望水白抗赤霉病主效QTL的遗传和效应研究
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摘要
小麦是世界上最重要的粮食作物之一,在生产上经常受到赤霉病的侵袭,造成产量和品质的下降。这种病害主要是由禾谷镰孢菌(Fusarium graminearum)引起的(有性态为Gibberella zeae).小麦对赤霉病的抗性表现为多基因控制的数量性状,可以分为五种不同类型：抗侵入性(TypeⅠ)、抗扩展性(Type II).抗毒素积累能力(Type III).降低籽粒病粒率(Type IV)和耐病性(Type V).定位在望水白6BS染色体上的QFhs.nau-6B,是一个抗赤霉病扩展的主效QTL。为了进一步分析和利用该位点的抗病性,分别以感病材料PH691和扬麦12号作为轮回亲本构建了该QTL的近等基因系。抗扩展表型鉴定表明这些近等基因系的抗病性与轮回亲本间存在显著差异,轮回亲本的遗传背景对QFhs.nau-6B的抗病效应有显著影响。此外,还分析了该QTL区段为杂合基因型单株自交后代的抗感分布,结果显示抗感按1：3分离,其抗性遗传符合单个孟德尔因子控制的隐性遗传模式。利用筛选到的13株重组体的基因型和表型,将QFhs-nau-6B定位于Xwmc398-Xgwm644区间。
为了深入研究位于望水白染色体3BS.6BS.4BL和5AS上的四个主效QTL的抗赤霉病效应,本研究以感病品种PH691、绵阳2000-1和扬麦12号作为轮回亲本,望水白为QTL供体亲本,通过分子标记辅助选择,将这些QTL导入至感病品种中,经过连续回交获得了一批遗传背景不同和QTL组合不同的近等基因系。对这些近等基因系分别进行了抗侵入和抗扩展能力的田间评价。结果显示,QFhs.nau+-3B和QFhs.nau-6B具备显著的抗扩展能力,但不具备抗侵入效应,二者之间存在加性效应；QFhi.nau-4B与QFhi.nau-5A具备显著的抗侵入能力,但没有抗扩展效应,这两个QTL之间存在显著的加性效应。抗侵入和抗扩展QTL的累加可以提高近等基因系的综合抗病能力。
分析中发现,望水白5AS位点决定的抗侵入能力总是和旗叶宽高度相关,窄叶的植株表现出更好的抗性。为了阐明这两个性状之间的遗传关系,从“南大2419x望水白”重组自交系群体、绵阳99-323和PH691背景近等基因系分离群体中筛选出该QTL区间的重组体,并分析了它们的基因型及其抗侵入能力和旗叶宽度。结果表明QFhi.nau-5A位于Xgwm304-Xgm415区间内；QFlw.nau-5A位于Xgwm415-Xwmc752区间。因此,抗侵入和窄叶的高度关联不是一因多效,而是由于两个QTL的紧密连锁。
Wheat is one of the most important food crops in the world, and is frequently attacked by Fusarium head blight (FHB) leading to yield reduction and poor grain quality in wheat production. This disease is caused mainly by Fusarium graminearum (telemorph Gibberella zeae). The scab resistance performs quantitative characters that are controlled by polygene. Five different types of FHB resistance have been described as follows:resistance to initial penetration by the pathogen (type I), resistance to spread of FHB syptoms within an infected spike (type Ⅱ), resistance to the accumulation of toxin (type III), reducing fusarium-damaged kernal (type IV), and tolerance to disease (type V). QFhs.nau-6B has been located in Wangshuibai6BS chromosome as well as a major effect type Ⅱ resistance QTL to FHB. For further analysis and exploit this QTL, NILs of QFhs.nau-6B was developed in PH691and Yangmai12background. The results revealed that all of NILs performed much better resistance than recurrent parent, affected by background differences simultaneously. In order to determine genetic mode of QFhs.nau-6B, we analyzed a distribution of resistance and susceptible in progenies of heterozygous plant. The results manifested that the resistance segregation was1:3, so QFhs.nau-6B was a single recessive Mendelian inheritance factor. Using13recombinants in PH691background, QFhs.nau-6B was precisely mapped in the interval of Xwmc398-Xgwm644through genotyping and phenotyping.
In order to further study on four major QTLs from Wangshuibai chromosome3BS,6BS,5AS, and4BL for resistance to FHB, this research using susceptible materials PH691, Mianyang2000-1, and Yangmai12as recurrent parents, Wangshuibai as donor parent, near-isogenic lines (NILs) of different genetic backgrounds and different QTL combinations had been developed, with the help of molecular markers assisted selection. Field evaluation of type I and type Ⅱ resistance were implemented in all of above NILs. The survey results showed that QFhs.nau-3B and QFhs.nau-6B had type Ⅱ resistance but no type I resistance; however, QFhi.nau-4B and QFhi.na.u-5A had type I resistance but no type II resistance. There was a certain degree additive effect between the same types of QTLs. Furthermore, field resistance could be improved after pyramiding different types of resistance QTLs.
