菱形传动机构热气机的设计研究
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摘要
热气机是一种以多种燃料为能源的闭循环回热式发动机，在解决能源紧张、减少环境污染以及军事领域等方面具有重要意义。本文研究了菱形传动热气机的传动机构尺度优化综合、性能模拟以及利用虚拟样机技术对热气机进行建模，进而对其传动机构进行运动及动力模拟仿真，以检验各个参数的合理性。
首先，从Stirling热力学循环理论入手，根据热气机一个运动循环输出热功为最大。建立了菱形传动机构尺度优化综合的数学模型，在满足传动机构约束条件的情况下，优化传动机构的几何参数，以使热气机的输出功率在其它参数已定时达到最大。
其次，采用等温分析法对影响热气机的性能参数进行分析，并且以此为数学模型开发出菱形传动机构热气机性能模拟的软件包，以期在热气机制造以前能对其性能进行预测。
再次，根据机构尺度优化综合优化得到的机构参数，采用Solidworks软件对菱形传动机构热气机进行三维建模，在Cosmos／Motion环境中，对热气机虚拟样机模型进行运动及动力仿真，以检测优化参数和运动规律的合理性。
最后，在对热气机虚拟样机的运动及动力仿真模拟分析的基础上，根据所得的参数，对热气机的零部件进行反馈设计，以使虚拟样机能够更加真实地反映未来的物理样机。
Stirling Engine(SE) is a kind of regenerative internal combustion engine with the characteristics of multi-fuel adaptability. It plays an important part to change the shortage of petroleum fuel, reduce the environmental pollution and to be used in military field etc.. The dimensional optimization and synthesis of rhombic driving SE, its performance simulation and modeling by virtual prototype were studied in this paper. In order to prove the rationality of the design parameters for the driving mechanism, the kinematical and dynamical simulation of the mechanism was carried out.
Firstly, the mathematics model for dimensional synthesis of rhombic driving SE was established based on the circulating theories of Stirling thermodynamics. The objective function was to maximize the thermal power from the working medium in one cycle. In this way the output power of SE would be maximum when the other parameters have be determined and the parameters of driving mechanism satisfied the restrictive conditions.
Secondly, the parameters relative to the performance of SE were analyzed according to Constant Temperature Process Method. A mathematics model was established based on the analysis results and a software package for performance simulation of SE was developed so that the performance could be predicted before a SE would be manufactured.
Thirdly, the 3D model of the mechanism was established from the results of mechanism optimization by using SolidWbrks and the kinematical simulation was carried out on the support of Cosmos/Motion environment so that the rationality of the optimized parameters and the kinematical curves could be proved.
Finally, the feedback design of the parts was carried out according to the simulation results of virtual SE prototype. By this method, the virtual prototype would be more close to the physical machine to be manufactured.
首先，从Stirling热力学循环理论入手，根据热气机一个运动循环输出热功为最大。建立了菱形传动机构尺度优化综合的数学模型，在满足传动机构约束条件的情况下，优化传动机构的几何参数，以使热气机的输出功率在其它参数已定时达到最大。
其次，采用等温分析法对影响热气机的性能参数进行分析，并且以此为数学模型开发出菱形传动机构热气机性能模拟的软件包，以期在热气机制造以前能对其性能进行预测。
再次，根据机构尺度优化综合优化得到的机构参数，采用Solidworks软件对菱形传动机构热气机进行三维建模，在Cosmos／Motion环境中，对热气机虚拟样机模型进行运动及动力仿真，以检测优化参数和运动规律的合理性。
最后，在对热气机虚拟样机的运动及动力仿真模拟分析的基础上，根据所得的参数，对热气机的零部件进行反馈设计，以使虚拟样机能够更加真实地反映未来的物理样机。
Stirling Engine(SE) is a kind of regenerative internal combustion engine with the characteristics of multi-fuel adaptability. It plays an important part to change the shortage of petroleum fuel, reduce the environmental pollution and to be used in military field etc.. The dimensional optimization and synthesis of rhombic driving SE, its performance simulation and modeling by virtual prototype were studied in this paper. In order to prove the rationality of the design parameters for the driving mechanism, the kinematical and dynamical simulation of the mechanism was carried out.
Firstly, the mathematics model for dimensional synthesis of rhombic driving SE was established based on the circulating theories of Stirling thermodynamics. The objective function was to maximize the thermal power from the working medium in one cycle. In this way the output power of SE would be maximum when the other parameters have be determined and the parameters of driving mechanism satisfied the restrictive conditions.
Secondly, the parameters relative to the performance of SE were analyzed according to Constant Temperature Process Method. A mathematics model was established based on the analysis results and a software package for performance simulation of SE was developed so that the performance could be predicted before a SE would be manufactured.
