超硬涂层材料滚动接触应力场数值分析
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摘要
随着材料科学和现代涂层技术的发展，应用超硬材料涂层技术改善零部件表面的机械性能和摩擦学性能是21世纪表面工程领域重要的研究方向之一。但是目前对于超硬涂层材料滚动接触疲劳失效机理的研究还处于探索之中。因此研究超硬涂层材料滚动接触行为不仅具有现实意义，还可以为超硬材料涂层技术的开发和应用提供科学的参考依据。
本文应用大型有限元通用软件ANSYS作为分析工具，以推力球轴承为模型，借助于数值模拟技术研究了超硬涂层材料滚动接触行为，分析了材料特性对轴承滚动接触应力场的影响。
对于轴承的材料特性，本文主要分析了弹性模量、泊松比对轴承弹塑性接触应力应变场的影响。计算结果表明超硬涂层材料滚动接触的力学行为和一般的滚动接触的力学行为存在很大的不同，主要表现在对最大剪切应力的影响。涂层弹性模量变化对滚动接触时的最大等效应力影响较为明显，而对最大剪切应力产生一定的影响，这一点和一般滚动接触时弹性模量变化的影响作用是一样的。泊松比的变化对最大剪切应力及剪切应力场几乎没有影响。对超硬涂层材料而言，最大剪切应力发生在涂层和过渡层的结合部位，而对一般滚动接触来说，最大剪切应力发生在表面下某一深度处，但是这一深度值远远大于涂层厚度。
此外，本文还借助于新型超硬涂层材料滚动接触疲劳试验机，应用光学显微镜和扫描电镜技术分析了超硬涂层材料滚动接触疲劳行为，进一步验证了利用有限元分析所得结论的合理性。
该文的工作对于进一步深入研究超硬涂层接触疲劳机理及定量评定技术具有很大的指导意义。
With the developments of materials science and coatings technology, the applications of coating technology in super hard materials to improve surface mechanical functions and friction properties of accessories is principle resea-
rch aspects in the surface engineering field in the 21st century. But the study on the rolling contact fatigue failure mechanism of super hard material coati-
ngs is in grope. Therefore, the study of the rolling contact behavior of super hard material coatings not only has an important practical significance，but also can provide some scientific references necessarily to the exploitures and applications of the super hard material coatings technology.
In this dissertation, resorting to the model of thrust ball bearing, the effect of material characteristic on the distribution of rolling contact stress field about super hard material are simulated by utilizing commercialized software ANSYS.
The effect of coating material characteristics on the distribution of rollin-
g contact stress field of super hard material coatings are analyzed including Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio. The calculation shows that the dynamical behavior of rolling contact about super hard material coatings is very different from the dynamical behavior of rolling contact about ordinary contact. The variation of Young’s modulus of coatings affects max equivalent stress obvio-
usly when rolling contact occurs, and affects max shear stress to some extent. And the effect is the same as that of the ordinary rolling contact. However, the variation of Poisson’s ratio of coatings hardly affects max shear stress and shear stress field when rolling contact occurs. At the same time, for super hard materials of coatings, max shear stresses occurs on the joint with coating and transitional layer, but the max shear stress occurs somewhere under the surface for ordinary rolling contact while the numerical value is much larger than the thickness of coatings.
Recurring to the late-model rolling contact fatigue test machine and using
all kinds of microscope technology, this paper analyses and puts forward rolling contact fatigue mechanism of super hard material coatings. And the results validate that the conclusions by numerical simulating are reasonable.
All the above work is very significant to the contact fatigue mechanism
research for super hard material with coatings and the technology of quantit-
ative valuation.
本文应用大型有限元通用软件ANSYS作为分析工具，以推力球轴承为模型，借助于数值模拟技术研究了超硬涂层材料滚动接触行为，分析了材料特性对轴承滚动接触应力场的影响。
对于轴承的材料特性，本文主要分析了弹性模量、泊松比对轴承弹塑性接触应力应变场的影响。计算结果表明超硬涂层材料滚动接触的力学行为和一般的滚动接触的力学行为存在很大的不同，主要表现在对最大剪切应力的影响。涂层弹性模量变化对滚动接触时的最大等效应力影响较为明显，而对最大剪切应力产生一定的影响，这一点和一般滚动接触时弹性模量变化的影响作用是一样的。泊松比的变化对最大剪切应力及剪切应力场几乎没有影响。对超硬涂层材料而言，最大剪切应力发生在涂层和过渡层的结合部位，而对一般滚动接触来说，最大剪切应力发生在表面下某一深度处，但是这一深度值远远大于涂层厚度。
此外，本文还借助于新型超硬涂层材料滚动接触疲劳试验机，应用光学显微镜和扫描电镜技术分析了超硬涂层材料滚动接触疲劳行为，进一步验证了利用有限元分析所得结论的合理性。
该文的工作对于进一步深入研究超硬涂层接触疲劳机理及定量评定技术具有很大的指导意义。
With the developments of materials science and coatings technology, the applications of coating technology in super hard materials to improve surface mechanical functions and friction properties of accessories is principle resea-
rch aspects in the surface engineering field in the 21st century. But the study on the rolling contact fatigue failure mechanism of super hard material coati-
ngs is in grope. Therefore, the study of the rolling contact behavior of super hard material coatings not only has an important practical significance，but also can provide some scientific references necessarily to the exploitures and applications of the super hard material coatings technology.
