, on the basis of the cases, we discussed the status of carbon credits and carbon credits internal controls, credit ratings and risk warning, process control, risk prevention measures of domestic commercial banks.
引文
[1]Abbasi, D.2006.America and Climate change:Closing the Gap between Science and Action.Yale School of Forestry & Evirpnmental Studies
[2]ABI.2005.Financial Risks on Climate Change.Association of British Insures, Summary Report and Technocal Annexes, www.abi.org.uk/climatechange
[3]A.M.Best.(2006) Thinking the unthinkable:How "mega-cats" may bruise insures. A.M.Best Special Report, May
[4]Ameko, A.2004.Managing weather risk to reduce earning volatility.Environmental Finance 6 (1):56-57
[5]Anderson, J., T.Andreadis,C.Vossbrinck, S.Tirrell, E.Waken, R.Frech, A Garmendia, And H.Van Kruiningen.2000.Isolation of West Nile virus from mosquitos, crows and a Cooper's hawk in Connecticut.Science 286(5448):2331-2333, December 17
[6]Iris Cecillia C.Gonzales (2004) Online system now takes securities trade payments, Busnissworld Manila, Jul 7:1
[7]Aon (2002) "Annual Global Climate and Catastrophe Report" Vol.6 Issue 7
[8]Beacom,.C.2006.Yukon's Dawson City threading on thin ice.Global and Mail March 6, p.48
[9]Bloom, R.2003.Ethical funds change with the times.Globe and Mail, March 8, p.CL
[10]Bradley, R 2005.As quoted in Talking It Through.Environmental Finance7 (2):S16
[11]Carleton, W.,J.Nelson, and M.Weisbach.1998.The influence of institution on Corporate governance through private negotiation:Evidence from TIAA-CREF
[12]CE Delft.2005.Giving Wings to Emission trading;Inclusion of Aviation under the European Emission Trading Scheme
[13]Del Guercio, D.and J.Hawkins.1999.The motiviation and impact of pension fund Activism. Journal of Financial
[14]Journal of the American Meteorological Society 81(9):2075-2082, september
[15]WHO.2003.Climate Change and Human health:Risks and Responses, Genava, World Health Organazation
[16]United States Senate.2006, Letter to the President, June 29,2006
[17]Vallely, P.2006.Africa will suffer most from climate change.The Independent, May 16, p.4
[18]UBS.2003.European Emission Trading Scheme:Bonanza or Bust?
[19]Wilson, M.L.2001.Ecology and infectious disease, in Aron, J.L and J.A.Patz(eds.), Ecosystem Change and Public Health:A Global Perspective.Baltimore:John Hopkins University Press, pp 283-324
[20]Trucost.2004.Emissions Trading and European Aviation.
[21]Smith, M.1996.Shareholder activism by institutional investors:Evidence from CalPERs.Journal of Finance51 (1):227-252
[22]Roberts, J.2002:Weather risk management in the alternative risk transfer market
[23]Richardson, A.and D.Schoeman.2004.Climate impact on plankton ecosystem in The Northeast Atlantic.Science,305(5690):1609-1612, September 10.
[24]Pospisil, R.2006.California Plans3,000MW solar programme.Environmental Finance7(4):4
[25]韩宁.构建中国循环经济金融支持的机制[J].中外企业家,2008,(12).
[26]张然斌,刘武辉.欧阳强.论构建有利于循环经济发展的和谐金融环境[J].金融理论与实践.2006,(8).
[27]庄贵阳.低碳经济引领世界经济发展方向[J].世界环境,2008,(2)：34-36.
[28]胡鞍钢.中国如何应对全球气候变暖的挑战[Z].国情报告,2007,(29).
[29]付允,马永欢,刘怡君,牛文元.低碳经济的发展模式[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2008,(3)：14-23
[30]苏瑾,赢余.低碳经济的成长之路.世界环境,2007,(4)：32—34.
[31]黄光宇,陈勇.生态城市理论与规划设计方法[M].北京：科学出版社。2004.223—225.