Thirdly, the 3D model of the mechanism was established from the results of mechanism optimization by using SolidWbrks and the kinematical simulation was carried out on the support of Cosmos/Motion environment so that the rationality of the optimized parameters and the kinematical curves could be proved.
Finally, the feedback design of the parts was carried out according to the simulation results of virtual SE prototype. By this method, the virtual prototype would be more close to the physical machine to be manufactured.
引文
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【1】G. Walke, Stirling Engines, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1980.
【2】Kammerich B.Perspectives for Stirling Engine, A Short Notion. Proc. of 8~(th) International StirlingEngine Conference, Ancona, Italy, May23～25, 1997.
【3】DH Rix.Thermodynamic and detail design of a 0.5KW Stirling engine for domestic scale cogeneration. Part A: Journal of Power and Energy. Proc. of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Vol207. 1995.
【4】DH Rix.Some aspects of the outline design specification ofa 0.5KW Stirling engine for domestic scale cogeneration. Part B: Jounal of Power and Energy. Proc. of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Vol210. 1996.
【5】JiXiaomin, Jing Bingbin, Yah Hongxin, Dong Zhongyuan. Develop Stirling Engine as a Real Product. Proc. of 8~(th) Internatinal Stirling Engine Conference, Ancona, Italy, May23～25, 1997.
【6】DH Rix.A thermodynamic design simulation for Stirling cycle machine using a Lagangian formulation. Proc. of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, V202. 1998.
【7】Caputo C, Rispoli F. New Drive Mechanisms for the Stirling Engine. Proc. of 8~(th) International Stirling Engine Conference,Ancona, Italy, May23～25, 1997.
【8】Hirate K, Iwamoto S, toda F, Hamaguchi. Performance Evaluation for a 100W Stirling Engine. Proc. of 8~(th) Interntional Stirling Engine Conference, Ancona, Italy, May23～25, 1997.
【9】Senft J.R. An Overview of Mechanical Efficiency Theorems Relevant
to Stirling Engine pratice. Proc. of 8(th) International Stirling Engine Conference, Ancona, Italy, May23～25, 1997.
【10】Vieboah.S. Simulation and Development of a Stifling Engine for a Small Cogeneration Unit. Proc. of 8(th) International Stirling Engine Conference, Ancona, Italy, May 23～25, 1997.
【11】Schmidt Th, WieserU, Zumsteg HP, Gaegauf CH. Measurement and Simulation of a 300W Free-Piston Stirling-Engine. Proc. of 8(th) International Stirling Engine Conference, Ancona, Italy, May 23～25,1997.
【12】Seraj Mechdizadeh N, Stouffs P. Dynamic of a Martini-Type Free Piston Stirling Engine Using Coupled and Decoupled Analysis; Study of the Piston and DISplacer Motion Control. Proc. of 8(th) International Stirling Engine Conference, Ancona, Italy, May23～25, 1997.
【13】Watanabe H, Issihiki N, Ohtomo M, Shishisdo M. Experimental study on Solar Stirling Engine TNT-3 and 4 at Nihon University. Proc. of 8(th) International Stirling Engine Conference, Ancona, Italy, May 23～25, 1997.
【14】D.H.Rix. Design and Development of the SM4 Stirling Engine. Proc. of 6(th) International Stirling Engine Conference. 1993.
【15】Stig G Carlqvist. Hermetically Sealed Stirling-Electric Generator Set. Proc. of the 23(rd) Intersociety Energy Conversion Eng.Conference. 1988.
【16】Shinji Moriya and Naotsugu Isshiki. Regenerator Elements for Internal Combustion Stirling Engine. Proc. of the 27(th) Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference. 1992.
