基于声阻抗法的液体密度超声测量模型研究
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摘要
船舶综合电力推进系统是目前船舶动力发展的前沿方向,其中蓄电池储能技术及其能量管理模式研究是发展综合电力系统能量储存模块的关键技术。为了提高蓄电池的使用效益和寿命,保证其可靠运行,需要经常对蓄电池参数进行严格测量,以确保蓄电池组处于最佳的工作状况。
铅酸蓄电池电解液是一种腐蚀性液体,其密度是反映铅酸蓄电池充放电状态的一个重要参数,而腐蚀性液体密度的快速、准确、在线测量恰是一个困扰此类工业行业发展的难题。本文利用超声波的快速响应和无损检测的特点,研究了一种基于声阻抗法的液体密度超声测量模型,以电解液为研究对象,期望实现一种针对船用铅酸蓄电池参数的在线、快速、精确的自动化测量方法。论文的主要研究内容和成果如下：
(1)基于超声平面波的基本原理假设,建立了双分界面反射的液体密度超声测量模型。该模型采用双换能器和双延迟材的对称结构设计,其中一个换能器工作在脉冲回波模式,另一个换能器只作为接收换能器。研究了延迟材—液体分界面反射系数的表达通式,根据换能器上选取回波信号的不同组合,可对应不同方法确定反射系数。
(2)针对于双分界面反射的液体密度超声测量模型,为其建立了超声传播的电声学系统等效模型。该模型以电—机—声动态类比为基础,建立了声学介质层的有损传输线等效电路,建立了压电层的受控源和传输线等效电路。研究了压电陶瓷、聚合物和液体三类材料特性与各自等效电路仿真参数的对应关系。
(3)对仿真模型的回波信号特性进行分析,研究了一种超声信号处理的应用架构。在平均模式下对信号进行采集和采样—滤波—提取结构的预处理。利用时域互相关函数分析回波时延并计算声速,利用2范数频域积分分析回波幅度,并研究了超声数字信号的分析处理流程和等效数学模型。
(4)研究并构建了液体密度超声测量的实验验证平台。研究了液体密度测量单元应用配置、测量不确定度、测量质量及系统特性评估方法和系统校正方法,并对密度测量实验结果进行分析。
(5)利用液体密度超声测量模型进行船用蓄电池监测系统的设计。采用在线式铅酸蓄电池监测系统实现蓄电池运行状态参数的实时采集和监测。详细介绍了铅酸蓄电池监测系统的硬件和软件设计,并对测量结果进行分析。所设计的铅酸蓄电池监测系统其密度测量相对误差小于0.5%,能够满足快速、精确测量的技术要求。
Integrated electric propulsion system for ships is the forefront direction for the develop-ment of ship power. The research of battery energy storage technology and energy manage-ment mode is key technologies to develop energy storage module of IPS. In order to improve the efficiency and life of battery and to ensure reliable operation, the battery parameters need strict measurement to ensure a best working condition.
Battery electrolyte is a kind of corrosive liquid, whose density is an important parameter to judge the battery charging and discharging state. The fast, accurate and online measurement for density of corrosive liquid is a problem for the development of this industry. This paper studies an ultrasonic measurement model of liquid density based on acoustic impedance me-thod, using the characteristics of fast response and nondestructive testing. The method treats the electrolyte as research object, and it is expected to achieve a fast, accurate and online measuring method for lead-acid battery parameters on ship. The research contents and achievements in this paper are as follows:
(1) An ultrasonic impedance model of liquid density measurement is established, based on a basic hypothesis of ultrasonic plane wave. The model is in a symmetrical arrangement with double transducer and double buffer. One transducer acts as a transmitter and worked in pulse-echo mode, and the other operates in receiver mode. General expression of reflection coefficient at buffer-liquid interface is studied. According to the different combination of echo signals on two transducers, there are different methods to obtain the reflection coefficient.
(2) An electrical-acoustic system equivalent model for ultrasonic propagation is estab-lished, based on the ultrasonic impedance model of liquid density measurement. The model uses the electric-machine-acoustic analogy method as a foundation to establish a lossy trans-mission line equivalent circuit of acoustic medium layer and controlled source and transmis-sion line equivalent circuit of piezoelectric layer. The acoustic characteristics and frequency and temperature dependent simulation parameters of piezoelectric ceramics, polymer and liq-uid are analyzed.
(3) Based on the characteristics analysis of echo signals in simulation model, an ultra-sonic signal processing application architecture is studied. The signal is sampled at average mode and pretreated in sampling-filtering-extraction structure. The time domain cross-correlation function is used to analyze flight time and calculate sound velocity, and the l2-norm frequency domain integral method is used to analyze echo amplitude. The analysis and processing of ultrasonic digital signals and equivalent mathematical model is studied.
(4) An experimental platform of ultrasonic measurement of liquid density is studied and established. The application configuration of measurement cell, uncertainty of liquid density, measuring quality evaluation method and system correction method are studied. The meas-ured results are analyzed.
(5) A battery monitoring system on ship is designed using ultrasonic measurement model of liquid density. An on-line lead-acid battery monitoring system is used to achieve the real-time data acquisition and monitoring of battery operation parameters. The design of the lead-acid battery monitoring system is introduced in detail, and the measured results are ana-lyzed. The relative error of density measurement of the lead-acid battery monitoring system is less than0.5%, which meets the technical requirement of fast and accurate measurement.
