基于GIS的永久性基本农田划定研究
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摘要
耕地资源的保护是现今国际社会普遍关注的问题。我国的土地资源中耕地面积约占世界耕地总面积的7%左右,虽然耕地面积总数较大,但是人均耕地面积相对较小仅占世界人均耕地面积的四分之一；且耕地分布不均匀,东南部湿润区和半湿润季风区集中了全国90%以上的耕地；优质耕地也极少。为了解决耕地问题,也是为了解决人们的“口粮问题”,根据中央的有关规定,确定十八亿亩耕地红线,并划定永久性基本农田保护区对耕地资源加以严格的保护。
将质量好、区位条件便利、连片度高的耕地划入基本农田是国家对粮食安全的又-保障；恰第二次全国土地调查队基本农田的现状布局已提供了较完善的布局情况和数量规模；并针对着新一轮土地利用规划,将耕地和基本农田与建设发展需求很好的协调是基本农田布局的又一要求,因此利用GIS合理划定基本农田,并建立基本农田数据库以便于基本农田的动态监测和管理就变得极其重要。
本研究以重庆市涪陵区同乐乡为例,利用层次分析方法、多因素加权分析方法和基于GIS的一些空间分析方法对基本农田的划定、布局及建立基本农田数据库进行了研究。主要研究内容有：
(1)研究划定基本农田的意义以及基本农田空间布局的基础理论,对关于基本农田优劣评价、布局优化及基本农田的趋势情况和调入调出理论加以探讨,分析基本农田划定的影响因子,布局的影响因素,以此提出合理划定基本农田并优化布局的思路。
(2)根据基本农田数据库标准、基本农田技术规程等,结合第二次全国土地调查基本农田调查技术规程、农用地技术报告、土地利用总体规划等建立永久性基本农田数据库。
(3)按要求,将基本农田保护图斑落实到基本农田保护图上,将属性信息赋予图上,并将基本农田保护责任人及其签订的保护责任书入库。
(4)对耕地及基本农田变化情况进行分析：利用最新二调数据和遥感数据分析从TM影像中提取耕地分布情况,根据土地利用总体规划,研究耕地变化的驱动力,确定显著影响因子,从而分析今后可能会被占用的耕地情况。分析现有耕地资源数据的特点,并以此为切入点对耕地资源空间数据的标准化、规范化进行深入的研究。
(5)建立指标体系,确定评价指标权重,利用GIS软件评价结果,建立空间数据模型,计算耕地适宜性基本农田的适应性综合指数,分析结果,引入基本农田保护数量的约束因素,划定基本农田,然后确定基本农田保护区。
以重庆市涪陵区同乐乡为例,进行永久性基本农田的划定并按照《基本农田数据库标准》和实际应用要求建立永久性基本农田数据库。
本研究是一项以按照将质量最优、布局最合理耕地入选基本农田为主要目的的应用性研究,建立了科学有效的基本农田入选体系,对于最优基本农田数据库建立和保护的应用具有一定的积极意义。研究成果对于促进基本农田和建设项目的协调布局进行科学决策、强化耕地和基本农田的保护管理、协助基本农田和其他土地项目的管理具有十分重要的现实意义。
The protection of arable land resources is universally concerned by the international community. China's arable land accounts for about7percent of the world's arable land area. Although China has a large number of total arable land area, but average per capita area is relatively small, only a quarter of the world's. The distribution is uneven, more than90percent of the country's arable land is concentrate in Chinese southeast humid and semi-humid monsoon region, and superior arable land is also extremely rare. In order to solve the farmland problem and people's rations, according to the central aythority's relevant provisions, that the underscore of arable land is1.8billion Mu, and the arable land resources to be strictly protected in the parted permanent basic farmland protection zones.
Another safeguard of the national food security is made the good quality, location convenient, contiguous high farmland as basic farmland. Exactly the second national land survey has provided an inpeccable layout and quantity on basic farmland; and for a new round of land use planning, good coordination of the demand for arable land and basic farmland construction and development is another requirement of the basic farmland layout. In order to make the dynamic monitoring and management of basic farmland easier, so use GIS to designate basic farmland and establish basic farmland database is extremely important.
