利用新型DH群体构建小麦遗传图谱与SDG8和FT基因对拟南芥开花和分枝的协同调控
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摘要
课题组前期构建了一个合成加倍单倍体群体,将其命名为SynDH群体,该群体是一个四倍化的六倍体DH群体,其A、B染色体在两个不同的四倍体小麦间发生了重组,而D染色体则来自同一个节节麦。我们利用该群体构建了一个遗传图谱,主要研究结果为：
1.共选择了606个具有多态性的标记,其中有588(97%)个标记连锁到了不同的染色体上,包括513个DArT、72个SSR、1个ISBP和2个HMW-GS标记。该连锁群图覆盖基因组总长度为2048.79cM,标记间平均图距为3.48cM。
2.该图谱与前人发表的遗传图谱相比,具有很多共享的标记,在标记顺序上表现出较高的一致性。
3.利用该遗传图谱,成功鉴定了5个QTL位点,分别是位于7A和5B上的两个小穗数,7A和3B上的两个穗长及4B上的一个千粒重QTL。
4.通过实验分析,我们认为两个四倍体小麦在可杂交性QTL的差异可能是在1A、3B和6B染色体上产生偏分离区域的原因。
拟南芥SET domain group8(SDG8)蛋白是一个组蛋白甲基化转移酶,其参与调控一系列重要的植株发育过程,包括开花、分枝以及种子特异基因的表达。本文通过对sdg8-2突变体诱变后得到的表型回复突变体构建作图群体,克隆得到了一个在Flowering locus T(FT)基因发生点突变的突变体,将其命名为ft-11。通过对其开花时间、植株分枝及种子贮藏蛋白等研究发现,FT与SDG8在功能上协同调控植株形态及开花时间,但却没有参与种子特异基因的表达调控。主要研究结果如下：
1.FT位点的突变抑制了sdg8导致的早开花表型。分别统计了野生型、单突变体sdg8-2、ft-1和ft-10及双突变体ft-11sdg8-2初生叶片数量和开花时间,结果一致,双突变体的开花时间趋于ft-1、ft-10和sdg8-2之间,与野生型基本一致,这说明在双突变体中ft-11可以抑制sdg8-2的早开花表型。实时定量PCR结果显示,双突变体中FLC表达量偏低,在SOC1的表达量偏高的情况下AP1的表达量仍然偏低,说明在双突变体中可能是由于降低的抑制因子FLC水平促进了下游基因AP1的表达。
2.FT蛋白质中重要位点的单个氨基酸突变会影响其功能：选取了FT中一些重要的氨基酸位点构建了不同的点突变FT蛋白表达载体,通过荧光双分子互补实验(BiFC)和酵母双杂交实验(Y2H)检测了单个氨基酸突变的FT与FD基因及14-3-3蛋白的互作能力,发现不同FT突变蛋白与FD以及14-3-3的结合能力有一定的差异,并且此结合能力与突变植株的表型有一定的关联。
3.FT位点的突变抑制了sdg8导致的多分枝表型：分枝统计结果显示双突变体ft-11sdg8-2的分枝趋于野生型Col和单突变体sdg8-2之间。RT-PCR和实时定量PCR结果显示一些控制植株分枝的关键基因的转录水平在野生型、单突变体和双突变体中产生了变化。其中SPS1基因在ft-11sdg8-2中的表达量高于sdg8-2,而UGT74E2基因在ft-11sdg8-2中的表达量高于ft-10并低于sdg8-2,说明ft-1.1sdg8-2的分枝受到了抑制。认为ft-11可能是通过调节激素平衡来抑制sdg8分枝表型的。
4.ft突变位点对sdg8中种子特异基因的表达没有产生影响：通过构建将pCG::GUS报告基因引入ft-11sdg8-2群体来检测双突变体中种子特异基因的表达情况发现,ft-11位点的突变对sdg8-2中种子贮藏蛋白的表达没有产生影响,并在分子水平上证明了这一结果,其中At2S2和At7S1在野生型中没有明显的条带,在单突变体sdg8-2中均得到了表达,并同时出现在双突变体中且表达水平与sdg8-2基本一致。
In a previous study, we constructed a synthesizing double haploid (SynDH) hexaploid wheat population, which is actually tetraploidization-hexaploid DH population since they contain recombinant A and B chromosomes of two different T. turgidum genotypes while all the D chromosomes from Ae. tauschii are homogenous across the whole population. The present paper reports the development of a genetic map using this population. The major findings are:
1. Of the606markers used to assemble the genetic map,588(97%) were assigned to linkage groups. They included513DArT (Diversity Arrays Technology) markers,72simple sequence repeats (SSR), one insertion site-based polymorphism (ISBP), and two high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) markers. This map has a length of2048.79cM and an average distance of3.48cM between adjacent markers.
2. Compared with previously reported maps, most of shared markers showed highly consistent orders, indicating that this SynDH population is valid in generating genetic map.
3. This map was successfully used to identify five quantitative trait loci (QTL), including two for spikelet number on chromosomes7A and5B, two for spike length on7A and3B, and one for1000-grain weight on4B.
