永磁同步风力发电机的矩阵变换器控制系统研究
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摘要
近年来,全球的气候变化及环境问题日益威胁着人类的生存环境,风能作为当今最具前景的新能源之一,越来越得到世界各国重视。永磁同步风力发电机由于无电刷,取消了增速机构,结构简单及运行可靠等优点,在风力发电领域具有巨大的应用前景。
矩阵变换器是一种新型且具有优良输入输出特性的交-交直接型变换装置,相对于传统的交流变换装置有其突出的性能：中间没有大容量的直流储能器件；能量双向流通,可实现四象限运行；具有输入输出波形为正弦；输入功率因数能够自由调节等。随着电力电子变换装置器件的制造技术不断成熟和研究方法的深入,矩阵变换器将在能源、交流变频调速及电气传动领域中产生深远的影响。论文主要内容如下：
介绍了课题的研究背景意义和研究内容；阐述了永磁同步风力发电机与矩阵变换器的优势及其技术发展背景,对矩阵变换器中使用的开关功率器件进行了选择对比分析。
从矩阵变换器的电路拓扑结构、开关功率器件的四步换流技术及其系统的空间矢量调制策略方面进行了理论推导与分析研究,通过构建矩阵变换器数学函数,推导得出其在空间矢量调制策略下,虚拟整流与逆变的开关组合函数,建立了矩阵变换器的数学仿真模型,应用MATLAB软件对矩阵变换器系统在电压幅值调节、频率变换和能量回馈方面进行了仿真研究,仿真结果证明了其优良的输入输出性能。
阐述了永磁同步风力发电机的控制结构原理和工作参数特性,建立了永磁同步风力发电机在三相静止坐标系和两相同步旋转坐标系下的数学模型；运用永磁同步发电机矢量控制理论,建立永磁同步风力发电机基于转子永磁体磁链定向的数学模型。在前面所述的基础上,构建矩阵变换器与永磁同步风力发电机二者相结合的控制系统,搭建了其仿真模型,仿真验证了在发电状态下的运行效果,完成了有功功率和无功功率的解耦控制,实现了系统的稳定运行。仿真结果证明,构建的矩阵变换器与永磁同步风力发电系统其性能良好,该系统是正确和可行的。
采用DSP芯片为主控制和CPLD芯片为辅助控制构建了矩阵变换器控制系统,设计了矩阵变换器系统的硬件结构及软件程序流程,包括系统主电路、外围硬件电路、控制电路及软件设计流程等,为矩阵变换器系统在永磁同步风力发电系统控制中的工程应用及深入的研究,做了一些必要的基础性理论研究。
In recent years, the change of global climate and environmental problems are increasingly threatening the human living environment. As one of the most promising new energy resources, wind power draws more and more attention from different countries. Since permanent magnet synchronous wind power generator has no brushes, cancels the growth sector, has simple structure and works reliablly and so on, all those advantages make permanent magnet synchronous wind power generator much more prospecting in the wind energy field.
Matrix converter is a new device of Alternating Current to Alternating Current (AC-AC) frequency conversion, which has excellent input and output characteristics. Comparing with the traditional AC conversion device, this new type has its outstanding performance:there is no energy storage components with great capacity of Direct Current (DC); the energy flows in both directions, it will make four-quadrant operation possible;input and output waveform could be realized as sinusoidal; can be adjusted freely the input power factor and so on. With the manufactured technology of the variable frequency power electronic devices'components and the development of research methods, the matrix converter has a profound impact in the energy area, AC variable voltage and variable frequency fields and electric drive. The structure of this article will be presented as follows:
The research background, significance and the content of the research are presented; a description of the advantages and technology development background about the permanent magnet synchronous wind power generator and matrix converter is given, and the comparison and analysis of the several used switching power devices of matrix converte are made.
The paper makes the theoretical derivation and analysis from the perspectives of circuit topology, four-step converter technology of switching power devices and space vector control strategies for matrix converter, constructs mathematical functions of matrix converter, obtains the switch combination function of virtual rectifier and inverter in the conditions that space vector modulation strategy of matrix converter, establishs a mathematical simulation model of matrix converter, and applicates MATLAB software to the voltage amplitude regulation, frequency conversion, and energy feedback aspects for matrix converter simulation, the simulation results show the excellent input and output performance.
