相位编码信号的优化设计及脉压副瓣抑制方法研究
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摘要
脉冲压缩是现代雷达的一种重要体制。随着现代武器和现代飞行技术的发展，对雷达的作用距离、分辨力和测量精度等性能指标提出了越来越高的要求。而脉冲压缩有效地解决了雷达距离分辨力与平均功率之间的矛盾，并在现代雷达中广泛应用。文中首先综述了数字脉冲压缩的优点及其实现方法，接着讨论了相位编码信号的特点，并详细分析了巴克码和m序列这两类典型的二相码信号。最后，我们结合某型雷达，以64相码信号为例，说明了遗传优化算法在编码搜索中的优越性，并采用了迭代加权最小二乘算法来设计失配滤波器以达到相位编码信号的优化副瓣抑制目的，且给出了相应的仿真结果。同时我们还将迭代加权最小二乘算法推广应用于其它信号形式的脉冲压缩滤波器设计，并提出了有关多普勒频率性能的改善方法。
Pulse compression is one of the most important systems in modern radars. With modern weapon and modern wingmanship being developed, the higher performance of the radar, such as action range, resolution, measure precision and so on, are required. Pulse compression effectively solves the contradiction between the range resolution and the average power of the radar, and is widely applied in modern radars. At first the merits and implementation of the digital pulse compression subsystem are introduced in this paper. Then the characteristics of phase coded signals are discussed and the two classic binary phase codes ——Barker code and m-sequence are dealt with in details in the following. Secondly, with combination of a certain type of radar, the application of genetic algorithm to optimum code selection and the iteratively reweighted least-square mismatched filter design for sidelobe reduction are discussed. The favorable experimental results are obtained, especially for 64 phase code. On the other hand, the IRLS algorithm is employed to design mismatched filters for other signals, such as linear frequency modulated Chirp. The methods of improving tolerance of low Doppler shifts are given finally.
Pulse compression is one of the most important systems in modern radars. With modern weapon and modern wingmanship being developed, the higher performance of the radar, such as action range, resolution, measure precision and so on, are required. Pulse compression effectively solves the contradiction between the range resolution and the average power of the radar, and is widely applied in modern radars. At first the merits and implementation of the digital pulse compression subsystem are introduced in this paper. Then the characteristics of phase coded signals are discussed and the two classic binary phase codes ——Barker code and m-sequence are dealt with in details in the following. Secondly, with combination of a certain type of radar, the application of genetic algorithm to optimum code selection and the iteratively reweighted least-square mismatched filter design for sidelobe reduction are discussed. The favorable experimental results are obtained, especially for 64 phase code. On the other hand, the IRLS algorithm is employed to design mismatched filters for other signals, such as linear frequency modulated Chirp. The methods of improving tolerance of low Doppler shifts are given finally.