[32]潘家华.低碳发展：中国快速工业化进程面临的挑战[R].中英双边气候变化政策圆桌会议,北京,2004.10.26.
[33]陈佳贵等冲国地区工业化进程的综合评价与牲分析[J].经济研究,2008,(6)：4.17.
[34]章宁.从丹麦“能源模式”看低碳经济特征[J].全球科技经济嘹望,2008.12.
[35]孟德凯.关于我国低碳经济发展的若干思考[J].综合管理,管理.2009,9.
[36]邢继俊,赵刚.中国要大力发展低碳经济[J].冲国科技论坛,2008年第10期.
[37]普雷斯科特.低碳经济遏制全球变暖—英国在行动[J].国际晾望,2009/6A.
[38]王中英等.中国经济增长对碳排放的影响分析[J].安全与环境学报,2008,6(5)：88-91
[39]胡淙洋.低碳经济与中国发展[J].科学与对社会的影响,2008年第1期.
[40]李俊峰,马玲娟.低碳经济是规制世界发展格局的新规则[J].世界环境,2008(2).
[41]方时姣.低碳经济的实质是能源经济革命[N].国际能源网,www.iⅡ—el1.com.2009—05-20.
[42]牛文元.低碳经济是落实科学发展观的重要突破口[N].中国报道,2009-03-19.
[43]金石.WWF启动中国低碳城市发展项目2008(2A)
[44]潘家华.低碳发展的社会经济与技术分析2009
[45]周行健, 林明恒.低碳经济背景下商业银行的经营策略[J].南方金融,2010,(03)
[46]王珉.我国银行业视角下的绿色信贷——对环保金融化的思考[J].中国商界,2010,(02)
[47]阳露昭, 姜渊.论我国绿色信贷法律制度的构建[J].江西财经大学学报,2009,(04)
[48]韩娟.商业银行“绿色信贷”实施中的问题及建议[J].经营管理者,2009,(12)
[49]孙兆力.我国商业银行金融环境分析和战略选择[J].天津经济,2009,(01)
[50]张璐阳.低碳信贷——我国商业银行绿色信贷创新性研究[J].金融纵横,2010,(04)
[51]杨金霞.产能过剩信贷风险：商业银行面临的新挑战[J].金融电子化,2007,(12)
[2]ABI.2005.Financial Risks on Climate Change.Association of British Insures, Summary Report and Technocal Annexes, www.abi.org.uk/climatechange
[3]A.M.Best.(2006) Thinking the unthinkable:How "mega-cats" may bruise insures. A.M.Best Special Report, May
[4]Ameko, A.2004.Managing weather risk to reduce earning volatility.Environmental Finance 6 (1):56-57
[5]Anderson, J., T.Andreadis,C.Vossbrinck, S.Tirrell, E.Waken, R.Frech, A Garmendia, And H.Van Kruiningen.2000.Isolation of West Nile virus from mosquitos, crows and a Cooper's hawk in Connecticut.Science 286(5448):2331-2333, December 17
[6]Iris Cecillia C.Gonzales (2004) Online system now takes securities trade payments, Busnissworld Manila, Jul 7:1
[7]Aon (2002) "Annual Global Climate and Catastrophe Report" Vol.6 Issue 7
[8]Beacom,.C.2006.Yukon's Dawson City threading on thin ice.Global and Mail March 6, p.48
[9]Bloom, R.2003.Ethical funds change with the times.Globe and Mail, March 8, p.CL
[10]Bradley, R 2005.As quoted in Talking It Through.Environmental Finance7 (2):S16
[11]Carleton, W.,J.Nelson, and M.Weisbach.1998.The influence of institution on Corporate governance through private negotiation:Evidence from TIAA-CREF
[12]CE Delft.2005.Giving Wings to Emission trading;Inclusion of Aviation under the European Emission Trading Scheme
[13]Del Guercio, D.and J.Hawkins.1999.The motiviation and impact of pension fund Activism. Journal of Financial
[14]Journal of the American Meteorological Society 81(9):2075-2082, september
[15]WHO.2003.Climate Change and Human health:Risks and Responses, Genava, World Health Organazation
[16]United States Senate.2006, Letter to the President, June 29,2006
[17]Vallely, P.2006.Africa will suffer most from climate change.The Independent, May 16, p.4
[18]UBS.2003.European Emission Trading Scheme:Bonanza or Bust?