铅酸蓄电池电解液是一种腐蚀性液体,其密度是反映铅酸蓄电池充放电状态的一个重要参数,而腐蚀性液体密度的快速、准确、在线测量恰是一个困扰此类工业行业发展的难题。本文利用超声波的快速响应和无损检测的特点,研究了一种基于声阻抗法的液体密度超声测量模型,以电解液为研究对象,期望实现一种针对船用铅酸蓄电池参数的在线、快速、精确的自动化测量方法。论文的主要研究内容和成果如下：
(1)基于超声平面波的基本原理假设,建立了双分界面反射的液体密度超声测量模型。该模型采用双换能器和双延迟材的对称结构设计,其中一个换能器工作在脉冲回波模式,另一个换能器只作为接收换能器。研究了延迟材—液体分界面反射系数的表达通式,根据换能器上选取回波信号的不同组合,可对应不同方法确定反射系数。
(2)针对于双分界面反射的液体密度超声测量模型,为其建立了超声传播的电声学系统等效模型。该模型以电—机—声动态类比为基础,建立了声学介质层的有损传输线等效电路,建立了压电层的受控源和传输线等效电路。研究了压电陶瓷、聚合物和液体三类材料特性与各自等效电路仿真参数的对应关系。
(3)对仿真模型的回波信号特性进行分析,研究了一种超声信号处理的应用架构。在平均模式下对信号进行采集和采样—滤波—提取结构的预处理。利用时域互相关函数分析回波时延并计算声速,利用2范数频域积分分析回波幅度,并研究了超声数字信号的分析处理流程和等效数学模型。
(4)研究并构建了液体密度超声测量的实验验证平台。研究了液体密度测量单元应用配置、测量不确定度、测量质量及系统特性评估方法和系统校正方法,并对密度测量实验结果进行分析。
(5)利用液体密度超声测量模型进行船用蓄电池监测系统的设计。采用在线式铅酸蓄电池监测系统实现蓄电池运行状态参数的实时采集和监测。详细介绍了铅酸蓄电池监测系统的硬件和软件设计,并对测量结果进行分析。所设计的铅酸蓄电池监测系统其密度测量相对误差小于0.5%,能够满足快速、精确测量的技术要求。
Integrated electric propulsion system for ships is the forefront direction for the develop-ment of ship power. The research of battery energy storage technology and energy manage-ment mode is key technologies to develop energy storage module of IPS. In order to improve the efficiency and life of battery and to ensure reliable operation, the battery parameters need strict measurement to ensure a best working condition.
Battery electrolyte is a kind of corrosive liquid, whose density is an important parameter to judge the battery charging and discharging state. The fast, accurate and online measurement for density of corrosive liquid is a problem for the development of this industry. This paper studies an ultrasonic measurement model of liquid density based on acoustic impedance me-thod, using the characteristics of fast response and nondestructive testing. The method treats the electrolyte as research object, and it is expected to achieve a fast, accurate and online measuring method for lead-acid battery parameters on ship. The research contents and achievements in this paper are as follows:
(1) An ultrasonic impedance model of liquid density measurement is established, based on a basic hypothesis of ultrasonic plane wave. The model is in a symmetrical arrangement with double transducer and double buffer. One transducer acts as a transmitter and worked in pulse-echo mode, and the other operates in receiver mode. General expression of reflection coefficient at buffer-liquid interface is studied. According to the different combination of echo signals on two transducers, there are different methods to obtain the reflection coefficient.
(2) An electrical-acoustic system equivalent model for ultrasonic propagation is estab-lished, based on the ultrasonic impedance model of liquid density measurement. The model uses the electric-machine-acoustic analogy method as a foundation to establish a lossy trans-mission line equivalent circuit of acoustic medium layer and controlled source and transmis-sion line equivalent circuit of piezoelectric layer. The acoustic characteristics and frequency and temperature dependent simulation parameters of piezoelectric ceramics, polymer and liq-uid are analyzed.
(3) Based on the characteristics analysis of echo signals in simulation model, an ultra-sonic signal processing application architecture is studied. The signal is sampled at average mode and pretreated in sampling-filtering-extraction structure. The time domain cross-correlation function is used to analyze flight time and calculate sound velocity, and the l2-norm frequency domain integral method is used to analyze echo amplitude. The analysis and processing of ultrasonic digital signals and equivalent mathematical model is studied.
(4) An experimental platform of ultrasonic measurement of liquid density is studied and established. The application configuration of measurement cell, uncertainty of liquid density, measuring quality evaluation method and system correction method are studied. The meas-ured results are analyzed.
(5) A battery monitoring system on ship is designed using ultrasonic measurement model of liquid density. An on-line lead-acid battery monitoring system is used to achieve the real-time data acquisition and monitoring of battery operation parameters. The design of the lead-acid battery monitoring system is introduced in detail, and the measured results are ana-lyzed. The relative error of density measurement of the lead-acid battery monitoring system is less than0.5%, which meets the technical requirement of fast and accurate measurement.
引文
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