4. On the other hand, differences in crossability QTL between the two T. turgidum parents could be responsible for the existence of segregation distortion regions on chromosomes1A,3B, and6B.
The Arabidopsis SET domain group8(SDG8) is a histone H3methyltransferase. It involves in a series of important plant development processes including flowering, branching and the control of seed specific gene expression. In this study, a mapping population was established from a suppressor mutant of sdg8-2. A new single point substitutional mutant allele of FT, which was named ft-11hereafter, was cloned via traditional map based cloning. Based on the characterization study of the double mutant on flowering time, plant architecture and seed storage protein expression, it was found that FT and SDG8function synergistically to regulate flowering time and plant archtecure, but FT did not involve in the regulation of seed specific gene expression. The major findings are:
1. A single point mutant in FT can suppress the early flowering phenotype resulted from sdg8mutation:The flowering time was determined in wild type, single mutant sdg8-2,ft-1,ft-10and double mutant ft-11sdg8-2plants, by means of both dates and rosette leaf numbers. The flowering time of double mutant plants was in between that of sdg8and ft single mutant plants, similar to that of the wild type plants. This suggested that ft-11can suppress the early flowering phenotype of sdg8-2mutant plants. Based on realtime PCR analysis, FLC transcript level was reduced, while the API expression was at a low level when the SOC1expression was increased. This indicated that the reduction of the inhibitor FLC level may promote the expression of downstream API.
2. Single amino aicd substitution at the key residues of the FT protein will greatly affect its function:Constructs expressing mutant version of FT proteins were constructed by targeted mutagenesis on several key amino acid residues. The physical associations between FT, including wild type and all mutant versions, and FD or14-3-3proteins were evaluated using BiFC and Y2H. It was found that the different FT mutant proteins showed altered binding capability to FD or14-3-3proteins, which was in line with the observed morphological phenotypes of the plants.
3. A single point mutant in FT can suppress the more branch phenotype resulted from sdg8mutation:The branch number of the ft-11sdg8-2double mutant was less than that of sdg8-2single mutant, but still more than that of wild type or ft single mutant plants. RT-PCR and realtime PCR analysis demonstrated that the expressions of a few key regulatory genes on branch were altered in the double mutant. SPS1expression was increased in the double mutant compared to that of sdg8-2, while the UGT74E2expressopn was lower. These results indicated that the ft-11mutant resulted in altered auxin/cytokinin balance, therefore suppressed the more branch phenotype of sdg8.
4. Mutation in FT did not affect the expression of seed specific genes:A pCG::GUS reporter system was introduced into the ft-11sdg8-2plants to determine the expression of seed specific genes. ft-11mutation did not affect the expression of seed storage proteins. RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that At2S2and At7S1were not expressed in wild type, but in sdg8-2and the double mutant. The expression levels of these genes were similar in sdg8-2and the double mutant.
1.共选择了606个具有多态性的标记,其中有588(97%)个标记连锁到了不同的染色体上,包括513个DArT、72个SSR、1个ISBP和2个HMW-GS标记。该连锁群图覆盖基因组总长度为2048.79cM,标记间平均图距为3.48cM。
2.该图谱与前人发表的遗传图谱相比,具有很多共享的标记,在标记顺序上表现出较高的一致性。
3.利用该遗传图谱,成功鉴定了5个QTL位点,分别是位于7A和5B上的两个小穗数,7A和3B上的两个穗长及4B上的一个千粒重QTL。
4.通过实验分析,我们认为两个四倍体小麦在可杂交性QTL的差异可能是在1A、3B和6B染色体上产生偏分离区域的原因。
拟南芥SET domain group8(SDG8)蛋白是一个组蛋白甲基化转移酶,其参与调控一系列重要的植株发育过程,包括开花、分枝以及种子特异基因的表达。本文通过对sdg8-2突变体诱变后得到的表型回复突变体构建作图群体,克隆得到了一个在Flowering locus T(FT)基因发生点突变的突变体,将其命名为ft-11。通过对其开花时间、植株分枝及种子贮藏蛋白等研究发现,FT与SDG8在功能上协同调控植株形态及开花时间,但却没有参与种子特异基因的表达调控。主要研究结果如下：
1.FT位点的突变抑制了sdg8导致的早开花表型。分别统计了野生型、单突变体sdg8-2、ft-1和ft-10及双突变体ft-11sdg8-2初生叶片数量和开花时间,结果一致,双突变体的开花时间趋于ft-1、ft-10和sdg8-2之间,与野生型基本一致,这说明在双突变体中ft-11可以抑制sdg8-2的早开花表型。实时定量PCR结果显示,双突变体中FLC表达量偏低,在SOC1的表达量偏高的情况下AP1的表达量仍然偏低,说明在双突变体中可能是由于降低的抑制因子FLC水平促进了下游基因AP1的表达。
2.FT蛋白质中重要位点的单个氨基酸突变会影响其功能：选取了FT中一些重要的氨基酸位点构建了不同的点突变FT蛋白表达载体,通过荧光双分子互补实验(BiFC)和酵母双杂交实验(Y2H)检测了单个氨基酸突变的FT与FD基因及14-3-3蛋白的互作能力,发现不同FT突变蛋白与FD以及14-3-3的结合能力有一定的差异,并且此结合能力与突变植株的表型有一定的关联。
3.FT位点的突变抑制了sdg8导致的多分枝表型：分枝统计结果显示双突变体ft-11sdg8-2的分枝趋于野生型Col和单突变体sdg8-2之间。RT-PCR和实时定量PCR结果显示一些控制植株分枝的关键基因的转录水平在野生型、单突变体和双突变体中产生了变化。其中SPS1基因在ft-11sdg8-2中的表达量高于sdg8-2,而UGT74E2基因在ft-11sdg8-2中的表达量高于ft-10并低于sdg8-2,说明ft-1.1sdg8-2的分枝受到了抑制。认为ft-11可能是通过调节激素平衡来抑制sdg8分枝表型的。
4.ft突变位点对sdg8中种子特异基因的表达没有产生影响：通过构建将pCG::GUS报告基因引入ft-11sdg8-2群体来检测双突变体中种子特异基因的表达情况发现,ft-11位点的突变对sdg8-2中种子贮藏蛋白的表达没有产生影响,并在分子水平上证明了这一结果,其中At2S2和At7S1在野生型中没有明显的条带,在单突变体sdg8-2中均得到了表达,并同时出现在双突变体中且表达水平与sdg8-2基本一致。