[19]Wilson, M.L.2001.Ecology and infectious disease, in Aron, J.L and J.A.Patz(eds.), Ecosystem Change and Public Health:A Global Perspective.Baltimore:John Hopkins University Press, pp 283-324
[20]Trucost.2004.Emissions Trading and European Aviation.
[21]Smith, M.1996.Shareholder activism by institutional investors:Evidence from CalPERs.Journal of Finance51 (1):227-252
[22]Roberts, J.2002:Weather risk management in the alternative risk transfer market
[23]Richardson, A.and D.Schoeman.2004.Climate impact on plankton ecosystem in The Northeast Atlantic.Science,305(5690):1609-1612, September 10.
[24]Pospisil, R.2006.California Plans3,000MW solar programme.Environmental Finance7(4):4
[25]韩宁.构建中国循环经济金融支持的机制[J].中外企业家,2008,(12).
[26]张然斌,刘武辉.欧阳强.论构建有利于循环经济发展的和谐金融环境[J].金融理论与实践.2006,(8).
[27]庄贵阳.低碳经济引领世界经济发展方向[J].世界环境,2008,(2)：34-36.
[28]胡鞍钢.中国如何应对全球气候变暖的挑战[Z].国情报告,2007,(29).
[29]付允,马永欢,刘怡君,牛文元.低碳经济的发展模式[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2008,(3)：14-23
[30]苏瑾,赢余.低碳经济的成长之路.世界环境,2007,(4)：32—34.
[31]黄光宇,陈勇.生态城市理论与规划设计方法[M].北京：科学出版社。2004.223—225.
[32]潘家华.低碳发展：中国快速工业化进程面临的挑战[R].中英双边气候变化政策圆桌会议,北京,2004.10.26.
[33]陈佳贵等冲国地区工业化进程的综合评价与牲分析[J].经济研究,2008,(6)：4.17.
[34]章宁.从丹麦“能源模式”看低碳经济特征[J].全球科技经济嘹望,2008.12.
[35]孟德凯.关于我国低碳经济发展的若干思考[J].综合管理,管理.2009,9.
[36]邢继俊,赵刚.中国要大力发展低碳经济[J].冲国科技论坛,2008年第10期.
[37]普雷斯科特.低碳经济遏制全球变暖—英国在行动[J].国际晾望,2009/6A.
[38]王中英等.中国经济增长对碳排放的影响分析[J].安全与环境学报,2008,6(5)：88-91
[39]胡淙洋.低碳经济与中国发展[J].科学与对社会的影响,2008年第1期.
[40]李俊峰,马玲娟.低碳经济是规制世界发展格局的新规则[J].世界环境,2008(2).
[41]方时姣.低碳经济的实质是能源经济革命[N].国际能源网,www.iⅡ—el1.com.2009—05-20.
[42]牛文元.低碳经济是落实科学发展观的重要突破口[N].中国报道,2009-03-19.
[43]金石.WWF启动中国低碳城市发展项目2008(2A)
[44]潘家华.低碳发展的社会经济与技术分析2009
[45]周行健, 林明恒.低碳经济背景下商业银行的经营策略[J].南方金融,2010,(03)
[46]王珉.我国银行业视角下的绿色信贷——对环保金融化的思考[J].中国商界,2010,(02)
[47]阳露昭, 姜渊.论我国绿色信贷法律制度的构建[J].江西财经大学学报,2009,(04)
[48]韩娟.商业银行“绿色信贷”实施中的问题及建议[J].经营管理者,2009,(12)
[49]孙兆力.我国商业银行金融环境分析和战略选择[J].天津经济,2009,(01)
[50]张璐阳.低碳信贷——我国商业银行绿色信贷创新性研究[J].金融纵横,2010,(04)
[51]杨金霞.产能过剩信贷风险：商业银行面临的新挑战[J].金融电子化,2007,(12)