引文
[1] 丁鹭飞，张平，雷达系统，西北电讯工程学院出版社，1984
[2] 林茂庸，柯有安，雷达信号理论，国防工业出版社，1981
[3] 张直中，雷达信号的选择与处理，国防工业出版社，1979
[4] 林可祥，汪一飞，伪随机码的原理与应用，人民邮电出版社，1978
[5] 肖国镇，梁传甲，王育民，伪随机序列及其应用，国防工业出版社，1985
[6] 曾兴雯，刘乃安，通信中的扩展频谱技术，西安电子科技大学出版社，1995
[7] 陈国良，王熙法等，遗传优化算法及其应用，人民邮电出版社，1996
[8] 徐庆，徐继麟，黄香馥，一种脉冲压缩信号旁瓣抑制方法，系统工程与电子技术， 2001，23（5）：60-61
[9] 杨斌，武剑辉，向敬成，谱修正数字旁瓣抑制滤波器设计，系统工程与电子技术，2000，22（9）：90-94
[10] 杨光正，脉压码时间旁瓣的理论研究，电子学报，1994，4，22（4）：59-65
[11] 杨斌，武剑辉，向敬成，非线性调频信号时域旁瓣抑制滤波器设计，信号处理， 1999，12，15（增刊）：31-35
[12] 武剑辉，杨斌，向敬成，“大时带积非线性调频脉压信号及其性能分析”，信号处理， 2001，4，17（2）：139-142
[13] 辛建强，相位编码脉冲多普勒雷达高度表最佳码形研究，西安电子科技大学硕士论文，1998
[14] 张润宁，一类具有低距离旁瓣的多相码“波形对”，现代雷达，1994，10，16（5）：43-48
[15] 张良，一种NFLM脉压波形的优化设计方法，现代雷达，1994，10，16（5）：27-34
[16] 苏洪涛，雷达脉冲压缩系统的设计及实现，西安电子科技大学硕士论文，2000
[17] 程慧霞，高分辨脉冲压缩雷达处理技术研究与模拟器的研制，西安电子科技大学硕士论文，2002
[18] 赵占军，数字脉压技术的研究及实现，西安电子科技大学硕士论文，1998
[19] 林丹，李敏强，寇纪凇，基于实数编码的遗传算法的收敛性研究，计算机研究与发展，2000，11，37（11）：1322--1326
[20] 钟守楠，遗传算法的收敛性与编码，武汉水利电力大学学报，2000，2，33（1）：108--112
[21] 金菊良，杨晓华，丁晶，基于实数编码的加数遗传算法，四川大学学报，2000，7，32（4）：20--24
[22] 杨志群，倪晋麟，利用遗传算法优化非线性调频信号波形，现代雷达，2000，2，（1）：44--49
[23] S. W. Golomb, and R. A. Scholtz, "Generalized Barker Sequences", IEEE Trans. Vol. IT-11, Oct, 1965
[24] E. E. Hollis, "Comparison of Combined Barker Coded for Coded Radar Use", IEEE Trans. Vol AES-3, Jan. 1967
[25] J. M. Baden and M. N. Cohen, "Optimal peak sidelobe filters for biphase pulse compression, " Proceedings of 1990 IEEE International Radar Conference, 1990， pp.249-252
[26] Aleksa Zejak, Ervin Zentner, Predrag Rapajic, 1991, "DOPPLER OPTIMIZED SIDELOBE SUPPRESSION IN PHASE-CODED PULSE COMPRESSION RADARS", IEEE 480-483。
[27] Frank F. Kretschmer, Laurence R . Welch, "Sidelobe reduction techniques for polyphase pulse compression codes, " Proceedings of 2000 IEEE International Radar Conference, 2000, pp.416-421
[28] K. R. Griep, J. A. Ritcey, "Poly-Phase Codes and Optimal Filters for Multiple user Ranging", IEEE Trans. Vol. AES-31, No.2 April 1995：752-767
[29] MIROSLAV L.DUKIC, ZORAN S. DOBROSAVLJEVIC, "A Method of a Spread- Spectrum Radar Polyphase Code Design", IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Vol.8, No. 5, June 1990：743-749
[30] T. Felhauer (1994 ), "Design and analysis of new P(n, k) polyphase pulse compression codes", IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, July 1994：865-874
[31] August W. Rihaczek and Roger M. Golden, "Range sidelobe suppression for barker codes", IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Volume AES-7, November 1971
[32] Martin H. Achroyd and F. Ghani, "Optimum mismatched filters for sidelobe suppression," IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Volume AES-9, March 1973