In this dissertation, resorting to the model of thrust ball bearing, the effect of material characteristic on the distribution of rolling contact stress field about super hard material are simulated by utilizing commercialized software ANSYS.
The effect of coating material characteristics on the distribution of rollin-
g contact stress field of super hard material coatings are analyzed including Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio. The calculation shows that the dynamical behavior of rolling contact about super hard material coatings is very different from the dynamical behavior of rolling contact about ordinary contact. The variation of Young’s modulus of coatings affects max equivalent stress obvio-
usly when rolling contact occurs, and affects max shear stress to some extent. And the effect is the same as that of the ordinary rolling contact. However, the variation of Poisson’s ratio of coatings hardly affects max shear stress and shear stress field when rolling contact occurs. At the same time, for super hard materials of coatings, max shear stresses occurs on the joint with coating and transitional layer, but the max shear stress occurs somewhere under the surface for ordinary rolling contact while the numerical value is much larger than the thickness of coatings.
Recurring to the late-model rolling contact fatigue test machine and using
all kinds of microscope technology, this paper analyses and puts forward rolling contact fatigue mechanism of super hard material coatings. And the results validate that the conclusions by numerical simulating are reasonable.
All the above work is very significant to the contact fatigue mechanism
research for super hard material with coatings and the technology of quantit-
ative valuation.
引文
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(1~2): 34~39
9 Stewart, S. and Ahmed, R. Rolling Contact Fatigue of Surface Coatings––A Review.
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10 Keunecke, M. Yamamoto, K. and Bewilogua, K. Mechanical and Tribological Prop-
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11 Liu, A.Y. and Cohen, M.L. Prediction of New Low Compressibility Solids. Science,
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12 Spear, K.E. and Dismukes ,J.P. Synthetic Diamond: Emerging CVD Science and Technology. Wiley, Chichester (UK), 1994: 195~231
13 Choy, KL. Handbook of Nanostructured Materials and Nanotechnology, vol. 1: Syn-
thesis and Processing. San Diego (CA): Academic Press; 2000: 533.
14 Yulin Yang and Allan Matthews. Rolling Contact Fatigue of Coated Bearing Racew-
ay. Eighth International Conference on Plasma Surface Engineering Conference
and Exhibition. Garmisch-Partenkirchen (Germany), 2002: 9~13,.
15 Hertz.H.. Uber Die Berührung Faster Elastischer K?rper,J.Reine und Angewandte Mathematic, 1882, (92): 156~171
16 Muskhelishvili,V.I.,Singular Intergal Equations, Moscow, 1946: 25~38
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20 Johnson,K.L., Contact Problem. Cambridge University Press, 1985: 116~123
21 Kikuchi, N. and Oden, J.T.. Contact Problem in Elasticity: a Study of Variational Inequalities and Finite Element Methods, SIAM Studies in Applied Mathematics,
Philadelphia, 1988: 324~356
22 (日)冈本纯三. 球轴承的设计计算. 北京. 机械工业出版社. 2003: 2~5
23 A.Ishii, Calculation Formulas for Basic Dynamic Load Ratings of Rolling Bearings. NTN Technical Manual, 1984, 56: 78~120
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26 崔恩第, 徐振铎. 有限单元法及程序设计. 天津. 天津大学出版社, 1999: 1~2
27 http: // www. ansys. com. cn