This research takes the Chongqing city Fuling Tongle as an exemple. Using administrative levels analyse, multi-factor weighted analysis and spatial analysis based on GIS to study the basic farmland delimitation, layout and the establishment of basic farmland database. The main research contents are as follows:
(1)Studying the significance of delineate the basic farmland and the theory of basic farmland's spatial layout; to discuss the basic farmland evaluation, optimization layout, basic farmland trends and transferred to transfer theory; the thought of the the factors of basic farmland repartition and distribution. On this basis present the thinking of reasonable delimit basic farmland and optimize the layout.
(2) The basic farmland database standard and basic farmland technical regulations shuold combine with the second national land survey of Basic Farmland Investigation Technical Regulations, technical report of agricultural land and land to use overall planning to establish permanent basic farmland database.
(3) According to the requirements, to fulfil the basic farm protection graph with the protection patch of basic farmland, to attribute information given on the map, and put the data of who in charge of protection the basic farmland and the responsibility book they signed in storage.
(4)To analysis the cultivated land and basic farmland change situation:using the newest second investigation data and remote sensing data to analysis the land distribution which is extracted from TM imagese. According to the overall land use planning, study the driving forces on cultivated land change, determine the significant impact factors. And analysis the situation of farmland which may be occupied in the future. Analysis the characteristics of existing farmland resource data, and from this point do some thorough researches on standardization, standardization of arable land resources spatial data.
(5)Establish the index system, weigh the coefficient of evaluation indicators, using the GIS software to evaluate results, build the spatial data model, calculate the cultivated land suitability of basic farmland's comprehensive index, analysis results, introducing the constraint factors of basic farmland quantity protection, delimit basic farmland, then determine the basic farmland protection area.
Take Tongle village of Chongqing Fuling as an example to delimitate the permanent basic farmland. In accordance with the" basic farmland database standard" and practical requirement to establish permanent basic farmland database.
This study is an applied research according to optimal quality, the most reasonable layout of cultivated land as basic farmland for the primary purpose. Setting up a scientific and effective system to selected basic farmland. And it has some positive significance for the optimal basic farmland databases'establishment and protection of the application. Research for the promotion of basic farm and construction project concordent layout, strengthen the scientific decision-making of arable land and basic farmland protection, to assist management of basic farmland and other land management has the extremely important practical significance.
将质量好、区位条件便利、连片度高的耕地划入基本农田是国家对粮食安全的又-保障；恰第二次全国土地调查队基本农田的现状布局已提供了较完善的布局情况和数量规模；并针对着新一轮土地利用规划,将耕地和基本农田与建设发展需求很好的协调是基本农田布局的又一要求,因此利用GIS合理划定基本农田,并建立基本农田数据库以便于基本农田的动态监测和管理就变得极其重要。
本研究以重庆市涪陵区同乐乡为例,利用层次分析方法、多因素加权分析方法和基于GIS的一些空间分析方法对基本农田的划定、布局及建立基本农田数据库进行了研究。主要研究内容有：
(1)研究划定基本农田的意义以及基本农田空间布局的基础理论,对关于基本农田优劣评价、布局优化及基本农田的趋势情况和调入调出理论加以探讨,分析基本农田划定的影响因子,布局的影响因素,以此提出合理划定基本农田并优化布局的思路。
(2)根据基本农田数据库标准、基本农田技术规程等,结合第二次全国土地调查基本农田调查技术规程、农用地技术报告、土地利用总体规划等建立永久性基本农田数据库。
(3)按要求,将基本农田保护图斑落实到基本农田保护图上,将属性信息赋予图上,并将基本农田保护责任人及其签订的保护责任书入库。
(4)对耕地及基本农田变化情况进行分析：利用最新二调数据和遥感数据分析从TM影像中提取耕地分布情况,根据土地利用总体规划,研究耕地变化的驱动力,确定显著影响因子,从而分析今后可能会被占用的耕地情况。分析现有耕地资源数据的特点,并以此为切入点对耕地资源空间数据的标准化、规范化进行深入的研究。
(5)建立指标体系,确定评价指标权重,利用GIS软件评价结果,建立空间数据模型,计算耕地适宜性基本农田的适应性综合指数,分析结果,引入基本农田保护数量的约束因素,划定基本农田,然后确定基本农田保护区。
以重庆市涪陵区同乐乡为例,进行永久性基本农田的划定并按照《基本农田数据库标准》和实际应用要求建立永久性基本农田数据库。
本研究是一项以按照将质量最优、布局最合理耕地入选基本农田为主要目的的应用性研究,建立了科学有效的基本农田入选体系,对于最优基本农田数据库建立和保护的应用具有一定的积极意义。研究成果对于促进基本农田和建设项目的协调布局进行科学决策、强化耕地和基本农田的保护管理、协助基本农田和其他土地项目的管理具有十分重要的现实意义。