The present also describes the control structure principle and working parameters characteristics of permanent magnet synchronous wind power generator, establishes a three-phase stationary coordinate system and a two-phase synchronous rotating coordinate system to the permanent magnet synchronous wind power generator of mathematical model; utilizes vector control theory of permanent magnet synchronous wind generator, establishes permanent magnet based rotor flux oriented mathematical model for permanent magnet synchronous wind generator. on the basis of the previous, builds matrix converter and the permanent magnet synchronous wind power generator of the control system and establish the simulation model, which simulate the operating results in the power generation state, and completes decoupling control about the active and reactive power, and achieve stable operation of the system. The simulation results prove that this system is correct and feasible because of the good performance of the itself.
Applying DSP chip as the main control and CPLD chip as the auxiliary control, the article constructs the system of matrix converter, designs the hardware structure and software structure of the program of matrix converter system, which includes the system main circuit, the external hardware circuit, control circuit and software design flow etc. Furthermore, the paper makes a profound research on matrix converter and permanent magnet synchronous wind power generator and a fundamentally theoretical research is also made.
矩阵变换器是一种新型且具有优良输入输出特性的交-交直接型变换装置,相对于传统的交流变换装置有其突出的性能：中间没有大容量的直流储能器件；能量双向流通,可实现四象限运行；具有输入输出波形为正弦；输入功率因数能够自由调节等。随着电力电子变换装置器件的制造技术不断成熟和研究方法的深入,矩阵变换器将在能源、交流变频调速及电气传动领域中产生深远的影响。论文主要内容如下：
介绍了课题的研究背景意义和研究内容；阐述了永磁同步风力发电机与矩阵变换器的优势及其技术发展背景,对矩阵变换器中使用的开关功率器件进行了选择对比分析。
从矩阵变换器的电路拓扑结构、开关功率器件的四步换流技术及其系统的空间矢量调制策略方面进行了理论推导与分析研究,通过构建矩阵变换器数学函数,推导得出其在空间矢量调制策略下,虚拟整流与逆变的开关组合函数,建立了矩阵变换器的数学仿真模型,应用MATLAB软件对矩阵变换器系统在电压幅值调节、频率变换和能量回馈方面进行了仿真研究,仿真结果证明了其优良的输入输出性能。
阐述了永磁同步风力发电机的控制结构原理和工作参数特性,建立了永磁同步风力发电机在三相静止坐标系和两相同步旋转坐标系下的数学模型；运用永磁同步发电机矢量控制理论,建立永磁同步风力发电机基于转子永磁体磁链定向的数学模型。在前面所述的基础上,构建矩阵变换器与永磁同步风力发电机二者相结合的控制系统,搭建了其仿真模型,仿真验证了在发电状态下的运行效果,完成了有功功率和无功功率的解耦控制,实现了系统的稳定运行。仿真结果证明,构建的矩阵变换器与永磁同步风力发电系统其性能良好,该系统是正确和可行的。
采用DSP芯片为主控制和CPLD芯片为辅助控制构建了矩阵变换器控制系统,设计了矩阵变换器系统的硬件结构及软件程序流程,包括系统主电路、外围硬件电路、控制电路及软件设计流程等,为矩阵变换器系统在永磁同步风力发电系统控制中的工程应用及深入的研究,做了一些必要的基础性理论研究。
In recent years, the change of global climate and environmental problems are increasingly threatening the human living environment. As one of the most promising new energy resources, wind power draws more and more attention from different countries. Since permanent magnet synchronous wind power generator has no brushes, cancels the growth sector, has simple structure and works reliablly and so on, all those advantages make permanent magnet synchronous wind power generator much more prospecting in the wind energy field.
Matrix converter is a new device of Alternating Current to Alternating Current (AC-AC) frequency conversion, which has excellent input and output characteristics. Comparing with the traditional AC conversion device, this new type has its outstanding performance:there is no energy storage components with great capacity of Direct Current (DC); the energy flows in both directions, it will make four-quadrant operation possible;input and output waveform could be realized as sinusoidal; can be adjusted freely the input power factor and so on. With the manufactured technology of the variable frequency power electronic devices'components and the development of research methods, the matrix converter has a profound impact in the energy area, AC variable voltage and variable frequency fields and electric drive. The structure of this article will be presented as follows:
The research background, significance and the content of the research are presented; a description of the advantages and technology development background about the permanent magnet synchronous wind power generator and matrix converter is given, and the comparison and analysis of the several used switching power devices of matrix converte are made.