【17】邹隆清，刘洪硕，邓十洲．斯特林发动机．湖南大学出版社，1985．
【18】赵丽丹．机械系统设计中的仿真应用．西安理工大学硕士论文，
1998．
【19】邓大萌．热气机传动机构的分析与设计研究．西安理工大学硕士论文，1999．
【20】阎洪新．热气机中的Ericsson机构研究．西安理工大学硕士论文，1997．
【21】朱国庆，吴长德．高温燃气横掠小间距单排管束传热的试验研究，特种发动机，NO．2，1994．
【22】王应杰．热气机性能分析及实验研究．西安理工大学硕士论文，1999．
【23】吉晓民．面向用户的产品质量设计与热气机开发应用研究．西安理工大学博士论文，2000．
【24】梁安波，史岩．热气机的热力分析计算法与模拟计算现状．莱阳农学院学报，1997．
【25】高键．机械优化设计基础．科学出版社．2000．
【26】熊光楞，李伯虎．虚拟样机技术．系统仿真学报．NO．1，2001．
【27】张玉萍，苏文桂等．基于可视化虚拟设计的甘蔗剥叶机开发研究．机械设计．NO．9，2003．
【28】官文飞，马勇．产品方案的虚拟设计初探．机械设计．NO．9，2003．
【29】梁尚明，张均富等．摆动活齿减速器箱体的有限元模态分析．机械设计．NO．1，2003．
【30】顾永泉．机械密封实用技术．机械工业出版社．2001．
【31】王心明．工程压力容器设计与计算．国防工业出版社．1986．
【32】张建荣等．压力容器制造质量控制手册．中国建材工业出版社．1997．
【33】曹惟庆等．连杆机构的分析与综合．科学出版社．2002．
【34】张策．机械动力学．高等教育出版社．2000．
【35】黄锡凯，郑文纬．机械原理．北京：高等教育出版社．1987．
【36】吉晓民，杜红斌，董仲元．机器运动仿真的新方法及其应用．西安理工大学学报，NO．2，2000．
【37】董仲元，吕传毅．V160热气机中回热器的模拟研究．西安理工大学学报，NO．2，1994．
【38】W．R．Martin．斯特林发动机热力计算．湖南农机，1986专刊．
【39】董仲元，蒋克铸．设计方法学．北京：高等教育出版社．1991．
【40】赵汝嘉．Solidworks2001精通与提高．机械工业出版社．2002．
【41】杨景章．工程机械用内燃机．水利电力出版社．1988．
【42】郑莉等．C++语言程序设计．清华大学出版社．2000．
【43】郭朝勇等．AutoCAD 2002定制与开发．清华大学出版社．2002．
【44】孙靖民．机械优化设计．机械工业出版社．2003．
【45】王安麟编著．机械工程现代最优化设计方法与应用．上海交通大学出版社．2000．
【46】楼鸿棣．高等机械原理．高等教育出版社．1990．
【47】孟彩芳．机械原理电算分析与设计．天津大学出版社．2000．
【48】张黎伟．理论力学．高等教育出版社．1986．
【49】[美]希格莱．机械原理与机构学．科技文献出版社重庆分社．1987．
【50】谈嘉祯主编．机械设计．中国标准出版社．2001．
【51】李俊．Visual C++6.0实用教程．人民邮电出版社．2000．
【52】黄维通编著．Visual C++面向对象与可视化程序设计．清华大学出版社．2000．
【53】刘静华，王永生著．最新VC++绘图程序设计技巧与实例教程．科学出版社．2001．
【54】(德)施普尔(Gunter Spur)，(德)克劳舍(Frank-Lothar)．虚拟产品开发技术．机械工业出版社．2000．
【1】G. Walke, Stirling Engines, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1980.
【2】Kammerich B.Perspectives for Stirling Engine, A Short Notion. Proc. of 8~(th) International StirlingEngine Conference, Ancona, Italy, May23～25, 1997.
【3】DH Rix.Thermodynamic and detail design of a 0.5KW Stirling engine for domestic scale cogeneration. Part A: Journal of Power and Energy. Proc. of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Vol207. 1995.
【4】DH Rix.Some aspects of the outline design specification ofa 0.5KW Stirling engine for domestic scale cogeneration. Part B: Jounal of Power and Energy. Proc. of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Vol210. 1996.
【5】JiXiaomin, Jing Bingbin, Yah Hongxin, Dong Zhongyuan. Develop Stirling Engine as a Real Product. Proc. of 8~(th) Internatinal Stirling Engine Conference, Ancona, Italy, May23～25, 1997.
【6】DH Rix.A thermodynamic design simulation for Stirling cycle machine using a Lagangian formulation. Proc. of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, V202. 1998.
【7】Caputo C, Rispoli F. New Drive Mechanisms for the Stirling Engine. Proc. of 8~(th) International Stirling Engine Conference,Ancona, Italy, May23～25, 1997.
【8】Hirate K, Iwamoto S, toda F, Hamaguchi. Performance Evaluation for a 100W Stirling Engine. Proc. of 8~(th) Interntional Stirling Engine Conference, Ancona, Italy, May23～25, 1997.
【9】Senft J.R. An Overview of Mechanical Efficiency Theorems Relevant
to Stirling Engine pratice. Proc. of 8(th) International Stirling Engine Conference, Ancona, Italy, May23～25, 1997.
【10】Vieboah.S. Simulation and Development of a Stifling Engine for a Small Cogeneration Unit. Proc. of 8(th) International Stirling Engine Conference, Ancona, Italy, May 23～25, 1997.
【11】Schmidt Th, WieserU, Zumsteg HP, Gaegauf CH. Measurement and Simulation of a 300W Free-Piston Stirling-Engine. Proc. of 8(th) International Stirling Engine Conference, Ancona, Italy, May 23～25,1997.