The protection of arable land resources is universally concerned by the international community. China's arable land accounts for about7percent of the world's arable land area. Although China has a large number of total arable land area, but average per capita area is relatively small, only a quarter of the world's. The distribution is uneven, more than90percent of the country's arable land is concentrate in Chinese southeast humid and semi-humid monsoon region, and superior arable land is also extremely rare. In order to solve the farmland problem and people's rations, according to the central aythority's relevant provisions, that the underscore of arable land is1.8billion Mu, and the arable land resources to be strictly protected in the parted permanent basic farmland protection zones.
Another safeguard of the national food security is made the good quality, location convenient, contiguous high farmland as basic farmland. Exactly the second national land survey has provided an inpeccable layout and quantity on basic farmland; and for a new round of land use planning, good coordination of the demand for arable land and basic farmland construction and development is another requirement of the basic farmland layout. In order to make the dynamic monitoring and management of basic farmland easier, so use GIS to designate basic farmland and establish basic farmland database is extremely important.
This research takes the Chongqing city Fuling Tongle as an exemple. Using administrative levels analyse, multi-factor weighted analysis and spatial analysis based on GIS to study the basic farmland delimitation, layout and the establishment of basic farmland database. The main research contents are as follows:
(1)Studying the significance of delineate the basic farmland and the theory of basic farmland's spatial layout; to discuss the basic farmland evaluation, optimization layout, basic farmland trends and transferred to transfer theory; the thought of the the factors of basic farmland repartition and distribution. On this basis present the thinking of reasonable delimit basic farmland and optimize the layout.
(2) The basic farmland database standard and basic farmland technical regulations shuold combine with the second national land survey of Basic Farmland Investigation Technical Regulations, technical report of agricultural land and land to use overall planning to establish permanent basic farmland database.
(3) According to the requirements, to fulfil the basic farm protection graph with the protection patch of basic farmland, to attribute information given on the map, and put the data of who in charge of protection the basic farmland and the responsibility book they signed in storage.
(4)To analysis the cultivated land and basic farmland change situation:using the newest second investigation data and remote sensing data to analysis the land distribution which is extracted from TM imagese. According to the overall land use planning, study the driving forces on cultivated land change, determine the significant impact factors. And analysis the situation of farmland which may be occupied in the future. Analysis the characteristics of existing farmland resource data, and from this point do some thorough researches on standardization, standardization of arable land resources spatial data.
(5)Establish the index system, weigh the coefficient of evaluation indicators, using the GIS software to evaluate results, build the spatial data model, calculate the cultivated land suitability of basic farmland's comprehensive index, analysis results, introducing the constraint factors of basic farmland quantity protection, delimit basic farmland, then determine the basic farmland protection area.
Take Tongle village of Chongqing Fuling as an example to delimitate the permanent basic farmland. In accordance with the" basic farmland database standard" and practical requirement to establish permanent basic farmland database.
This study is an applied research according to optimal quality, the most reasonable layout of cultivated land as basic farmland for the primary purpose. Setting up a scientific and effective system to selected basic farmland. And it has some positive significance for the optimal basic farmland databases'establishment and protection of the application. Research for the promotion of basic farm and construction project concordent layout, strengthen the scientific decision-making of arable land and basic farmland protection, to assist management of basic farmland and other land management has the extremely important practical significance.
引文
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