[2] 林茂庸，柯有安，雷达信号理论，国防工业出版社，1981
[3] 张直中，雷达信号的选择与处理，国防工业出版社，1979
[4] 林可祥，汪一飞，伪随机码的原理与应用，人民邮电出版社，1978
[5] 肖国镇，梁传甲，王育民，伪随机序列及其应用，国防工业出版社，1985
[6] 曾兴雯，刘乃安，通信中的扩展频谱技术，西安电子科技大学出版社，1995
[7] 陈国良，王熙法等，遗传优化算法及其应用，人民邮电出版社，1996
[8] 徐庆，徐继麟，黄香馥，一种脉冲压缩信号旁瓣抑制方法，系统工程与电子技术， 2001，23（5）：60-61
[9] 杨斌，武剑辉，向敬成，谱修正数字旁瓣抑制滤波器设计，系统工程与电子技术，2000，22（9）：90-94
[10] 杨光正，脉压码时间旁瓣的理论研究，电子学报，1994，4，22（4）：59-65
[11] 杨斌，武剑辉，向敬成，非线性调频信号时域旁瓣抑制滤波器设计，信号处理， 1999，12，15（增刊）：31-35
[12] 武剑辉，杨斌，向敬成，“大时带积非线性调频脉压信号及其性能分析”，信号处理， 2001，4，17（2）：139-142
[13] 辛建强，相位编码脉冲多普勒雷达高度表最佳码形研究，西安电子科技大学硕士论文，1998
[14] 张润宁，一类具有低距离旁瓣的多相码“波形对”，现代雷达，1994，10，16（5）：43-48
[15] 张良，一种NFLM脉压波形的优化设计方法，现代雷达，1994，10，16（5）：27-34
[16] 苏洪涛，雷达脉冲压缩系统的设计及实现，西安电子科技大学硕士论文，2000
[17] 程慧霞，高分辨脉冲压缩雷达处理技术研究与模拟器的研制，西安电子科技大学硕士论文，2002
[18] 赵占军，数字脉压技术的研究及实现，西安电子科技大学硕士论文，1998
[19] 林丹，李敏强，寇纪凇，基于实数编码的遗传算法的收敛性研究，计算机研究与发展，2000，11，37（11）：1322--1326
[20] 钟守楠，遗传算法的收敛性与编码，武汉水利电力大学学报，2000，2，33（1）：108--112
[21] 金菊良，杨晓华，丁晶，基于实数编码的加数遗传算法，四川大学学报，2000，7，32（4）：20--24
[22] 杨志群，倪晋麟，利用遗传算法优化非线性调频信号波形，现代雷达，2000，2，（1）：44--49
[23] S. W. Golomb, and R. A. Scholtz, "Generalized Barker Sequences", IEEE Trans. Vol. IT-11, Oct, 1965
[24] E. E. Hollis, "Comparison of Combined Barker Coded for Coded Radar Use", IEEE Trans. Vol AES-3, Jan. 1967
[25] J. M. Baden and M. N. Cohen, "Optimal peak sidelobe filters for biphase pulse compression, " Proceedings of 1990 IEEE International Radar Conference, 1990， pp.249-252
[26] Aleksa Zejak, Ervin Zentner, Predrag Rapajic, 1991, "DOPPLER OPTIMIZED SIDELOBE SUPPRESSION IN PHASE-CODED PULSE COMPRESSION RADARS", IEEE 480-483。
[27] Frank F. Kretschmer, Laurence R . Welch, "Sidelobe reduction techniques for polyphase pulse compression codes, " Proceedings of 2000 IEEE International Radar Conference, 2000, pp.416-421
[28] K. R. Griep, J. A. Ritcey, "Poly-Phase Codes and Optimal Filters for Multiple user Ranging", IEEE Trans. Vol. AES-31, No.2 April 1995：752-767
[29] MIROSLAV L.DUKIC, ZORAN S. DOBROSAVLJEVIC, "A Method of a Spread- Spectrum Radar Polyphase Code Design", IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Vol.8, No. 5, June 1990：743-749
[30] T. Felhauer (1994 ), "Design and analysis of new P(n, k) polyphase pulse compression codes", IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, July 1994：865-874
[31] August W. Rihaczek and Roger M. Golden, "Range sidelobe suppression for barker codes", IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Volume AES-7, November 1971
[32] Martin H. Achroyd and F. Ghani, "Optimum mismatched filters for sidelobe suppression," IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Volume AES-9, March 1973