The effect of resistance to initial penetration on chromsome5AS was highly correlated with flag leaf width (FLW), so the lines with narrow leaf performed much better rsistance than recurrent parent. In order to elucidate the genetic relationship between the pair of traits, recombinants were selected from Nanda2419xWangshuibai RILs, PH691background NILs, and Mianyang99-323background NILs, and analyzed their genotypes and phenotypes. Finally, QFhi.nau-5A was located in the interval of Xgwm304-Xgwm415; meanwhile, QFlw.nau-5A was placed in the interval of Xgwm415-Xbarc752. Therefore, the two traits usually both found in the same lines because of two tightly linked loci.
为了深入研究位于望水白染色体3BS.6BS.4BL和5AS上的四个主效QTL的抗赤霉病效应,本研究以感病品种PH691、绵阳2000-1和扬麦12号作为轮回亲本,望水白为QTL供体亲本,通过分子标记辅助选择,将这些QTL导入至感病品种中,经过连续回交获得了一批遗传背景不同和QTL组合不同的近等基因系。对这些近等基因系分别进行了抗侵入和抗扩展能力的田间评价。结果显示,QFhs.nau+-3B和QFhs.nau-6B具备显著的抗扩展能力,但不具备抗侵入效应,二者之间存在加性效应；QFhi.nau-4B与QFhi.nau-5A具备显著的抗侵入能力,但没有抗扩展效应,这两个QTL之间存在显著的加性效应。抗侵入和抗扩展QTL的累加可以提高近等基因系的综合抗病能力。
分析中发现,望水白5AS位点决定的抗侵入能力总是和旗叶宽高度相关,窄叶的植株表现出更好的抗性。为了阐明这两个性状之间的遗传关系,从“南大2419x望水白”重组自交系群体、绵阳99-323和PH691背景近等基因系分离群体中筛选出该QTL区间的重组体,并分析了它们的基因型及其抗侵入能力和旗叶宽度。结果表明QFhi.nau-5A位于Xgwm304-Xgm415区间内；QFlw.nau-5A位于Xgwm415-Xwmc752区间。因此,抗侵入和窄叶的高度关联不是一因多效,而是由于两个QTL的紧密连锁。
Wheat is one of the most important food crops in the world, and is frequently attacked by Fusarium head blight (FHB) leading to yield reduction and poor grain quality in wheat production. This disease is caused mainly by Fusarium graminearum (telemorph Gibberella zeae). The scab resistance performs quantitative characters that are controlled by polygene. Five different types of FHB resistance have been described as follows:resistance to initial penetration by the pathogen (type I), resistance to spread of FHB syptoms within an infected spike (type Ⅱ), resistance to the accumulation of toxin (type III), reducing fusarium-damaged kernal (type IV), and tolerance to disease (type V). QFhs.nau-6B has been located in Wangshuibai6BS chromosome as well as a major effect type Ⅱ resistance QTL to FHB. For further analysis and exploit this QTL, NILs of QFhs.nau-6B was developed in PH691and Yangmai12background. The results revealed that all of NILs performed much better resistance than recurrent parent, affected by background differences simultaneously. In order to determine genetic mode of QFhs.nau-6B, we analyzed a distribution of resistance and susceptible in progenies of heterozygous plant. The results manifested that the resistance segregation was1:3, so QFhs.nau-6B was a single recessive Mendelian inheritance factor. Using13recombinants in PH691background, QFhs.nau-6B was precisely mapped in the interval of Xwmc398-Xgwm644through genotyping and phenotyping.
In order to further study on four major QTLs from Wangshuibai chromosome3BS,6BS,5AS, and4BL for resistance to FHB, this research using susceptible materials PH691, Mianyang2000-1, and Yangmai12as recurrent parents, Wangshuibai as donor parent, near-isogenic lines (NILs) of different genetic backgrounds and different QTL combinations had been developed, with the help of molecular markers assisted selection. Field evaluation of type I and type Ⅱ resistance were implemented in all of above NILs. The survey results showed that QFhs.nau-3B and QFhs.nau-6B had type Ⅱ resistance but no type I resistance; however, QFhi.nau-4B and QFhi.na.u-5A had type I resistance but no type II resistance. There was a certain degree additive effect between the same types of QTLs. Furthermore, field resistance could be improved after pyramiding different types of resistance QTLs.
The effect of resistance to initial penetration on chromsome5AS was highly correlated with flag leaf width (FLW), so the lines with narrow leaf performed much better rsistance than recurrent parent. In order to elucidate the genetic relationship between the pair of traits, recombinants were selected from Nanda2419xWangshuibai RILs, PH691background NILs, and Mianyang99-323background NILs, and analyzed their genotypes and phenotypes. Finally, QFhi.nau-5A was located in the interval of Xgwm304-Xgwm415; meanwhile, QFlw.nau-5A was placed in the interval of Xgwm415-Xbarc752. Therefore, the two traits usually both found in the same lines because of two tightly linked loci.
引文
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