The paper makes the theoretical derivation and analysis from the perspectives of circuit topology, four-step converter technology of switching power devices and space vector control strategies for matrix converter, constructs mathematical functions of matrix converter, obtains the switch combination function of virtual rectifier and inverter in the conditions that space vector modulation strategy of matrix converter, establishs a mathematical simulation model of matrix converter, and applicates MATLAB software to the voltage amplitude regulation, frequency conversion, and energy feedback aspects for matrix converter simulation, the simulation results show the excellent input and output performance.
The present also describes the control structure principle and working parameters characteristics of permanent magnet synchronous wind power generator, establishes a three-phase stationary coordinate system and a two-phase synchronous rotating coordinate system to the permanent magnet synchronous wind power generator of mathematical model; utilizes vector control theory of permanent magnet synchronous wind generator, establishes permanent magnet based rotor flux oriented mathematical model for permanent magnet synchronous wind generator. on the basis of the previous, builds matrix converter and the permanent magnet synchronous wind power generator of the control system and establish the simulation model, which simulate the operating results in the power generation state, and completes decoupling control about the active and reactive power, and achieve stable operation of the system. The simulation results prove that this system is correct and feasible because of the good performance of the itself.
Applying DSP chip as the main control and CPLD chip as the auxiliary control, the article constructs the system of matrix converter, designs the hardware structure and software structure of the program of matrix converter system, which includes the system main circuit, the external hardware circuit, control circuit and software design flow etc. Furthermore, the paper makes a profound research on matrix converter and permanent magnet synchronous wind power generator and a fundamentally theoretical research is also made.
引文
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[2]刘万琨,张志英,李银凤等.风能与风力发电技术[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2007.
[3]王仲颖,任东明,高虎.中国可再生能源产业发展报告[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2009.
[4]宫靖远.风电场工程技术手册[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2004.
[5]张希良.风能开发利用[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2005.
[6]张连兵.1.2MW变速恒频直接驱动型风力发电机组技术[J].中国水利,2003,(18)：5-8.
[7]罗军波,黄守道.稀土永磁同步发电机的设计特点[J].防爆电机,2003,3(1)：5-7.
[8]E.Spooner.Willimason. Direct coupled permanet magnet generators for wind turbine [J].IEEE Proceedings on Electr Power Applications,1996,143(1):25-31.
[9]张传林,文静.稀土永磁材料的发展及在电机中的应用[J].微电机,2003,36(1)：38-39.
[10]Jun Chen, Khai,D Tngo Grapgical. Phasor analysis of three-phase PWM converters [J].IEEE Transaction on Power Electronics,2002,32(2):659-666.
[11]Grandi G, Casadei D. Common-and differential-mode HF current components in AC motors supplied by voltage source inverters [J].IEEE Trans.Power Electron,2004,19(1):16-24.
[12]刘锦波,张承惠.电机与拖动[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2006.
[13]王成元,夏加宽,孙宜标.现代电机控制技术[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2009.
[14]孙凯,周大宁.矩阵式变换器技术及其应用[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2007.
[15]Gyugyi L,Pelly B. Static power frequency changers [M].New York:Wiley,1976.
[16]Venturini M, Alesina A. A new sine wave in sine wave out conversion technique which eliminates reactive elements [J].Proceedings IEE Electric Power Applications,1980,7(3):1-15.
[17]Rodriguez J,Kastner G. A new control technique for AC-AC converter [J].IEEE Transaction on Industrial Electronics,1983,8(33):203-208.
[18]Huber L. Space vector modulated three-phase to three-phase matrix converter with input power factor correction [J].IEEE Transaction on Industry Applications,1995,31(6):1234-1246.
[19]Burany N. Safe control of four-quardrant switch [J].IEEE Transaction on Industry Applications,1989, 10(5):1190-1194.
[20]Mahlein J,Igney J. Matrix converter commutation strategies with and without explicit input voltage sign measurement [J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2002,49(2):407-414.
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