【12】Seraj Mechdizadeh N, Stouffs P. Dynamic of a Martini-Type Free Piston Stirling Engine Using Coupled and Decoupled Analysis; Study of the Piston and DISplacer Motion Control. Proc. of 8(th) International Stirling Engine Conference, Ancona, Italy, May23～25, 1997.
【13】Watanabe H, Issihiki N, Ohtomo M, Shishisdo M. Experimental study on Solar Stirling Engine TNT-3 and 4 at Nihon University. Proc. of 8(th) International Stirling Engine Conference, Ancona, Italy, May 23～25, 1997.
【14】D.H.Rix. Design and Development of the SM4 Stirling Engine. Proc. of 6(th) International Stirling Engine Conference. 1993.
【15】Stig G Carlqvist. Hermetically Sealed Stirling-Electric Generator Set. Proc. of the 23(rd) Intersociety Energy Conversion Eng.Conference. 1988.
【16】Shinji Moriya and Naotsugu Isshiki. Regenerator Elements for Internal Combustion Stirling Engine. Proc. of the 27(th) Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference. 1992.
【17】邹隆清，刘洪硕，邓十洲．斯特林发动机．湖南大学出版社，1985．
【18】赵丽丹．机械系统设计中的仿真应用．西安理工大学硕士论文，
1998．
【19】邓大萌．热气机传动机构的分析与设计研究．西安理工大学硕士论文，1999．
【20】阎洪新．热气机中的Ericsson机构研究．西安理工大学硕士论文，1997．
【21】朱国庆，吴长德．高温燃气横掠小间距单排管束传热的试验研究，特种发动机，NO．2，1994．
【22】王应杰．热气机性能分析及实验研究．西安理工大学硕士论文，1999．
【23】吉晓民．面向用户的产品质量设计与热气机开发应用研究．西安理工大学博士论文，2000．
【24】梁安波，史岩．热气机的热力分析计算法与模拟计算现状．莱阳农学院学报，1997．
【25】高键．机械优化设计基础．科学出版社．2000．
【26】熊光楞，李伯虎．虚拟样机技术．系统仿真学报．NO．1，2001．
【27】张玉萍，苏文桂等．基于可视化虚拟设计的甘蔗剥叶机开发研究．机械设计．NO．9，2003．
【28】官文飞，马勇．产品方案的虚拟设计初探．机械设计．NO．9，2003．
【29】梁尚明，张均富等．摆动活齿减速器箱体的有限元模态分析．机械设计．NO．1，2003．
【30】顾永泉．机械密封实用技术．机械工业出版社．2001．
【31】王心明．工程压力容器设计与计算．国防工业出版社．1986．
【32】张建荣等．压力容器制造质量控制手册．中国建材工业出版社．1997．
【33】曹惟庆等．连杆机构的分析与综合．科学出版社．2002．
【34】张策．机械动力学．高等教育出版社．2000．
【35】黄锡凯，郑文纬．机械原理．北京：高等教育出版社．1987．
【36】吉晓民，杜红斌，董仲元．机器运动仿真的新方法及其应用．西安理工大学学报，NO．2，2000．
【37】董仲元，吕传毅．V160热气机中回热器的模拟研究．西安理工大学学报，NO．2，1994．
【38】W．R．Martin．斯特林发动机热力计算．湖南农机，1986专刊．
【39】董仲元，蒋克铸．设计方法学．北京：高等教育出版社．1991．
【40】赵汝嘉．Solidworks2001精通与提高．机械工业出版社．2002．
【41】杨景章．工程机械用内燃机．水利电力出版社．1988．
【42】郑莉等．C++语言程序设计．清华大学出版社．2000．
【43】郭朝勇等．AutoCAD 2002定制与开发．清华大学出版社．2002．
【44】孙靖民．机械优化设计．机械工业出版社．2003．
【45】王安麟编著．机械工程现代最优化设计方法与应用．上海交通大学出版社．2000．
【46】楼鸿棣．高等机械原理．高等教育出版社．1990．
【47】孟彩芳．机械原理电算分析与设计．天津大学出版社．2000．
【48】张黎伟．理论力学．高等教育出版社．1986．
【49】[美]希格莱．机械原理与机构学．科技文献出版社重庆分社．1987．
【50】谈嘉祯主编．机械设计．中国标准出版社．2001．
【51】李俊．Visual C++6.0实用教程．人民邮电出版社．2000．
【52】黄维通编著．Visual C++面向对象与可视化程序设计．清华大学出版社．2000．
【53】刘静华，王永生著．最新VC++绘图程序设计技巧与实例教程．科学出版社．2001．
【54】(德)施普尔(Gunter Spur)，(德)克劳舍(Frank-Lothar)．虚拟产品开发技术．机械工业出版社．2000．