28 张家华, 王国俭. The Structural Analysis of the Space Truss Roof of Shenyang Exhibition Center. 2000ANSYS中国用户年会论文集. 成都, 2000: 123~124
29 李文喜, 范瑞祥. 温度对星箭锁紧包带预紧力的影响研究.2000ANSYS中国用户年会论文集. 成都, 2000: 3~8
30 王淑范. 子结构法在大型有限元分析中的应用. 2000ANSYS中国用户年会论文,集. 成都, 2000: 13~16
31 岳川. 球封头与筒体过渡段应力及疲劳分析.2000ANSYS中国用户年会论文集.成都, 2000: 343~348
32 孙英学. 稳压器中下支撑板地震响应分析.2000ANSYS中国用户年会论文集. 成
都, 2000: 343~348
33 藏峰刚. 反应堆吊篮在静水中的模态分析研究. 2000ANSYS中国用户年会论文集. 成都, 2000: 363~368
34 闫雪冬. ANSYS软件在内燃机动车组中的应用. 2000ANSYS中国用户年会论文集. 成都, 2000: 191~196
35 闫雪冬. 某型客车水箱起皱的原因分析与对策.2000ANSYS中国用户年会论文集. 成都, 2000: 197~200
36 冯锦良. 通讯设备的热设计仿真分析.2000ANSYS中国用户年会论文集. 成都, 2000: 175~180
37 唐春安, 朱万成. 混凝土损伤与断裂—数值试验. 北京: 科学出版社.2003: 35~38
38 孔祥安, 江晓禹, 金雪松. 固体接触力学. 北京: 中国铁道出版社,1999: 137~144
39 ISO281/1, Dynamic Load Rating and Rating Life. Calculation Methods, 1997: Part1
40 Y.P.Chiu, T.E.Tallian, J.IMcCool, An Engineering Model of Spalling Fatigue Fail-
ure in Rolling Contact—The Surface Model. Wear, 1971, 17: 433~446
41 T.E.Tallian, J.IMcCool, An Engineering Model of Spalling Fatigue Failure in Rolling Contact—The Surface Model. Wear, 1971, 17: 447~461,
42 T.E.Tallian. An Engineering Model of Spalling Fatigue Failure in Rolling Contact,
Engineering Discussion and Illustrative Example. Wear, 1971, 17: 463~480
43 万长森. 滚动轴承的分析方法. 北京: 机械工程出版社, 1987: 139~141
44 徐桂珍. 涂层和未涂层铝基体上接触应力的有限元模拟. 中国表面工程, 2000, 1: 27~33
45 魏东, 刘佐民. 金属基/陶瓷涂层的接触应力有限元分析. 武汉理工大学学报, 2001, 23(12): 1~4
46 王黎钦,齐毓霖, 朱宝库. 超硬镀膜轴承滚动体的内应力及膜厚对其影响的有限元分析.机械科学与工程, 1994, 1l: 79~84
47 A.A.Voevodin, E.V.Iorve, W.Ragland etc. Stress Analyses and in-situ Fracture Ob-
servation of Wear Protective Multilayer Coatings in Contact Loaing. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2001, (148): 38~45
48 王黎钦, 齐毓霖, 朱宝库, 等. 超硬膜膜基体系内应力的有限元分析. 哈尔滨工业大学学报, 1994, 26(5): 107~112
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Coatings. Wear, 2000, 246: 20~23
2 师昌绪. 表面工程与维修. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 1996: 1~2
3 T. Bell. Surface Engineering Material and Technology for the Twenty-first Century.
Advanced Manufacturing Technology. Beijing, 1996: 2
4 钱苗根, 姚寿山, 张少宗. 现代表面工程技术. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2001:
60~270
5 戴达煌, 周克崧等. 金刚石薄膜沉积制备工艺与应用. 北京: 冶金工业出版社, 2001:1~184
6 Jianhong He and Julie M. Schoenung Nanostructured Coatings. Materials Scie-
nce and Engineering, 2002, 336(1~2): 274~319
7 Kitty W. Lee, De. Jun Li and Yip. Wah.. Chung. Nanolayer Coatings for Hard Disk and Demanding Tribological Applications. JOM, 2002, 54(9): 49~52
8 Chen, K. H. et al. Highly Transparent Nano-Crystalline Diamond Films via Substra
te Pretreatment and Methane Fraction Optimization. Thin Solid Films, 1998, 332-
(1~2): 34~39
9 Stewart, S. and Ahmed, R. Rolling Contact Fatigue of Surface Coatings––A Review.
Wear, 2002, 253(11~12): 1132~1144
10 Keunecke, M. Yamamoto, K. and Bewilogua, K. Mechanical and Tribological Prop-
erties of cBN Films on Silicon and Tungsten Carbide Substrates. Thin Solid Films, 2001, 398~399: 142~149.
11 Liu, A.Y. and Cohen, M.L. Prediction of New Low Compressibility Solids. Science,
1989, 245(4920): 841~842.
12 Spear, K.E. and Dismukes ,J.P. Synthetic Diamond: Emerging CVD Science and Technology. Wiley, Chichester (UK), 1994: 195~231
13 Choy, KL. Handbook of Nanostructured Materials and Nanotechnology, vol. 1: Syn-
thesis and Processing. San Diego (CA): Academic Press; 2000: 533.
14 Yulin Yang and Allan Matthews. Rolling Contact Fatigue of Coated Bearing Racew-
ay. Eighth International Conference on Plasma Surface Engineering Conference
and Exhibition. Garmisch-Partenkirchen (Germany), 2002: 9~13,.