In a previous study, we constructed a synthesizing double haploid (SynDH) hexaploid wheat population, which is actually tetraploidization-hexaploid DH population since they contain recombinant A and B chromosomes of two different T. turgidum genotypes while all the D chromosomes from Ae. tauschii are homogenous across the whole population. The present paper reports the development of a genetic map using this population. The major findings are:
1. Of the606markers used to assemble the genetic map,588(97%) were assigned to linkage groups. They included513DArT (Diversity Arrays Technology) markers,72simple sequence repeats (SSR), one insertion site-based polymorphism (ISBP), and two high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) markers. This map has a length of2048.79cM and an average distance of3.48cM between adjacent markers.
2. Compared with previously reported maps, most of shared markers showed highly consistent orders, indicating that this SynDH population is valid in generating genetic map.
3. This map was successfully used to identify five quantitative trait loci (QTL), including two for spikelet number on chromosomes7A and5B, two for spike length on7A and3B, and one for1000-grain weight on4B.
4. On the other hand, differences in crossability QTL between the two T. turgidum parents could be responsible for the existence of segregation distortion regions on chromosomes1A,3B, and6B.
The Arabidopsis SET domain group8(SDG8) is a histone H3methyltransferase. It involves in a series of important plant development processes including flowering, branching and the control of seed specific gene expression. In this study, a mapping population was established from a suppressor mutant of sdg8-2. A new single point substitutional mutant allele of FT, which was named ft-11hereafter, was cloned via traditional map based cloning. Based on the characterization study of the double mutant on flowering time, plant architecture and seed storage protein expression, it was found that FT and SDG8function synergistically to regulate flowering time and plant archtecure, but FT did not involve in the regulation of seed specific gene expression. The major findings are:
1. A single point mutant in FT can suppress the early flowering phenotype resulted from sdg8mutation:The flowering time was determined in wild type, single mutant sdg8-2,ft-1,ft-10and double mutant ft-11sdg8-2plants, by means of both dates and rosette leaf numbers. The flowering time of double mutant plants was in between that of sdg8and ft single mutant plants, similar to that of the wild type plants. This suggested that ft-11can suppress the early flowering phenotype of sdg8-2mutant plants. Based on realtime PCR analysis, FLC transcript level was reduced, while the API expression was at a low level when the SOC1expression was increased. This indicated that the reduction of the inhibitor FLC level may promote the expression of downstream API.
2. Single amino aicd substitution at the key residues of the FT protein will greatly affect its function:Constructs expressing mutant version of FT proteins were constructed by targeted mutagenesis on several key amino acid residues. The physical associations between FT, including wild type and all mutant versions, and FD or14-3-3proteins were evaluated using BiFC and Y2H. It was found that the different FT mutant proteins showed altered binding capability to FD or14-3-3proteins, which was in line with the observed morphological phenotypes of the plants.
3. A single point mutant in FT can suppress the more branch phenotype resulted from sdg8mutation:The branch number of the ft-11sdg8-2double mutant was less than that of sdg8-2single mutant, but still more than that of wild type or ft single mutant plants. RT-PCR and realtime PCR analysis demonstrated that the expressions of a few key regulatory genes on branch were altered in the double mutant. SPS1expression was increased in the double mutant compared to that of sdg8-2, while the UGT74E2expressopn was lower. These results indicated that the ft-11mutant resulted in altered auxin/cytokinin balance, therefore suppressed the more branch phenotype of sdg8.
4. Mutation in FT did not affect the expression of seed specific genes:A pCG::GUS reporter system was introduced into the ft-11sdg8-2plants to determine the expression of seed specific genes. ft-11mutation did not affect the expression of seed storage proteins. RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that At2S2and At7S1were not expressed in wild type, but in sdg8-2and the double mutant. The expression levels of these genes were similar in sdg8-2and the double mutant.
引文
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