15 Hertz.H.. Uber Die Berührung Faster Elastischer K?rper,J.Reine und Angewandte Mathematic, 1882, (92): 156~171
16 Muskhelishvili,V.I.,Singular Intergal Equations, Moscow, 1946: 25~38
17 Muskhelishvili, V.I., The Fundamental General Problem of the Theory of Elasticity,
Moscow. 1949: 32~45
18 Galin,L.A., Contact Problem in the Theory of Elasticity. Moscow, 1953: 78~93
19 Gladwell, G.M.L.. Contact Problem in the Classical Theory of Elasticity. Alphen ann den Rijn: Sijthoff and Noordhoff, 1980; 250~259
20 Johnson,K.L., Contact Problem. Cambridge University Press, 1985: 116~123
21 Kikuchi, N. and Oden, J.T.. Contact Problem in Elasticity: a Study of Variational Inequalities and Finite Element Methods, SIAM Studies in Applied Mathematics,
Philadelphia, 1988: 324~356
22 (日)冈本纯三. 球轴承的设计计算. 北京. 机械工业出版社. 2003: 2~5
23 A.Ishii, Calculation Formulas for Basic Dynamic Load Ratings of Rolling Bearings. NTN Technical Manual, 1984, 56: 78~120
24 G.Lundberg & A.Palmgren. Dynamic Capacity of Rolling Bearings. Acta Polytech-
nics, 1952, 96: 308~312
25 M.Π.Ковалев, M.3Наролепкий, Расчет Высокоточных Щарикопод Щипников. Mащиностроение, 1980: 456~468
26 崔恩第, 徐振铎. 有限单元法及程序设计. 天津. 天津大学出版社, 1999: 1~2
27 http: // www. ansys. com. cn
28 张家华, 王国俭. The Structural Analysis of the Space Truss Roof of Shenyang Exhibition Center. 2000ANSYS中国用户年会论文集. 成都, 2000: 123~124
29 李文喜, 范瑞祥. 温度对星箭锁紧包带预紧力的影响研究.2000ANSYS中国用户年会论文集. 成都, 2000: 3~8
30 王淑范. 子结构法在大型有限元分析中的应用. 2000ANSYS中国用户年会论文,集. 成都, 2000: 13~16
31 岳川. 球封头与筒体过渡段应力及疲劳分析.2000ANSYS中国用户年会论文集.成都, 2000: 343~348
32 孙英学. 稳压器中下支撑板地震响应分析.2000ANSYS中国用户年会论文集. 成
都, 2000: 343~348
33 藏峰刚. 反应堆吊篮在静水中的模态分析研究. 2000ANSYS中国用户年会论文集. 成都, 2000: 363~368
34 闫雪冬. ANSYS软件在内燃机动车组中的应用. 2000ANSYS中国用户年会论文集. 成都, 2000: 191~196
35 闫雪冬. 某型客车水箱起皱的原因分析与对策.2000ANSYS中国用户年会论文集. 成都, 2000: 197~200
36 冯锦良. 通讯设备的热设计仿真分析.2000ANSYS中国用户年会论文集. 成都, 2000: 175~180
37 唐春安, 朱万成. 混凝土损伤与断裂—数值试验. 北京: 科学出版社.2003: 35~38
38 孔祥安, 江晓禹, 金雪松. 固体接触力学. 北京: 中国铁道出版社,1999: 137~144
39 ISO281/1, Dynamic Load Rating and Rating Life. Calculation Methods, 1997: Part1
40 Y.P.Chiu, T.E.Tallian, J.IMcCool, An Engineering Model of Spalling Fatigue Fail-
ure in Rolling Contact—The Surface Model. Wear, 1971, 17: 433~446
41 T.E.Tallian, J.IMcCool, An Engineering Model of Spalling Fatigue Failure in Rolling Contact—The Surface Model. Wear, 1971, 17: 447~461,
42 T.E.Tallian. An Engineering Model of Spalling Fatigue Failure in Rolling Contact,
Engineering Discussion and Illustrative Example. Wear, 1971, 17: 463~480
43 万长森. 滚动轴承的分析方法. 北京: 机械工程出版社, 1987: 139~141
44 徐桂珍. 涂层和未涂层铝基体上接触应力的有限元模拟. 中国表面工程, 2000, 1: 27~33
45 魏东, 刘佐民. 金属基/陶瓷涂层的接触应力有限元分析. 武汉理工大学学报, 2001, 23(12): 1~4
46 王黎钦,齐毓霖, 朱宝库. 超硬镀膜轴承滚动体的内应力及膜厚对其影响的有限元分析.机械科学与工程, 1994, 1l: 79~84
47 A.A.Voevodin, E.V.Iorve, W.Ragland etc. Stress Analyses and in-situ Fracture Ob-
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